Eva Tano

Uppsala University Hospital

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an increasing clinical problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the first outbreak of a Verona integron-borne metallo-ß-lactamase (VIM)-2-producing P. aeruginosa strain in Sweden and its expansion in the region. A cluster of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa appeared at two neighbouring...

Release of inflammatory bacterial products, such as LPS/endotoxin, may be increased upon administration of antibiotics. Improved quantitative understanding of endotoxin release and its relation to antibiotic exposure and bacterial growth/killing processes may be gained by an integrated analysis of these processes. The aim of the work was to establi...

Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in Escherichia coli constitutes one of the major threats to modern medicine, and the increasing pollution with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) has been suspected to contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria. The aim of the study was to investigate ESBLA and ESBLM-C-producing E...

Background: Bacterial translocation from the gut has been suggested to induce a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ dysfunction. The liver has a pivotal role in eliminating circulating bacteria entering from the gut. We investigated whether pre-existing inflammation affects hepatic bacterial elimination. Methods: Fifteen ana...

Introduction: Our primary aim was to investigate, using a commercial radiometer, the ultraviolet C (UVC) dose received in different areas in a burn ICU ward room after an automated UVC decontamination. The secondary aim was to validate a disposable UVC-dose indicator with the radiometer readings. Methods: Disposable indicators and an electronic...

Endotoxin, a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, has been extensively studied as a stimulator of the innate immune response. However, the temporal aspects and exposure-response relationship of endotoxin and resulting cytokine induction and tolerance development is less well defined. The aim of this work was to establish an in...

Raw endotoxin and cytokine dataset used in model development. Dataset used in development of the model, including information on each individuals administration of ETX and observed ETX, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations at given times, plus any important information of the respective studies with regards to study design or similar. (CSV)

Final model file including differential equations. Model control file for the final model, showing input, compartments, parameters, initialization and differential equations, predictions of observations and observations below the limit of quantification, initial estimates for parameters and variances and estimation method. (PDF)

Objectives: To investigate the dynamics of antibiotic-induced endotoxin liberation and inflammatory response in vivo in a clinically relevant large animal intensive care sepsis model and whether the addition of an aminoglycoside to a β-lactam antibiotic affects these responses. Design: Prospective, placebo-controlled interventional experimental...

Significance Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health. The problem is aggravated by unnecessary and incorrect use of broad spectrum antibiotics. One way to provide correct treatment and slow down the development of antibiotic resistance is to assay the susceptibility profile of the infecting bacteria before treatment is initiated an...

Healthcare textiles are increasingly recognized as potential vehicles for transmission of hospital-acquired infections. We tested the ability of an automated ultraviolet-C (UV-C) room disinfection device (Tru-D® Smart UVC) to decontaminate textiles inoculated with Enterococcus faecium in a clinical setting. Contaminated polycotton (50/50 polyester/...

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a global threat to human health. The problem is aggravated by unnecessary and incorrect use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. One way to provide correct treatment and to slow down the development of antibiotic resistance is to assay the susceptibility profile of the infecting bacteria before...

To assure correct antibiotic treatment and reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics there is an urgent need for new rapid methods for species identification and determination of antibiotic susceptibility in infectious pathogenic bacteria. We have developed a general method to rapidly identify the bacterial species causing an infection and determine th...

Background Several major outbreaks in healthcare facilities have occurred with the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. A possible route for dissemination is the hospital textiles and inadequate laundering of them. The aim of this study was to develop an easy-to-use method for simulating the laundering process of hospital textiles, and thereafter...

Background: Previously, nitric oxide has been shown to possess antimicrobial effects. In this study, we aim to test the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on Staphylococcus aureus growth during simulated extracorporeal circulation (SECC) and also to examine the effect of S. aureus, alone and in combination with GTN, on activation markers of the i...

Silver-based dressings have been used extensively in wound management in recent years, but data on their antimicrobial activity in the clinical setting are limited. In order to explore their effects on chronic leg ulcer flora, 14 ulcers were cultured after at least 3 weeks treatment with Aquacel Ag(®) or Acticoat(®). Phenotypic and genetic silver r...

Tano E, Melhus Å. Evaluation of three swab transport systems for the maintenance of clinically important bacteria in simulated mono- and polymicrobial samples. APMIS 2011; 119: 198–203. In this study, three swab transport systems were evaluated: M40 Transystem, Amies broth with a relatively new type of swab (both Copan Diagnostics, Corona, CA, USA)...

Several factors contribute to postoperative bacterial infections in cardiac surgery. Long operation times and the use of extracorporeal circulation increase the risk of infection. Nitric oxide has been shown to possess a broad spectrum antimicrobial effect. In this study, we investigated the effect of nitric oxide on S. AUREUS growth in whole blood...

To study whether a reduction of the endotoxin load, once a generalized inflammatory state has been established, reduces the inflammatory response and endotoxin-induced effects on circulation, hypoperfusion, and organ dysfunction. Prospective parallel-grouped placebo-controlled randomized interventional experimental study. University research unit....

Between May and December 2005, 64 multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected from patients admitted to Uppsala University Hospital. This represented a dramatic increase in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae compared to previous years. To investigate the epidemiology and to characterize the resistance mechanisms of the isolates, a...

To study endotoxin release from two strains of Escherichia coli after exposure to two repeated doses of cefuroxime in an in vitro kinetic model. Cefuroxime in concentrations simulating human pharmacokinetics was added to the bacterial solution with a repeated dose after 12 h. In another experiment, tobramycin was given concomitantly with the second...

The amount and time course of SpeA release from group A streptococci (GAS) was studied at different starting inoculate after exposure to different doses of penicillin, clindamycin or a combination of the 2. The release was related to the bacterial concentration and killing rate. A clinical GAS strain was exposed to benzylpenicillin, 2 and 1000 x MI...

We examined how a common therapy that includes clarithromycin affects normally colonizing Staphylococcus epidermidis. Samples from the nostrils of 5 patients receiving therapy were collected before, immediately after, 1 year after, and 4 years after treatment. From each patient and sample, S. epidermidis strains were isolated and analyzed for clari...

Newer quinolones are highly active against Legionella pneumophila. Since this pathogen is intracellular, standard in vitro susceptibility tests may not accurately predict clinical efficacy. Few models for studies of intracellular Legionella have been described. In this study, we determined the pharmacodynamic activity of moxifloxacin against intrac...

In summary, our case supports previous findings that CA-MRSA strains carrying the PVL genes can be carried asymptomatically for years, are associated with pneumonia and, in this case, bacteraemia. Also in countries with low prevalence of MRSA there are good reasons to always ask patients attending health care institutions for any previous MRSA carr...

Antibiotics used for treatment of severe bacterial infections have been shown to exert effects on the inflammatory response in addition to their antibacterial effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the biological effects of endotoxin in a porcine model could be neutralized by tobramycin, and whether tobramycin or ceftazidi...