Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury

Monash University (Australia) · School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences

Gene augmentation therapy entails replacement of the abnormal tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. In this study, we performed gene augmentation for BRCA1/2 tumor suppressors in order to retard tumor development in breast cancer mouse model. We formulated inorganic carbonate apatite (CA) nanoparticles (NPs) to carry and deliver the purified BRCA...

Messenger RNA (mRNA) recently emerged as an appealing alternative to treat and prevent diseases ranging from cancer and Alzheimer's disease to COVID-19 with significant clinical outputs. The in vitro-transcribed mRNA has been engineered to mimic the structure of natural mRNA for vaccination, cancer immunotherapy and protein replacement therapy. In...

As transporters of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical and clinical studies, the application of nanoparticles is often hindered by their susceptibility to opsonin-mediated clearance, poor biological stability, ineffectual targeting, and undesirable effects on healthy cells. Prolonging the blood circulation time while minimizing the off-target distribu...

The established cancer treatment strategy in clinical setting is based on chemo and radiation therapy, having limitations due to severe side-effects and drug-resistance. Small molecule chemo-drugs target any fast-dividing cells irrespective of healthy or defective origin. As a result, a substantial amount of healthy tissue is also destroyed. Moreov...

Inorganic nanocarriers are potent candidates for delivering conventional anticancer drugs, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, and imaging agents, influencing their blood half-lives, tumor targetability, and bioactivity. In addition to the high surface area-to-volume ratio, they exhibit excellent scalability in synthesis, controllable shape and size,...

Purpose Natural materials have been extensively studied for oral drug delivery due to their biodegradability and other unique properties. In the current research, we fabricated sodium caseinate nanomicelles (NaCNs) using casein as a natural polymer to develop a controlled-release oral delivery system that would improve the therapeutic potential of...

The primary aim of World Journal of Diabetes (WJD, World J Diabetes) is to provide scholars and readers from various fields of diabetes with a platform to publish high-quality basic and clinical research articles and communicate their research findings online. WJD mainly publishes articles reporting research results and findings obtained in the fie...

The poor solubility, lack of targetability, quick renal clearance, and degradability of many therapeutic and imaging agents strongly limit their applications inside the human body. Amphiphilic copolymers having self-assembling properties can form core-shell structures called micelles, a promising nanocarrier for hydrophobic drugs, plasmid DNA, olig...

Purpose In this work, pH-sensitive alpha-ketoglutaric acid-modified Fe/Mg-carbonate apatite (α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA) NPs were introduced and found to be capable of promoting the selective delivery of cancer-killing drug doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cells, while simultaneously mitigating DOX toxicity on normal cells. Methods As part of the characteri...

Purpose Gene therapy is a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for many mutated gene-associated diseases, including breast cancer. However, it poses significant biological drawbacks such as rapid clearance from the circulatory system and low cellular uptake of the exogenously delivered functional nucleic acids. The development of efficient and...

Background and Objectives: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) makes up 85% of all lung cancer cases and the majority of patients are diagnosed when the cancer is advanced. Over the years, many anticancer drugs have been designed and introduced into the market to treat patients with advan...

For cells and tissues, cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion is important for proliferation, differentiation, and response to mechanical stimuli. This adhesion is provided by various cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). However, in breast cancer, depending upon the type and stage, this adherence is dysregulated where the expression of these c...

PurposeLow efficacy of parenteral administration of naked therapeutic genes is associated with the presence of biological barriers including circulatory monocytes that clear and eliminate foreign materials via reticuloendothelial system. Chemically synthesized inorganic strontium nanoparticles (SNPs) present a way to improve the delivery of genetic...

Gene therapy aims to silence an oncogene through RNA interference, or replace an abnormal tumour suppressor via gene augmentation. In this study, we intended RNA interference for PRKCA oncogene and gene augmentation for PTEN tumour suppressor with a view to reduce tumour growth in a mouse model of breast cancer. Inorganic carbonate apatite nanopart...

