Eustathios ChiotisIGME - Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration | IGME · Department of Geology
Eustathios Chiotis
1. Mining Eng. – Metallurgist, National Technical Univ. of Athens, 1961-66. 2.M.Sc. and D.I.C.on Mineral Exploration. 3. M.Sc. and D.I.C. on Petroleum Engineering. 4. Ph. D., National Technical University of Athens, 1990.
About
50
Publications
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Introduction
At various scientific and administrative positions with:
i) Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (1969-1977 and 1988-2007), Director of Mineral Resources Evaluation and
ii) Public Petroleum Corporation of Greece (1978-1987), Director of Geophysics.
Retired since Jan. 2008; active in the field of Archaeometry with special interests on Palaeolithic artifacts and sediments, water supply in antiquity and climate changes in the Holocene.
Skills and Expertise
Additional affiliations
January 1973 - June 1980
Position
- Lecturer
Description
- Assistant to Professors C. Tsoutrellis and Kyriakoulis Zachos
January 1969 - December 2007
Publications
Publications (50)
According to the new proposed model, in addition to the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to land-use change and fossil fuel burning, significant emissions of CO2 are released from the ocean at sites of upwelling currents, which connect the global overturning circulation with the sea surface, as exemplified by the upwelling currents along the...
Pythagoras' life, teaching and contribution in science and philosophy has been transfigured by legend, which hardly can be separated. Tracing his fingerprints of mathematical nature is attempted here, based on evidence from great technical works and temples accomplished during his time in Samos and Magna Graecia. The application of the Pythagorean...
Although global warming is not overlooked as an anthropogenic climate change, this book is focused on natural climate changes and their environmental and societal implications in the last ten thousand years.
The motivation for this collective work originated in the impressive scientific progress in climate sciences, in the evaluation techniques of...
This book presents the major engineering achievements in underground aqueducts from around the world and throughout history. It provides valuable insights into water technologies and management with respect to durability, adaptability to the environment, and sustainability. Comparisons of the technological underground aqueduct developments from sev...
The peninsula of Piraeus is composed of the Mounichia Hill and the rocky Akti, connected through the NE-SW trending isthmus between the Kantharos and Zea harbors (Figure 1a). The great geomorphological advantage of the peninsula is its natural and safe harbors – Kantharos with the innermost Kophos Port, Zea and Mounichia – at a reasonable distance...
Polycrates' extended reign and a recently discovered extension of the distribution sector of the aqueduct prompted this review of the design and tunnelling of the Eupalinos' aqueduct. Both aqueducts, the Archaic and Roman, cross an a uent area of the upper city, located less than 10 m below the level of the water source, a condition critical for th...
Title:Length units, proportions, and modularity in Minoan and Mycenaean architecture: a secure way out of the labyrinth of linear, volume and weight measures.
A metrological study of linear, volumetric and mass measurements is presented based on published studies of architectural monuments, the volumetric capacity of vases, marble block dimensions...
On the basis of reliable bottom-hole temperature measurements from deep oil wells in Greece the evaluation of static formation temperature and heat flow is accomplished. Two different methods were applied for the estimation of formation temperature with comparable results. The cooling effect of mud circulation was simulated for linear and cylindric...
Ancient marble quarries at the Pentelikon Mountain, Attica, Greece
In view of the Olympic games 2004, The Greek Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Public Works are carrying out a major project to restore parts of the Pentelikon Mountain, which due to continuous quarrying –it ended in 1976- was subjected to extensive destruction and dilapidation. The work, which regards landscaping of the slopes, requires the...
ISBN 978 1 78491 764 7 ISBN 978 1 78491 765 4 (e-Pdf)
The formation of the Nestos-Prinos basin in Northern Greece is ascribed to the NE-SW extensional tectonics, associated with the 12 Km displacement along the Kavala-Xanthi-Komotini strike-slip fault. The sedimentation was initiated during the Serravallian (?) in a small pull-apart basin when the fault displacement was impeded at the curvature at the...
Stratigraphic sections pertaining to phosphorites and black shales in Epirus are described, as well as the distribution of the most significant occurrences and paleogeography during their formation. The correlative sedimentation of radiolarites, phosphorites, and black shales during the Lower and Middle Jurassic and later at the Upper Cretaceous is...
The temperature versus depth profile is estimated at the base of the Aegean lithosphere at three areas, namely the Prinos Graben, the Cretan Sea, and Heraclion of Crete. Based on the geotherms the lithospheric thickness is also estimated.
