Evan Douglas

• Professor at Griffith University

Plain English Summary The paper considers the underlying causes of differences in the growth aspirations of male and female entrepreneurs, taking into account their biological sex, their psychosocial gender, their age, whether they are married with children, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and the size and current success of their business ven...

Plain English Summary Employed parents influence their adolescents to be entrepreneurs! The choice of occupational type by adolescents depends on their parent’s occupational type and socioeconomic status in conjunction with the adolescent’s gender, academic performance, and cognitions relating to entrepreneurial self-efficacy, (ESE) psychological c...

Purpose By examining the impact of product innovation on abnormal financial returns following the launch of new products, this study aims to test the explanatory power of a new compound measure of product innovativeness (Ganbaatar and Douglas, 2019). Design/methodology/approach It is a longitudinal study in which the authors used the compound prod...

We develop and test an overarching model of entrepreneurial intention that includes profit, social impact, and innovation as the three main drivers of entrepreneurial behavior. A holistic model is developed to identify separately the generic intention to be a self-employed entrepreneur from the associated intention to be a specific type of entrepre...

Entrepreneurship theory has largely been developed and tested using symmetrical correlational methods, effectively describing the sample-average respondent and subsuming individual differences. Such methods necessarily limit investigation of asymmetries that are evident in entrepreneurship, and provide only a single explanation that belies the mult...

The literature on the motivation for social entrepreneurship focuses mainly on prosocial attitude. Very little research has been undertaken to understand the innovation and profit elements of social entrepreneurship. This study performs a conjoint experiment to reveal the importance of these three elements as motivators for social entrepreneurship,...

Product innovativeness is central to entrepreneurship, but extant measures are problematic for entrepreneurship research because they tend to be firm‐level and/or subjective and lack validity and reliability for new and small firms. We develop a new measure of product innovativeness that is direct, objective, contemporary, and cardinal that provide...

In this chapter we consider how the perceptions of entrepreneurs might differ from those of non-entrepreneurs and how this might lead individuals to act entrepreneurially when others would not. Perceptions are reality for nascent entrepreneurs who must make business decisions in an uncertain world, based on what they see or what they think they see...

This chapter focused on how the perceptions of prospective entrepreneurial action, by intending, nascent, or practicing entrepreneurs, might differ from those of non-entrepreneurs. The perceptions considered were those concerning the risks and rewards of entrepreneurial actions. The rewards are the monetary and psychic gains of entrepreneurship, wh...

Whereas the conventional model explains the approximately normal distribution of time to adoption of a new product by consumers in terms of the unobserved higher-order construct “consumer innovativeness” (Rogers, 1965; Bass, 1969; Midgely & Dowling, 1978), this conceptual paper examines the diffusion curve phenomenon not from the viewpoint of what...

This paper investigates the relationship between career choice and people's attitudes toward income, independence, risk, and work effort. Entrepreneurs are often described in terms of the strength or weakness of their attitudes in these dimensions. Conjoint analysis was used to determine the significance and nature of these attitudes in choosing on...

The valuation of entrepreneurial start-ups for the purpose of equity allocation to business angel investors is an enduring point of discord between the contracting parties. Lack of information and lack of trust, plus the asymmetry of both information and trust between the parties, typically cause the investor to apply a higher risk premium and argu...

The traditional theory of the firm, as presented in virtually all economics textbooks, implicitly treats the firm as an owner-managed, or entrepreneurial, entity. In reality, ownership and control of the firm are often separated. The consequent delegation of tasks and information asymmetry lead to a principal-agent problem whereby managers may not...

The entrepreneurial-intentions literature implicitly assumes that all intending entrepreneurs have similar growth aspirations, despite the observed dichotomy of growth- and independence-oriented new ventures. We integrate the ‘individual-opportunity nexus’ with heterogeneous opportunities into the entrepreneurial intentions model such that intendin...