Extensive studies have been conducted on natural materials due to their unique and biodegradable properties for oral drug delivery. In the current research, we fabricated sodium caseinate nanomicelles (NaCNs) using casein as a natural polymer to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system. NaCNs was explored to improve the therapeutic po...

Background PARK9 familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by loss-of-function mutation in ATP13A2 gene in which the mutation impairs autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathway and induces intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein. RNA interference has been a useful tool to generate in vitro knockdown model to study the physiological role of ge...

Development of salt crystals with nano-sized diameters having the capacity of adsorbing negatively charged plasmid DNA or siRNA, carrying them across the plasma membrane and efficiently inducing transgene expression or facilitating targeted gene knockdown in cancerous cells could be a promising platform for therapeutic intervention. We employed the...

The journey of chemotherapeutic drugs from the site of administration to the site of action is confronted by several factors including low bioavailability, uneven distribution in major organs, limited accessibility of drug molecules to the distant tumor tissues, and lower therapeutic indexes. These unavoidable features of classical chemotherapeutic...

Genetic intervention via the delivery of functional genes such as plasmid DNA (pDNA) and short-interfering RNA (siRNA) offers a great way to treat many single or multiple genetic defects effectively, including mammary carcinoma. Delivery of naked therapeutic genes or siRNAs are, however, short-lived due to biological clearance by scavenging nucleas...

Background: The limitations of conventional treatment modalities in cancer, especially in breast cancer, facilitated the necessity for developing a safer drug delivery system (DDS). Inorganic nano-carriers based on calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate apatite (CA) have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, reduced...

Introduction: Cancer is one of the top-ranked noncommunicable diseases causing deaths to nine million people and affecting almost double worldwide in 2018. Tremendous advancement in surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and targeted immunotherapy have improved the rate of cure and disease-free survival. As genetic mutations vary in different cancers, p...

Oral delivery is considered as the most preferred and yet most challenging mode of drug administration; especially a fragile and sensitive peptide like insulin that shows extremely low bioavailability through the gastro-intestinal (GIT) route. To address this problem, we have designed a novel drug delivery system (DDS) using precipitation-induced B...

Regenerative medicine has exciting prospective to bring preventive and therapeutic benefits to a myriad of diseases. Different biological factors such as growth factors, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, plasmid DNA (pDNA), and some kinds of RNA can have an effect on stem cells (SCs) differentiation and underlying tissue regeneration. To understand...

Breast cancer is the abnormal, uncontrollable proliferation of cells in the breast. Conventional treatment modalities like chemotherapy induce deteriorating side effects on healthy cells. Non-viral inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) confer exclusive characteristics, such as, stability, controllable shape and size, facile surface modification, and unique...

The morphology, size, and surface area of nanoparticles (NPs), with the existence of functional groups on their surface, contribute to the drug binding affinity, distribution of the payload in different organs, and targeting of a particular tumor for exerting effective antitumor activity in vivo. However, the inherent chemical structure of NPs caus...

Inorganic nanoparticles are commonly employed as vectors for delivering drugs into cancer cells while decreasing undesired cytotoxicity in healthy tissues. Carbonate apatite is an attractive non-viral vector that releases drugs at acidic environment inside the cells following endocytosis. However, maintaining the smaller particle size is crucial fo...

: Pharmacotherapy as the mainstay in the management of breast cancer suffers from various drawbacks, including non-targeted biodistribution, narrow therapeutic and safety windows, and also resistance to treatment. Thus, alleviation of the constraints from the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of classical anti-cancer drugs could lead to i...

While several treatment strategies are applied to cure breast cancer, it still remains one of the leading causes of female deaths worldwide. Since chemotherapeutic drugs have severe side effects and are responsible for development of drug resistance in cancer cells, gene therapy is now considered as one of the promising options to address the curre...

Overexpression of oncogenes and cross-talks of the oncoproteins-regulated signaling cascades with other intracellular pathways in breast cancer could lead to massive abnormal signaling with the consequence of tumorigenesis. The ability to identify the genes having vital roles in cancer development would give a promising therapeutics strategy in com...

