Eugeny Yu Gusev

• Professor
• Laboratory Manager at Institute of Immunology and Physiology

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase of COVID-19. Characterized by a myriad of symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic and management challenges....

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by persistent behavioral and neurobiological alterations following trauma. Although rodent models are commonly used to study PTSD, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a promising alternative due to their genetic similarity to humans, conserved stress response...

The development of new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is associated with an increase in the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic potential of microvascular endothelium. A specific feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the post-COVID syndrome that is characterised by long-term impairment of various organs and systems. The immune pathogenesis...

Increasing evidence suggests that stroke is a systemic disease affecting multiple organs. Systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulation associated with hemorrhagic stroke, may play an important role in brain injury, its recovery, and stroke outcomes. However, it is worth of note that, from our point of view, the classical concepts about i...

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder triggered by traumatic events, leading to prolonged psychological distress and varied symptoms. Rat models have been extensively used to explore the biological, behavioral, and neurochemical underpinnings of PTSD. This review critically examines the strengths and limitatio...

Background The escalating global burden of stress and depression underscores an urgent need to unravel their complex interrelationships and underlying mechanisms. This investigation delves into the intricate dynamics between stress and depression, spotlighting the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS), which elucidates the pivotal role of cel...

Neuroinflammation during intracerebral hemorrhage is initiated by blood breakdown products in the subarachnoid space and/or brain parenchyma. In this case, neuroinflammation can cause the development of systemic inflammation. In some cases, intracerebral hemorrhage is accompanied by the appearance of the phenomenon of ineffective cerebral blood flo...

Today tuberculosis is an actual socioeconomic and biomedical problem. The first place in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is occupied by bone and joint tuberculosis, with tuberculous spondylitis dominating among its forms. The analysis of the pathogenesis of tuberculous spondylitis from the perspective of chronic systemic inflammation w...

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units. The role of systemic hyperintense inflammation (SHI) in the pathogenesis of critical complications of ICH remains a poorly understood problem. There is a specific variant of severe ICH associated with increased intracranial pres...

Introduction: This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. Objective: We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low...

This study examines an unexplored aspect of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, which is widely understood to occur via the viral spike (S) protein’s interaction with human ACE2-associated proteins. While vaccines and inhibitors targeting this mechanism are in use, they may not offer complete protection against reinfection. Hence, we investigate puta...

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-...

The aim of this Special Issue is to analyze the key patterns of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), the biology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus 2, formerly 2019-nCoV), and the characteristics of the human body’s response to the invasion of this virus [...]

Резюме. Зарегистрированный в России риамиловир (метилтионитрооксодигидротриазолотриазинид натрия, торговое название – Триазавирин) является синтетическим аналогом гуанина и препаратом прямого противовирусного действия. В настоящее время имеются противоречивые данные относительно использования риамиловира в качестве профилактического и лечебного сре...

Shocks of different origin (both septic and aseptic) be be considered clinical equivalents of systemic inflammation (SI) with following main manifestations : pronounced hypercytokinemia, other markers of systemic inflammatory response (SIR), coagulopathy, multiple organ failure (MOF), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) distress, systemic tissue a...

Abstract. The current direction of scientific research in recent years has been the study of the immunobiological properties of vitamin D. The purpose of this work was to analyze the results of oral administration of cholecalciferol in order to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was per...

The relationship between the processes of coagulation and inflammation protects the organism from potentially dangerous biological agents. However, hyperinflammation leads to an increase in the procoagulation potential, and activation of hemostasis factors maintains the inflammatory process. This phenomenon is called “immunothrombosis” or “ thrombo...

The current direction of scientific research in recent years has been the study of the immunobiological properties of vitamin D. The purpose of this work was to analyze the results of oral administration of cholecalciferol in order to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed in...

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this revie...

Background: Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is one of the main causes of maternal mortality in developed countries. The most critical AFE variants may be considered from the perspective of systemic inflammation (SI), a general pathological process that includes high levels of systemic inflammatory response, neuroendocrine system distress, microthrom...

The paper presents the analysis of acute and chronic variants of systemic inflammation (SI) as a general pathological process, analyzes the frequency of occurrence and severity of its main phenomena in various acute and chronic pathologies. Study goal: to carry out a comparative analysis of the phenomenological structure of acute and chronic varian...

Currently, there is rationale for separating the systemic manifestations of classical inflammation from systemic inflammation (SI) itself as an independent form of the general pathological process underlying the pathogenesis of the most severe acute and chronic diseases. With this aim in view, we used integral scales of acute and chronic SI (ChSI),...

The purpose of this special issue is to highlight the main problems of the COVID-19 epidemic and to outline some ways to solve these problems, including research into the biology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, general pathological and particular patterns of COVID-19 pathogenesis, acute and long-term complications of COVID-19, and evaluation of high-poten...

Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a new pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory distress-coronavirus 2. This virus mainly affects the respiratory system, but can also affect other organ systems, including musculoskeletal. In the scientific literature, there are data on pathological changes in the joints as one of the symptoms of long-te...