We posit that entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are distinct entrepreneurial behaviors that differ in terms of their salient outcomes for the individual. Since individuals are likely to differ in their attitudes to these salient outcomes, and in their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we hypothesize that a different strength of intention for entre...

This paper argues that price competition is inevitable in the airline markets because passenger air service is a "search good." For the same reason, the optimal long run competitive strategy for the airline is "cost leadership," although qualitative advantages should be exploited by a differentiation strategy in the short run. The airlines have dev...

The literature argues that entrepreneurial intentions depend on perceptions of desirability and perceptions of feasibility. Research in other fields suggests that there will be an interaction effect between these two main antecedents of intentions, but such interaction has not been investigated in the context of entrepreneurial intentions. In this...

In this chapter we consider how the perceptions of entrepreneurs might differ from those of non-entrepreneurs and how this might lead individuals to act entrepreneurially when others would not. Perceptions are reality for nascent entrepreneurs who must make business decisions in an uncertain world, based on what they see or what they think they see...

This paper explores the decision making processes involved in effectual logic and the relationship between behavioral biases and the effectual thinking related to entrepreneurial decision making. We consider the reasons why entrepreneurs may have a natural tendency towards effectual approaches and demonstrate under what conditions effectual process...

We investigate the assessments of career attractiveness by 283 MBA students from India and Thailand, to use GMAT and work experience to explain variance in mind-sets that have previously been associated with successful managers. The fast-moving global economy requires managers to have an entrepreneurial mind-set, yet we find that MBA students with...

Principal Topic: Choice of an appropriate business model is essential to the nascent entrepreneurial firm. The term 'business model' describes the collective of the strategies and tactics the firm uses to make money and outlines the underlying economic logic that explains how the firm creates value and delivers that value to the customer at a rea...

Principal Topic While a significant amount of research has investigated the factors that motivate individuals to start an entrepreneurial new venture, there is little research on the factors that motivate individuals to act entrepreneurially as an employee within an existing business (i.e. as intrapreneurs). We question whether the same underlyin...

Real options valuation (ROV) has recently been proposed as a promising solution to the deficiencies of traditional valuation methods when facing risky technology investments or ventures. Indeed ‘real option thinking’ - the managerial flexibility to capitalise on opportunities when they arise and/or to minimise the impact of threats - is precisely w...

Methodology/Approach: There is a lack of theoretical development on the question of why people work long hours and the nature of ‘workaholism’. This paper uses the economist’s utility-maximization model to build a conceptual model of voluntary work effort that explains the work effort decision of individuals. We demonstrate a variety of reasons tha...

This paper investigates the decision by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to raise funding via the sale of equity. Prior theoretical and empirical work on the ‘pecking order’ of funding has indicated that we should not expect SMEs to prefer equity funding over internal funding and external debt, except under particular circumstances relating to t...

In the global economy, increasingly interdependent national economies must contain innovative and change-oriented firms if they are to remain or become globally competitive. Sustained business growth and profitability requires managers to exercise the spirit of entrepreneurship. Accordingly we argue that entrepreneurship has come of age as a busine...

We are interested in the antecedents to an individual’s decision to become an entrepreneur. Our approach is to consider an individual’s choice between self-employment and becoming an employee using multi-attribute utility discrete-choice modeling. The attributes in the model are based on the economic factors as previously identified in the entrepre...

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This paper reports on the nature and extent of intrapreneurship (or corporate entrepreneurship) practiced by Australian businesses. We examined the relationship between measures of corporate entrepreneurship and firm growth and profitability, and utilized measures devised by earlier 3 researchers attempting to assess corporate entrepreneurship, viz...

The intention of an individual to behave entrepreneurially arises because the entrepreneur perceives self-employment (or entrepreneurial behaviour within an organization) to be utility-maximizing, and thus forms the motivation to behave entrepreneurially. As argued elsewhere, the intention to behave entrepreneurially depends on the human capital of...