À l’heure où la disponibilité et la gestion des ressources en eau de la planète sont au cœur des discussions internationales sur l’avenir de l’humanité, on peut s’interroger sur la manière dont les sociétés antiques ont contrôlé cet enjeu, en particulier en Méditerranée. Dans une tradition historiographique qui exalte la civilisation romaine de l’e...
The water management systems of Minoan Crete and the potential transfer of technology to Mycenaeans are examined with special emphasis on the underground hydraulic works, an objective which has received limited attention so far. By contrast, the Mycenaean surface irrigation and drainage works were the subject of the monumental research by Knauss....
The application of earth science principles and techniques to the understanding of the archaeo-logical record has become a common practice, while reducing the archaeological risk is possible by clarifying areas of archaeological potential at an early stage. Towards this scope non-invasive geophysical magnetometry surveys were carried out at the cit...
The systematic use of tools provided in Geographic Information Systems in data mapping makes easy the management of the data acquired from urban geology studies. However, the information derived concern not only the scientific society but also the local authorities and the general public. Thus, a simple way of data dissemination had to be adopted....
Comments by E.D. Chiotis
The book supplements and extends the historical evaluation of hydraulic engineering with the study of the underground aqueducts, developed in parallel with the great hydraulic civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Pakistan and China, which were based on the irrigation from rivers.
The Holocene desertification extending from...
The water management systems of Minoan Crete and the potential transfer of technology to Mycenaeans are examined with special emphasis on the underground hydraulic works, an objective which has received limited attention so far. By contrast, the Mycenaean surface irrigation and drainage works were the subject of the monumental research by Knauss....
Geological aspects of the ancient aqueducts of Athens are examined with particular emphasis on the hydrogeological and geotechnical conditions which made possible their continuous function throughout the centuries up today. In particular, the sustainability of the Hymettos and the Hadrianic aqueducts is investigated and attributed to the capture of...
Since the middle of the 19th century distinguished scholars have attempted to identify the route and the locations mentioned in Plato’s dialogue “Phaedrus”, in their philosophical peripatos along the Ilissos River in Athens.
Previous views on the subject are reconsidered, by taking into account recent archaeological evidence, ancient hydraulic wor...
The study focuses on the urban wastewater and stormwater techniques at ancient Athens and relies extensively on archaeological evidence spanning from the Classical to the Late Roman period. Torrential rainfalls represent a significant fraction of the average annual precipitation of 400 mm in Athens and this necessitates an effective drainage system...
The effect of the mid-Holocene sea level highstand is confirmed as a contributing factor in the formation of the Piraeus early island, as narrated by Strabo, roughly in the period between 6000 and 5000 years before present. Meandering of the Kifissos River resulted in the formation of oxbow lakes which can be traced on modern topographic maps as cl...
Geological aspects of the ancient aqueducts of Athens are examined with particular emphasis on the hydrogeological and geotechnical conditions which made possible their continuous function throughout the centuries up today. In particular, the sus¬tainability of the Hymettos and the Hadrianic aqueducts is investigated and attribut¬ed to the capture...
The efforts, techniques and works for water supply in ancient Athens are examined, over a period of twelve centuries from the sixth century BC up to the sixth century AD. The exploitation of local and distant water resources is investigated on the basis of archaeological data in a geological context.
The development of city-states in ancient Greec...
After the Herulian invasion in Athens, bronze smiths’ workshops were installed in the ancient Agora. A watermill was also constructed which remained in use from the third quarter of the fifth to the last quarter of the sixth century AD. Remnants discovered to the south have been attributed to another watermill.
The water was supplied by the Late Ro...
The WNW-ESE Gulf of Corinth is an active extensional basin, undergoing N-S extension and, therefore, draws the attention of the international scientific community. In this study we present a literature review of the geological studies carried out in the Gulf of Corinth, based on a variety of scientific methods. Moreover, new data from the Tyrrhenia...
The Grave Circle A, excavated in the 1876 by Schliemann, is among the most important prehistoric monuments of Greece, very well known for the rich findings and the gold masks of the royal burials dated to the 16 th century B.C. Later, in the 13 th century B.C., the graves were enclosed by upright slabs of stone, forming two concentric circles. The...
Α newly discover by the author center οf Palaeolithic settlement is described near Gythion, in Lakonia, for the first time. It is considered οf special importance for the broader area, since it constitutes the geographic link between the numerous Palaeolithic places near Areopolis in the West and Elea in the East.
Two main facies of anthropogenic s...
The specific characteristics of the Greek geothermal fields on the volcanic islands of Milos and Nisyros are described, with emphasis on the characteristics affecting well casing. Overpressure, high temperatures and highly saline brines are typical features of the Greek fields. A new treatment of the different load conditions along the casing strin...