The issues of non-specific immunoprophylaxis in the patients with new coronavirus infection have been raised since the WHO announced the COVID-19 pandemic. According to numerous studies, the new coronavirus infection is accompanied by manifestations of anosmia and dysgeusia. The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective study of the rela...

Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA res...

The review aims to consolidate research findings on the molecular mechanisms and virulence and pathogenicity characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and their relevance to four typical stages in the development of acute viral infection. These four stages are in...

Целью настоящего исследования является адаптация русскоязычной версии шкалы на выборке медицинских работников, оказывающих медицинскую помощь в период пандемии Covid-19. Материалы и методы Процедура и выборка. К участию в исследовании были приглашены работники нескольких медицинских учреждений (Екатеринбург, Россия). Критерии включения респондентов...

Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening conditions. In ESRD, irreversible changes in the kidneys are associated with systemic changes of proinflammatory nature and dysfunctions of internal organs, skeletal muscles...

Sepsis-3 Guidelines defines sepsis as an organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. To record organ dysfunction, the SOFA/quick SOFA scales were recommended. In fact, in medical practice, sepsis is considered nothing more than a critical infection that requires intensive care. Therefore, sepsis is pathogenetically a nonhom...

The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiology, then allostasis at low-grade inflammation, and...

Ojecive. To identify the probability that systemic infl ammation (SI) would develop as a general pathological process in severe intracranial hemorrhagic stroke with and without the phenomenon of ineffective brain blood fl ow. Materials and methods. Three groups were studied: 1) 89 blood donors (controls); 2) 15 patients with severe hemorrhagic stro...

Polytrauma can be determined as a life-threatening multi-trauma, which requires for intensive care. Most patients die within the first 4 hours after polytrauma. In the later period, the main cause of death is systemic inflammation (SI), which should be distinguished from protective manifestations of posttraumatic classic inflammation − the adaptive...

Ojecive. To identify the probability that systemic infl ammation (SI) would develop as a general pathological process in severe intracranial hemorrhagic stroke with and without the phenomenon of ineffective brain blood fl ow. Materials and methods. Three groups were studied: 1) 89 blood donors (controls); 2) 15 patients with severe hemorrhagic stro...

Objective: To identify the likelihood of developing systemic inflammation (SI) as a general pathological process in severe haemorrhagic intracerebral stroke with and without the phenomenon of ineffective cerebral blood flow. Material and method: Three groups were examined: 1) 89 blood donors (controls), 2) 15 patients with severe haemorrhagic stro...

The scavenger receptors (SRs)) include > 30 different molecules structurally classified into 11 classes (A to L). They are expressed mostly on stromal macrophages, and their expression may be augmented in direct dependence with concentrations of their ligands. The SRs are heterogenous by their structure, however, being common in their functional po...

Currently, the most significant mediators of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), specific to the development of critical states in sepsis, have the chaotic changes of concentrations in the blood. The solution to the problem is using integral indicators. A scoring scale of the SIR (0-16 points) is proposed based on the determination in the blo...

Objective: To identify the likelihood of developing systemic inflammation (SI) as a general pathological process in severe haemorrhagic intracerebral stroke with and without the phenomenon of ineffective cerebral blood flow. Material and method: Three groups were examined: 1) 89 blood donors (controls), 2) 15 patients with severe haemorrhagic st...

The paper discusses the sequence of the developmental stages in the immune system and inflammation in vertebrates: the formation of classic forms of adaptive immunity and inflammation for vertebral species, the origin of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T cell–dependent variants of productive inflammation in fish; the appearance of new antibody classes...

From the viewpoint of the general pathology, most of the human diseases are associated with a limited number of pathogenic processes such as inflammation, tumor growth, thrombosis, necrosis, fibrosis, atrophy, pathological hypertrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia. The phenomenon of chronic low-grade inflammation could be attributed to non-classical fo...

We defined Systemic inflammation (SI) as a "typical, multi-syndrome, phase-specific pathological process, developing from systemic damage and characterized by the total inflammatory reactivity of endotheliocytes, plasma and blood cell factors, connective tissue and, at the final stage, by microcirculatory disorders in vital organs and tissues." The...

Systemic inflammation (SI) as a general pathological process is considered as a development of cellular stress in response to systemic action of damage factors. An Acute SI is characterized by wavelike course (a changing of activation and inhibition phases); a chronic SI is characterized by successive changing of stages of its progressive developme...

Acute sepsis (1-3 days after admission) has been compared with tertiary peritonitis, as a clinical variant of prolonged sepsis (7 to 42 days after admission). A total of 153 patients were enrolled into the study, including 112 cases of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, as assessed by SOFA score), of them thirty-one with septic shock; fatal...

Fourteen groups of patients have been investigated and divided into 2 classes. The first class included the following cohorts of patients: relatively healthy persons, age 18 to 55 yrs (n = 50); elderly persons 60 yrs old, as well as senior persons (n = 22); persons with chronic adnexitis, women in their 1st trimester of pregnancy (n = 16); climacte...