This study investigated the longitudinal behaviour of growth rates and profitability for a large sample of Australian firms. Similar to previous studies, growth rates were found to be much more volatile than profitability measures. Using a regression equation with lagged profit and growth variables, we found no evidence of a consistent relationship...

An individual’s intention to behave entrepreneurially will have attitudinal and self-efficacy antecedents. Nascent entrepreneurs also have the choice to behave entrepreneurially in their own new business or to behave entrepreneurially in an existing business (as an intrapreneur). When faced with choice, intentions are driven by attitudes towards el...

This paper reports on the nature and extent of intrapreneurship (or corporate entrepreneurship) practiced by Australian businesses. We examined the relationship between measures of corporate entrepreneurship and finn growth and profitability. and utilised measures devised by earlier researchers attempting to assess corporate entrepreneurship, viz:...

Entrepreneurs often submit crude business plans to potential investors and are frequently disappointed when the investor decides that the new venture is not yet ‘investment ready’. This paper examines the nature of investor readiness and the differing perceptions of investor readiness by entrepreneurs relative to venture capitalists in Australia. I...

This article presents a dynamic utility-maximizing model of career choice between self-employment and employment that takes into consideration the differences among people in terms of their initial attitudes toward job attributes and the likely changes to those attitudes as they mature. These differences between people affect the choice of career t...

This paper investigates the relationship between career choice and peoples’ attitudes toward income, independence, risk, and work effort. Entrepreneurs are often described in terms of the strength or weakness of their attitudes in these dimensions. Conjoint analysis was used to determine the significance and nature of these attitudes in choosing on...

Although scholars have long recognized the increased mortality risk that new ventures face in terms of a “liability of newness,” most of the discussion around this risk has been in terms of the contextual constraints that new ventures face and the difficulties that managers have in overcoming them. This emphasis is in part a reflection of the peril...

Research on entrepreneurship has investigated what entrepreneurs do, what happens when they act as entrepreneurs, and why they act as entrepreneurs. This paper contributes to the latter investigation, and specifically asks why some people choose to be entrepreneurs, while others choose to be employees. Responding to prior literature recognizing the...

Mortality risk for the new venture is a function of the ignorance prevailing in consumption, production and management technologies. Mortality risk declines over time as ignorance decays due to information search and dissemination processes. Risk reduction strategies can be utilized to shift the mortality risk curve of the new venture to a lower le...

Sustained business growth and profitability requires managers to exercise the spirit of entrepreneurship. Since the spirit of entrepreneurship may not be endemic in every person, or may require awakening and enhancing, business education should teach not only the various business disciplines but also the essence of entrepreneurship. We feel that ma...

This paper investigates career decision making through impending career decision makers' attitudes towards independence, risk, work effort and income. These attitudes are also used as predictors of entrepreneurial intention. Independence, risk and income are used by decision makers in their career assessments and a stronger entrepreneurial intentio...

The observed negative relationship between quality and warranty in the US auto market is analysed using a cost-based approach developed by Cooper and Ross. The theory of warranty and quality choice by producers and consumers is extended by endogenizing the joint price, quality and warranty decision. Differences in producer costs and consumer prefer...

The inverse relationship between stockholder concentration and executive compensation reflects the reduced asymmetry of information that accompanies greater stockholder concentration. Using a sample of firms with separate salary and bonus data for the CEO, we find stockholder control to be a highly significant determinant of bonus and simultaneousl...

Essentially there are three types of competitive bids or price quotes: fixed price bids, cost-plus markup bids, and incentive (risk-sharing) bids. An “Expected Present Value” (EPV) model of competitive bidding is presented which establishes the requirements for the maximisation of the firm's expected present value of net worth. Reconciliation of th...

This article presents a dynamic utility-maximizing model of career choice between self-employment and employment that takes into consideration the differences among people in terms of their initial attitudes toward job attributes and the likely changes to those attitudes as they mature. These differences between people affect the choice of career t...

