Eugen Rusu

• Professor
• Professor (Full) at "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati

The objective of this paper is to carry out response analyses of eight floating wind turbines and compare them together; this is something that is not seen in previous research papers. From this perspective, this paper will compare the response offset regarding the motions of the six degrees of freedom of the respective floating wind turbines. The...

This work aims to analyze the responses of eight floating wind turbines. From this perspective, this paper will compare the response offset regarding the motions of the six degrees of freedom of the respective floating wind turbines. The applied forces these analyses consider mainly come from constant wind forces applied on the wind turbines’ blade...

This research explores the optimal operation of an offshore wave-powered hydrogen system, specifically designed to supply electricity and water to a bay in Humboldt, California, USA, and also sell it with hydrogen. The system incorporates a desalination unit to provide the island with fresh water and feed the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The o...

Purpose: The paper aims to analyze the current situation of the main seaport in Romania, based on internal and external environmental factors, and to formulate potential strategies to ensure its sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: Data collection has been done by the specialists in the maritime port field (members of the National...

Green hydrogen has become a central topic in discussions about the global energy transition, seen as a promising solution for decarbonizing economies and meeting climate goals. As part of the process of decarbonization, green hydrogen can replace fossil fuels currently in use, helping to reduce emissions in sectors vital to the global economy, such...

This work aims to analyze the responses of eight floating wind turbines. From this perspective, this paper will compare the response offset regarding the motions of the six degrees of freedom of the respective floating wind turbines. The applied forces these analyses consider mainly come from constant wind forces applied on the wind turbines’ bl...

Selecting the appropriate desalination and renewable energy technologies is crucial for the success of desalination projects, as each technology offers distinct advantages and disadvantages tailored to specific project requirements. This research investigates the application of both the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy logic techniques to devel...

The present work offers general information about present-day and developments in offshore renewable energy, specially of wind, wave and the solar energy harnessing structures. In the introduction, the authors raise awareness of the despite more untapped potentials that exist in the oceans and the offshore Wind Energy Market that is experiencing a...

Rusu, E.,. An assessment of the expected dynamics of the extreme storms in the Mediterranean Sea. The climate changes are obvious and they often have very strong and unexpected effects. Such features include a significant enhancement of the fre uency and intensity of extreme storms, particularly in the marine environment where the wind blows withou...

The aim of this article is to assess the renewable energy potential (solar and wind) of some representative water bodies for the southern part of Romania, more precisely the lakes Izbiceni, Razim, and Frasinet. As a first step, based on 20 years of ERA5 data (January 2003-December 2022), the monthly average distribution of some important parameters...

The objective of this work is to analyze the responses of eight floating wind turbines. From this perspective, this paper will compare the response offset regarding the motions of the six degrees of freedom of the respective floating wind turbines. The applied forces these analyses consider mainly come from constant wind forces applied on the wind...

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms within control structures are a realistic approach; their task is often to predict the optimal control values working with a process model (PM). Owing to numerous numerical integrations of the PM, there is a big computational effort that leads to a large controller execution time. The main motivation of...

Some optimal control problems need metaheuristics in searching for the optimal solution, especially when the process has certain characteristics like the Photobioreactor for Algae Growth (distributed parameter, nonlinearities, etc.). Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms within control structures are a realistic approach; their task is often...

The entrance in the Sulina channel in the Black Sea is the target area of this study. This represents the southern gate of the seventh Pan-European transport corridor, and it is usually subjected to high navigation traffic. The main objective of the work is to provide a more comprehensive picture concerning the past and future expected dynamics of...

The changes in the Earth’s climate have become more obvious in the last few decades, and research in recent years has indicated more severe impacts than initially expected [...]

The world is targeting 100% renewable power generation by 2050 through different technologies such as wind turbine, tidal energy systems, waves converters, biomass technologies and photovoltaics. The Oceans and seas are considered as the best locations for establishing new sustainable energy technologies without reducing the available spaces of agr...