Macromolecular protein and peptide therapeutics have been proven to be effective in treating critical human diseases precisely. Thanks to biotechnological advancement, a huge number of proteins and peptide therapeutics were made their way to pharmaceutical market in past few decades. However, one of the biggest challenges to be addressed for protei...

Background: The efficacy of chemotherapy is undermined by adverse side effects and chemoresistance of target tissues. Developing a drug delivery system can reduce off-target side effects and increase the efficacy of drugs by increasing their accumulation in target tissues. Inorganic salts have several advantages over other drug delivery vectors in...

Inorganic nanoparticles hold great potential in the area of precision medicine, particularly for treating cancer owing to their unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and improved pharmacokinetics properties compared to their organic counterparts. Here we introduce strontium sulfite nanoparticles as new pH-responsive inorganic nanocarr...

AZ628 is a hydrophobic Raf-kinase inhibitor (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) currently in clinical trial of various cancer. The physicochemical properties of hydrophobic drugs that affect the drug-particle interactions and cause aggregation of drugs and particles might be the key aspect to impede effective drug delivery. Retaining smaller particl...

Chemotherapy, the commonly favored approach to treat cancer is frequently associated with treatment failure and recurrence of disease as a result of development of multidrug resistance (MDR) with concomitant over-expression of drug efflux proteins on cancer cells. One of the most widely used drugs, doxorubicin (Dox) is a substrate of three differen...

PEG-functionalized nanoparticles as carriers of chemotherapeutics agents have been explored with notable successes in preclinical and clinical stages of cancer treatment, with some already approved by FDA, namely PEGylated liposomes and polymers. Half-life extension of therapeutic agents through PEGylation process improves their pharmacokinetic (PK...

Specific gene knockdown facilitated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potential approach for suppressing the expression of ion channels and transporter proteins to kill breast cancer cells. The overexpression of calcium ion channels and transporter genes is seen in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Since naked siRNA is anionic and prone to nuc...

Specific gene knockdown facilitated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potential approach for suppressing expression of ion channels and transporter proteins to kill breast cancer cells. Overexpression of calcium ion channels and transporter genes is seen in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Since naked siRNA is anionic and prone to nuclease-mediat...

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential anti-cancer activity of l-amino acid oxidase (CP-LAAO) purified from the venom of Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus on SW480 and SW620 human colon cancer cells. Mass spectrometry guided purification was able to identify and purify CP-LAAO. Amino acid variations identified from the partial protein...

pH sensitives carbonate apatite (CA) has emerged as a targeted delivery vehicle for chemotherapeutics agent with tremendous potential to increase the effectivity of breast cancer treatment. The major challenge for intravenous delivery of drug-incorporated nanoparticles is their rapid opsonisation, resulting in accumulation within the organs of reti...

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic, anti‐proliferative activity, and the induction of apoptosis by L‐amino acid oxidase isolated from C. rhodostoma crude venom (CR‐LAAO) on human colon cancer cells. CR‐LAAO was purified using three chromatographic steps: molecular exclusion using G‐50 gel filtration resin, ion‐exchange by MonoQ...

Breast cancer, the second leading cause of female deaths worldwide, is usually treated with cytotoxic drugs, accompanied by adverse side-effects, development of chemoresistance and relapse of disease condition. Survival and proliferation of the cancer cells are greatly empowered by over-expression or over-activation of growth factor receptors and a...

RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new cl...

Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for about 25% of hereditary breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 serve in repair of damaged DNA and suggested to function as caretaker of genomic integrity. Transgene expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer cell lines using the pH sensitive carbonate apatite nanoparticle (NP)...

Development of bio functional inorganic nanoparticles for efficient delivery of siRNA, therapeutic gene and anticancer drug to breast cancer; jayalaxmi shetty et al., J Cancer Sci Ther 2018 volume 10; DOI 10.4172/1948-5956-C1-124: Breast cancer mortality is still the leading cause of cancer death among women. The resistance of cancer cells to cytot...