This paper examines entrepreneurial intentions in the context of heterogeneity on both sides of the individual-opportunity nexus. One aspect of individual heterogeneity that has been neglected in this context is the individual’s motivation to supply work effort. Drawing from the organisational behavior and careers literatures we consider the attitu...

Abstract This paper discusses the progress of curriculum development under an NSF, CCLI-EMD sponsored work, “Development of Project-BasedIntroductory to Materials Engineering Modules” (DUE # #0341633). A multi-univers ity team of faculty is developing five lecture modules,for use in Introductory to Materials courses. This course is required by most

Empirical studies of entrepreneurial intentions that neglect the opportunity side of the nexus may confound the influence of opportunities and individuals, such that results attributable to individuals might also include the impact of the specific new venture opportunities envisioned. Accordingly, this paper examines the antecedents of the intentio...

Shane (2009) argued that public support of independence-oriented new ventures is not justified since they typically do not grow and repay public investment via new employment creation or tax revenues. Thus it is important to predict whether the nascent entrepreneur’s intention is to pursue a growth-oriented rather than independence-oriented venture...

This conceptual paper investigates the factors underlying the entrepreneur's choice of the launch product and market combination and the subsequent product extensions and geographic roll-out, and thus concerns the dynamic growth strategy of new ventures. We develop a decision model for determining the optimal roll-out sequence for new products into...

An abstract for the Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand 16 th Annual Conference, Ballarat, 28 Sept-1 Oct, 2003. Abstract This paper explores the relationship between technological resources, organizational resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage (SCA). It is proposed that over time, an inverse relationship exists between...

This paper substantially extends recent work on the decision to become a self-employed entrepreneur rather than to be an employee of an organization. To enter self-employment typically requires access to financial capital. This article investigates the costs and benefits of different sources of financial capital, and how these may militate for or a...

This paper clarifies and expands the ‘perceptions’ view of entrepreneurial risk taking and provides two additional concepts to explain why entrepreneurs undertake risky new ventures. The utility-maximizing model of entrepreneurship is extended to include these additional concepts. We argue that entrepreneurs will truncate risk-reducing information-...

This paper presents a conceptual model of the work effort decision of individuals and thereby advances our understanding of workaholism and other patterns of high or low work involvement and high or low work enjoyment. Researchers have categorized eight main types of work behaviors using the triad (i) quantity of work effort supplied, (ii) psychic...

Researchers have found that the determinants of entrepreneurial intention (or action) include general, specific, and social aspects of human capital as well as the possession of entrepreneurial attitudes toward income, independence, perquisites, risk and hard work. Recently the cognitive bias of overconfidence has been associated with entrepreneurs...

Employee motivation is fundamental to business performance, and thus underlies business profitability and global competitiveness. (Mowday & Shapiro (2004). Economists would say that it is the task of managers and leaders to personally motivate and create working conditions that serve to properly motivate their employees, such that the productivity...

Established entrepreneurial intentions models argue that entrepreneurial intentions are largely a function of perceptions of desirability and perceptions of feasibility. Recent research however, has suggested that the relationship between perceptions of desirability and perceptions of feasibility may be more complex. In this paper we investigate ho...

Extract:In this paper the short history of airline deregulation in Australian is considered. The pre-deregulation moves by the incumbents to strengthen their position are outlined, and the year of price competition occasioned by the entry of Compass (mark I) is discussed in some detail, with a brief account of the six months life of Compass (mark I...

Extract:Australia's domestic airline markets became deregulated on November 1, 1990. A sole new entrant, Compass Airlines, first flew passengers a month later. A little over one year later, Compass was grounded by its creditors, on December 19, 1991. Compass management (and much of public opinion) blamed the Government, and the Government (and the...

Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of word of mouth as an integral component of a firms’ marketing efforts, there has been little emphasis on developing suitable guidelines for entrepreneurs who wish to leverage scarce resources by pursuing more innovative marketing techniques. In addition, although there has been a great deal of...

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