The target area of the present study is the entrance to the Sulina channel in the Black Sea, the zero-kilometer of the Danube River. This represents the southern gate of the seventh Pan-European transport corridor and is subjected to high navigation traffic. The coastal environment at the Danube’s mouth is very often subjected to strong environment...

The chapter presents an evaluation on long-term range of the wind energy availability in existing Romanian wind farms. The necessity of increasing the renewable energy sources in the global energy portfolio of Romania leads to the development of several wind farms around the country. Although these farms’ establishment is based on some previous ass...

This chapter aims to analyze the evolution of electricity prices in Europe over the last 5 years. Several databases were used for this study to check the accuracy of the information. Considering the differences in electricity prices in Europe, several countries using different sources of raw materials to produce electricity were analyzed. It can be...

The aim of the present work is to describe a computational platform (CSIAM – Computational System for Impact Assessment of the Marine energy farms) that can easily be implemented to identify the expected coastal impact of a particular marine energy farm. Several case studies are discussed in order to present the versatility of this tool, including...

The European offshore wind industry is one of the most competitive energy sectors. This is continuously expanding, being expected to provide the support for the development of some other renewables, such as wave energy. Motivated by this aspect, the aim of the present work is to assess the performances of some commercial wave energy converters for...

Floating wind is becoming an essential part of renewable energy, and so highlighting perspectives of developing floating wind platforms is very important. In this paper, we focus on floating wind concepts and projects around the world, which will show the reader what is going on with the projects globally, and will also provide insight into the con...

Floating wind is becoming an essential part of renewable energy, and so highlighting perspectives of developing floating wind platforms is very important. In this paper, we focus on floating wind concepts and projects around the world, which will show the reader what is going on with the projects globally, and will also provide insight into the con...

Shallow water bathymetry is a topic of significant interest in various fields, including civil construction, port monitoring, and military operations. This study presents several methods for assessing shallow water bathymetry using maritime uncrewed systems (MUSs) integrated with advanced and innovative sensors such as Light Detection and Ranging (...

Floating wind is becoming an essential part in terms of renewable energy. Therefore, highlighting the perspectives in developing the floating wind platforms is very important. In this paper, we focus on floating wind concepts and projects around the world. This will give a taste to the reader about what is going on in terms of the projects around t...

In recent years, there has been a large amount of waste heat released into the environment, such as exhaust gases from turbines and internal combustion engines, waste heat from industrial facilities, which lead to environmental pollution. In addition, there are also abundant solar and geothermal energy resources. These heat sources are classified a...

It is certain that the green road toward a low-carbon future represents the most reliable development model for society. In this context, in 2019 the European Green Deal was publically released. This is a programmatic document designing the most important pillars of the near future development in the European Union. On this green road, offshore ren...

The aim of this work is to provide some details regarding the energy potential of the local wind and solar resources near the Galati area (south-east of Romania) by considering the performances of a few recent technologies. Based on 22 years of ERA5 data (2001–2022), a picture concerning the renewable energy resources in the Brates Lake area is pro...

The topic “Marine Renewable Energy” brings together four MDPI journals, Energies, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Inventions, and Processes, with 51 papers published. The present reprint includes a selection of 26 significant scientific works structured into three main subjects: S1 - wind turbines, including both fix and floating structu...

The objective of this present work is to provide a more comprehensive picture of the wind conditions corresponding to some important European marine energy sites by considering both historical (1979–2020) and climatological data (2021–2100). As a first step, the wind energy profile of each site is assessed using some statistical methods (e.g., Weib...

The aim of this article is to assess the renewable energy potential (solar and wind) of some representative water bodies for the southern part of Romania, more precisely the lakes Izbiceni, Razim, and Frasinet. As a first step, based on 20 years of ERA5 data (January 2003-December 2022), the monthly average distribution of some important parameters...

The paper presents the possibility of floating photovoltaic farms on the reservoirs of the Olt river in Romania. For the analysis, a database with the solar irradiance evolution for one year in the four possible locations was created, using the PVGIS-SARAH2 database. The locations were chosen according to the surface area of the reservoir, geograph...