The effective wettability of consolidated sandstone rocks has been determined using the Washburn equation by measuring the rate of imbibition of water, ethanol and their mixtures into cores and thin rectangular sections. The rocks behaved as low energy surfaces with a critical surface with a critical energy of spreading as defined by Zisman, of 28...
In the wider area of Agistron, north of Sidirokastron and near the Greek-Bulgarian borders, old underground mining works of large scale and metallurgical remains were located and studied. The extracted material was iron ore of two types, either in a primary sulfide form or limonite derived from the primary sulfides through oxidation.
Numerous galle...
The relation between the angle of slip during fault reactivation and the applied stress field is investigated through a plot of the deviatoric stress ratio vs the fault strike direction measured from σH, assuming that one of the principal stresses, σ, is vertical. This approach is applied to the North Aegean trough fault zone on the basis of neotec...
The focal depth distribution of the earthquakes in the Aegean region was studied in relation to the strength and the temperature of the lithosphere. Two significant deviations from the seismic fault models were observed. Seismic activity extends into the middle crust down to a depth of 25 km, at a corresponding temperature of about 600° C. Moreover...
An important thermal event is confirmed by vitrinite reflectivity measurements on coal samples from deep oil exploration wells in Kavala Bay and the Nestos delta, northern Greece. Only the lower depositional sequence of the Nestos Delta, to which a Middle Miocene age is attributed, has been affected. The coal bearing sediments have been heated to t...
Questions
Questions (2)
Abstract
According to the new proposed model, in addition to the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to land-use change and fossil fuel burning, significant emissions of CO2 are released from the ocean at sites of upwelling currents, which connect the global overturning circulation with the sea surface, as exemplified by the upwelling currents along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Carbon dioxide was sequestered in deep oceanic layers which were disturbed through detonations of the nuclear bomb tests early in the 1960s as confirmed by multiple time series of temperature and geochemical records. New features contributed to this article are
• the abrupt and vigorous change of the climate since about 1960, by contrast to the mild and gradual warming since the beginning of the Industrial Era, a period of adaptation after the cold Little Ice Age
• the identification of the temporal coincidence of the initiation of the severe climate change in the 1960s with the bomb tests associated with geochemical anomalies and steady temperature increase,
• the outrageous rate of CO2 emission, five times higher than similar extreme events in the geological past,
• the function of the Southern Ocean both as sink and as a source of CO2 with prevailing outgassing currently,
• the heat engine along the boundary of the Antarctica Lithospheric Plate which stimulates upwelling and causes widespread continental warming of the West Antarctic climate, confirmed since 1958.
Therefore, apart from the Greenhouse Effect, we are currently confronted with the Nuclear Bomb Effect, a much more severe likelihood. It is not argued that the Bomb Effect is a proven fact, but only that there are strong indications for it and therefore it is an emergency for the scientific community to accelerate the investigations by absolute priority, which requires significant international support.
The evidence for the climatic change predominantly is based on measurements of the temperature globally and the increase of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the oceans. The relevant data are reconsidered based on the latest results and their current interpretation. Multiple time series are correlated, including the temperature, the greenhouse gases, the isotopic values of the radiocarbon (14C) and the stable isotope 13C. Furthermore, it is suggested that field surveys and modeling applications in the latest couple of years indicate that the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctica is very likely a source of carbon dioxide from deep oceanic waters in tandem with CO2 intake at the ocean surface from the atmosphere. It is not considered a coincidence that the increase of temperature and the geochemical anomalies start simultaneously with the nuclear bomb spike, approximately in 1960, as highlighted in the following.
The temperature increase is still in the expected range of warming after the cold period of the Little Ice age from 1570 to 1900 AD in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the CO2 increase is beyond any geological record, continues, and will persist so for some time, even after zeroing the fossil fuel burning. The reason is that a proportion of the CO2 in the atmosphere comes from sequestered gases in the ocean which travel southwards along the Global Overturning Circulation to join the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, where they upwell heated by the oceanic ridge of the Antarctic Lithospheric Plate and the elevated relief of the ridge.
It is not argued that the Bomb Effect is a proven fact, but only that there are reliable indications for it and therefore it is an emergency for the scientific community to accelerate the investigations in Antarctica by absolute priority which requires international support and coordination.
I went quickly through your M.Sc. thesis. Congratulations to you and your Lab supervisors. I was impressed by the fact that your model is actually an enlargement of a neuron.
Is that intentionally designed so or accidental?