The book presents the modern data on the experimental pathology required to students to form conclusions about the general biological features of the response of living systems to damage. The problems of general pathology, the basic pathological processes and their experimental modeling, typical forms of pathology of blood system and hemostasis, al...

Theoretical and methodological approaches to description of systemic inflammation as general pathological process are discussed. It is shown, that there is a need of integration of wide range of types of researches to develop a model of systemic inflammation.

Objective. To assess the degree of chronic SI (CSI) in patients with ESRD receiving different types of renal replacement therapy. The study included the following groups: patients with ESRD receiving program hemodialysis (12 hours per week, blood samples were taken prior to dialysis session (n=42), renal transplant patients with normal allograft fu...

Systemic inflammation (SI) is a typical process integrating some phenomena such as systemic inflammatory reaction, microthrombosis, tissue alteration, distress of neuroendocrine system. Objective. To evaluate the role of SI in the development of critical pregnancy and obstetric complications. Patients and methods. The study included follow groups:...

The lecture presents modern data on systemic inflammation, as well as an original concept of its genesis. This disorder is considered a typical pathological process being fundamental to pathogenesis of the most critical states of different origin. Distinct features of “classical” and systemic inflammation are discussed, whereas the underlying immun...

Aim. To compare the course of chronic systemic inflammation during various rheumatic diseases. Methods. Examined were three groups of patients: with ankylosing spondylitis - 25 people (20 males and 5 females), with rheumatoid arthritis - 26 people (11 males and 15 females) and with systemic lupus erythematosus - 49 people (3 males and 46 females)....

Systemic Inflammation (SI) is considered as a key pathogenic base of critical states including sepsis. In our opinion, the main problem consists in absence of both of fundamental image of SI as the typical pathological process and it’s specialities as compared to “Classical” (local) inflammation. It is significant because of one or another signs of...

Objective: Cytokines play the crucial role in regulation of Systemic Inflammation (SI). The main phenomenon of SI is systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR). To definite the intensity of SIR that characterizes the innate immune mechanisms of local inflammation focus, a new coefficient – Reactivity Level (RL) had been created. Methods: Rates of IL-6,8...

The concept of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) by sepsis as well as quality of SIRS criteria, classification, and PIRO system has been a subject to analytical criticism in terms of theory of physiologic and typical pathological process. It has been disclosed SIRS can be considered only as the syndrome, that solves particular clinical...

CBA, CC57BR, C57B1/6, BALB/c, and outbred white mice were intraperitoneally or subcutaneously (C57B1/6 strain) immunized with sheep red cells in a dose optimal for the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity but subthreshold for antibody production. Seven days later the mice were reimmunized with sheep red cells in various doses subcutaneously...

The manifestation of a secondary immune response to intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection of sheep red cells in various doses was studied in CBA and C57Bl/6 mice. The parameters under study were the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and antibody production assessed from the levels of antibody-producing cells of classes M and G in the lymp...

After intraperitoneal immunization by different sheep erythrocytes doses (1 x 10(6) - 1 x 10(8)) in the spleen of CBA strain and (CBA x C57Bl/6)F1 hybrid mice short-living suppressor cells, which are able to inhibit mature IgM-but not IgG-plaque-forming cells have been revealed. The suppression degree is in direct dependency on the delayed type hyp...

The presence of the two types of immune reactivity has been shown earlier: 1st--with prevalence of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction over antibody response (in mice of C57Bl/6 strain), 2nd--with prevalence of antibody responses (in mice of CBA strain). These differences first of all have been displayed in case of using by suboptimal doses of a...

In experiments made on noninbred white mice the manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity and the number of antibody-producing cells in regional lymph nodes or the spleen were determined on day 5 after the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal immunization of the animals with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). At the same time the injection of S. aureus anti...

The effect of subcutaneous administration of 25 micrograms/kg of glucagon and 2-day fasting (as a natural model of hyperglucagonemia) on the accumulation of antibody-forming splenocytes and the expression of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) in response to intraperitoneal immunization with sheep erythrocytes at various doses were stud...

In experiments on CBA and C57BL/6 mice the generation of antibody-forming cells respectively either in the popliteal lymph nodes or spleen as well as a rate of delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTHR) on the background of subcutaneous (into foot) or intraperitoneal injection of different doses of sheep erythrocytes (from 10(4) to 10(8)) have b...

UDC 616-056.3-092.9-092:612.017.1]-07

A study was made of the effect of different doses of glucagon (0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 micrograms) on the expression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in CBA mice. DTH was induced by local administration of allogenic cells, namely mouse splenocytes F1 (CBA X C57BL/6). The suppressive effect of 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms of glucagon and 0.1 micrograms...

Experiments have shown marked immunosuppressive activity of glucagon during its injection at a dose of 0.4 micrograms for 5 days. The suppression of a primary immune response is mediated by the activation of antigen-specific T-suppressors and is not associated with an increase in insulin secretion and a glycemia value.