The higher dynamics of the climate change becomes obvious in the last decades and there is enough evidence that the accelerated economic development of the last century, and especially the high energy demand and production, influences this dynamics. In this context, the European Green Deal draws an ambitious roadmap towards a low carbon future and...

The introductory part of the article presents the regulatory framework from Romania and European Union regarding photovoltaic systems implementation. Then, the paper displays aspects of the on-grid and off-grid photovoltaic systems, their general arrangements, costs, advantages, and disadvantages. The article is concluded with a comparative efficie...

The paper figures out the peculiarities of the maritime learning system considering the actual challenges and requirements of both merchant and naval seafarer professions with risks of accidents, war or conflict zones, sea deriving mines, robbery, and piracy with their plethora of negative intricacies on seafarers life and impacting the life and we...

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of how electricity is produced from different sources and the electricity needs of the consumer. According to the Green Deal pact, the objective is to gradually reduce polluting emissions in the energy sector by 2050. In the meantime, the CO2 intensive thermal power plants (those using co...

Renewable and distributed energy generation includes wind turbines, fuel cells, solar cells, and batteries. These distributed energy sources need special power converters in order to connect them to the grid and make the generated power available for public use. Solar energy is the most readily available energy source; hence, if utilized properly,...

As the global dependence on offshore energy resources expands, the utilization of maritime unmanned systems (MUS) emerges as a promising strategy for protecting and monitoring susceptible offshore platforms. This poster shows the escalating requirement for offshore energy, the vulnerability of these platforms to potential assaults, and the constrai...

Workshop on the topic - Marine Renewable Energy and the Transition to a Low Carbon Future

The work presented is related to the MDPI topic Marine Renewable Energy, which joins the journals Energies, Processes, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering and Inventions. The main objective of this work is to define the role of the Marine Renewable Energy in defining the green road to a low carbon future. In the introduction, a discussion abo...

An obvious dynamics of the climate is noticed in the last decades and the marine environment is very sensitive to these changes. In this context, the objective of the present work is to provide a more comprehensive picture concerning the past and future expected dynamics of the wind climate in the European coastal environment. For the 40-year past...

The world is targeting fully sustainable electricity by 2050. Energy storage systems have the biggest role to play in the 100% renewable energy scenario. This paper presents an optimal method for energy storage sizing and allocation in a power system including a share of wind farms. The power system, which is used as a test system, is a modified ve...

The offshore wind industry has already a spectacular development in the north of Europe. Baltic Sea is the place where in 1991 the first wind project was and around 60 wind projects are currently operational in the Baltic and North Seas. According to the European Green Deal, a 25 times increase of the operational capacity related to offshore wind i...

This editorial note is dedicated to the 10th Scientific Conference which was held on June 2022 in Galati, Romania, and was organized by the Council of Doctoral Schools of the “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG). The papers in this Special Issue, which reflect the sectional talks exhibited at the SCDS-UDJG, originate from a relatively...

The aim of the present work is to describe a computational platform (CSIAM-Computational System for Impact Assessment of the Marine energy farms) that can easily be implemented to identify the expected coastal impact of a particular marine energy farm. Several case studies are discussed in order to present the versatility of this tool, including co...

The European offshore wind industry is one of the most competitive energy sectors. This is continuously expanding, being expected to provide the support for the development of some other renewables, such as wave energy. Motivated by this aspect, the aim of the present work is to assess the performances of some commercial wave energy converters for...

This paper aims to analyse the evolution of electricity prices in Europe over the last five years. Several databases were used for this study to check the accuracy of the information. Considering the differences in electricity prices in Europe, several countries using different sources of raw materials to produce electricity were analysed. It can b...

The paper presents an evaluation on long-term range of the wind energy availability in existing Romanian wind farms. The necessity of increasing the renewable energy sources in the global energy portfolio of the Romania leads to the development of several wind farms around the country. Although these farms' establishment is based on some previous a...