Background: E-cadherin, a cell adhesion glycoprotein is widely associated with breast cancer where it is involved in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Down regulation of its gene is hall mark for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is an essential process for tumor metastasis. While various pathways are associated with E-cadherin, one of...

E-cadherin, a cell adhesion glycoprotein is widely associated with breast cancer where it is involved in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Down regulation of its gene is hall mark for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is an essential process for tumor metastasis. While various pathways are associated with E-cadherin, one of the prominen...

Biodegradable inorganic apatite-based particle complex is popular for its pH-sensitivity at the endosomal acidic environment to facilitate drug release following cellular uptake. Despite being a powerful anticancer drug, doxorubicin shows severe off-target effects and therefore would need a carrier for the highest effectiveness. We aimed to chemica...

Pharmacotherapy as the mainstay in the management of breast cancer has demonstrated various drawbacks, including non-targeted bio distribution and narrow therapeutic and safety windows. Thus, enhancements in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of the classical anti-cancer drugs could lead to improved efficacy against cancer cells. Therefor...

Background: Delivery of conventional small molecule drugs and currently evolving nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and genes, and contrast agents for high resolution imaging, to the target site of action is highly demanding to increase the therapeutic and imaging efficacy while minimizing the off-target effec...

Cancer cells lose their control on cell cycle by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. In a tumor, these cells highly express growth factor receptors (GFRs), eliciting growth, and cell division. Among the GFRs, epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR1) (Her1/ERBB1) and epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (EGFR2) (Her2/ERBB2) from epidermal g...

pH sensitive nanoparticles of carbonate apatite (CA) have been proven to be effective delivery vehicles for DNA, siRNAs and proteins. More recently, conventional anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide have been successfully incorporated into CA for intracellular delivery to breast cancer cells. However, physical a...

Background: Mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes make cancer cells proliferate indefinitely. As they possess almost all mechanisms for cell proliferation and survival like healthy cells, it is difficult to specifically target cancer cells in the body. Current treatments in most of the cases are harmful to healthy cells as well....

Surface modification of CA particles with poly(ethylene glycol) might be a prospective approach to tackle drug-NP aggregation problem, thus resulting in smaller particle size, higher cellular uptakes and better in vivo tumor regression effect.

Genetic manipulation of cancer cells through intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and short-interfering RNA (siRNA) would be an attractive approach for effectively treating various cancers with minimal adverse effects. However, naked DNA or siRNA is rapidly degraded by nucleases and exhibits low cellular uptake with resultant poor transfect...

Tropidolaemus wagleri and Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus are venomous pit viper species commonly found in Malaysia. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the crude venoms has detected different proteins in T. wagleri and C. purpureomaculatus. They were classified into 13 venom protein families consisting of enzymatic and nonenzymatic proteins. Enzy...

Despite being widely used for cancer treatment, conventional chemotherapeutic regimens based on anti-cancer drugs possess significant drawbacks in discriminating between normal and cancer cells, leading to detrimental effects on healthy tissues. The development of nano-formulations encapsulating the chemotherapy drugs is highly expected to improve...

Over the last few decades proteins and peptide therapeutics have occupied an enormous fraction of pharmaceutical industry. Despite their high potential as therapeutics, the big challenge often encountered is the effective administration and bioavailability of protein therapeutics in vivo system. Peptide molecules are well known for their in vivo sh...

The emergence of nanotherapeutics is attributable to the integration of nanotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, and synthetic organic chemistry with medicine for treating critical human diseases in a more efficient and specific molecular approach than therapy with conventionally-designed and formulated drugs. Nanotherapeutics: From Laboratory t...

Abstract Treatment of breast cancer, the second leading cause of female deaths worldwide, with classical drugs is often accompanied by treatment failure and relapse of disease condition. Development of chemoresistance and drug toxicity compels compromising the drug concentration below the threshold level with the consequence of therapeutic ineffica...