Maritime unmanned systems (MUS) have gained widespread usage in a diverse range of hydrographic survey activities, including harbor/port surveys, beach and coastline monitoring, environmental assessment, and military operations. The present article explains a validated, rapid, and reliable technique for processing hydrographic data that was obtaine...

The main target of this work is to carry out an analysis of the most credible scenarios concerning the expected dynamics of the wind climate along the 21st century in the Black Sea basin. The data provided by the RCA4 climate wind model were processed and analysed. Three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios are considered....

The objective of the present work was to perform a 30-year analysis of some significant meteorological and hydrological processes along the Lower Danube. This was motivated by the fact that, due to the effects of climate change, the global configuration of the environmental matrix has suffered visible transformations in many places. Another importa...

This paper presents a CNFET (Carbon Nano-tube FET) based MT (Multi-Threshold)-SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) design based on the leakage reduction mechanism. A multi-threshold logic is employed for reducing the leakage current during read/write operations. Here, the multi-threshold technique is used to insert the high threshold sleep control to...

The increased availability of solar energy potential, especially in southern latitudes as in the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea regions, constitutes a strong motivation for the design and development of floating offshore solar energy platforms suitable for deployment and operation in the sea environment. In this work, a boundary element metho...

The climate change effects become more visible in the last decades. Despite some opinions related to the cyclic evolution of the climate it looks more probable that this dynamics is driven in a significant way by the human activities and especially by the high industrial development of the recent years. Since the energy sector is responsible for mo...

The present study aims to outline a general overview of the wind energy potential along the Romanian coast of the Black Sea, using the weather data provided by the Maritime Hydrographic Directorate covering a 13-year time interval (2009–2021). The data obtained from seven automatic weather coastal stations distributed along the Romanian perimeter w...

This Special Issue of the Invention journal includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dun˘area de Jos” University of Gala¸ti, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together persp...

A hybrid microgrid system is modelled using HOMER-Pro software for real-time load data and available energy sources at Elapakkam village under Ramapuram substation, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Optimization approaches are applied for the selection of rating of the physical components, including solar PV systems, diesel generators, storage batter...

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the development of the modern low-speed marine two-stroke diesel engine from the point of view of the technical water cooling plant, taking into account and starting from the market requirements for power and speed, with information and design options relevant to the entire shipping industry. T...

Execution time is an important topic when using metaheuristic-based optimization algorithms within control structures. This is the case with Receding Horizon Control, whose controller makes predictions based on a metaheuristic algorithm. Because the closed loop’s main time constraint is that the controller’s run time must be smaller than the sampli...

The present study's main purpose is to concisely outline a general overview of the main activities which took place in the maritime field in recent years, not only at a global level but also in a specific area-the Black Sea, using the data and information from international and national publications, such as Review of Maritime Transport 2021-UNCTAD...

The Portuguese nearshore represents a suitable environment for the development of marine energy farms, with recent progress being related to the implementation of the first commercial wave farm or a large scale floating wind project. At the same time, there is also high solar power in this area that can be extracted; in the near future, the rapid d...

The aim of the present work is to provide a general picture of the adverse weather conditions corresponding to the sites from the European coastal environment where various offshore projects are developed. In the first part of the work, the ERA5 wind and wave data (24 values per day) are processed in order to obtain the time series that cover the 1...

The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the benefits that may occur from the implementation of some offshore wind projects in the island environments from the Mediterranean Sea. This takes into account the fact that in the Mediterranean Sea there are many relatively densely populated islands As a first step, the wind spe...

In order to obtain the most efficient solution in harvesting offshore wind energy, the converting devices must be located in places where the wind provides enough power, according to the used device specifications and, as possible, with constant value during turbine lifetime. On the other hand, the device must be chosen for a specific place-imposed...

The climate dynamics noticed in the last decades indicates without any doubt that climate change is a reality and that the global configuration of the environmental matrix might suffer in the future significant modifications. This evolution raises serious concerns from both the scientific community and the international environmental organizations....

The world is targeting 100% renewable power generation by 2050 through different technologies such as wind turbine, tidal energy systems, waves converters, biomass technologies and photovoltaics. The Oceans and seas are considered as the best locations for establishing new sustainable energy technologies without reducing the available spaces of agr...

The objective of the proposed presentation is to discuss on the perspectives of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) extraction in the European coastal environment. From this perspective, a discussion on the most significant climate change scenarios is first employed, highlighting the relationship between the two concepts RCP and SSP. Thus, RCP stands...

The aim of the work is to analyse the impact of the intake valve design on the cold flow of internal combustion engines. Two shrouded intake valves and one basic intake valve were used for the analysis. Tests have been carried out for a wide range of speeds. The two models of shrouded valves use different concepts, and to increase swirl and tumble...

The paper aims at CFD analysis of engine cold flow when swirl flaps are used. The CFD analysis was performed using a RANS-RNG turbulence model to predict the evolution of engine cold flow at different engine speeds for two operating conditions with swirl flaps and without swirl flaps. The results show that swirl flaps can increase the average turbu...

The safety of maritime transport in the vicinity of the coast or in the seaport area requires special attention due to its damaging effects on the marine environment. Disruption of underwater food chains, emissions of harmful gases, underwater noise, oil or oil products spillage, alteration of hydrographic conditions, and waste disposal are some of...

REP(MUS) 21 is an annual exercise jointly organised by the Portuguese Navy, the University of Porto, NATO’s Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) and the NATO Maritime Unmanned Systems Initiative. The exercise gives Allies and NATO partners a chance to field and evaluate new maritime technologies. A Rapid Environmental Assessment...

Abstract: The study aіms to address іssues related to the constructіon of shіps specіalіzіng іn the transport of lіquefіed natural gas or oіl tankers. Thіs type of shіp has had and stіll has a dynamіc іn іts operatіon, and іt іs more and more іntense, due to the growіng energy needs especіally іn the hіghly developed economіes of the world. The num...

Abstract: The article presents an in-depth analysis of the most significant accident ever in Constanta harbour using a method that goes beyond the chain of events that trigger an accident. In the introductory part, the authors present the features of the Black Sea basin, highlighting the eventual dangers to the ship's safety. Then the work presents...

Abstract: In December 2019, the first official European Green Deal document was released, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions gradually by 2050, when the carbon neutrality target should be reached. The aim of the paper is to analyse the possibility of implementing solar farms in Romania with particular interest for the nearshore area of t...

In spite of the tremendous advances in computing power and continuous improvements in simulation software made in recent decades, the accurate estimation of wind turbine performance using numerical methods remains challenging. Wind turbine aerodynamics, especially when operating outside of the design envelope, is highly complex: blade stall, lamina...

Frequency and voltage deviations are two main problems in microgrids, especially with the increase in the penetration level of renewable energies. This paper presents novel techniques to apply combined the load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation of two interconnected microgrids. The two microgrids are operated by solar energy and bi...

In recent decades, it has become quite clear that the dynamics of the environmental matrix have been subjected to notable changes. Although there are opinions that this might be mainly due to a cyclic evolution of the climate, there is increasing evidence that human activities significantly influenced recent climate dynamics. Taking into account th...

In the context of the European Green Deal implementation, it is expected that there will be an increase in number of the wind farms located near the coastal areas in order to support this initiative. The Black Sea represents an important source of wind energy, and as a consequence, in the present work the regional wind resources (onshore and offsho...

Schimbările climatice devin tot mai evidente în ultimele decenii şi în acest context preocuparea comunităţii internaţionale pentru a evalua şi contracara efectele acestora a crescut continuu. Astfel, în anul 2014 a fost introdus conceptul de Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) iar în anul 2021 se introduce alături de RCP conceptul de Shared...

This paper analyses the context of security in the Black Sea basin area and its connections with the strategic, military, and economic aims of the main factors contributing to the region's stability and security. The work debuted with some geographical and physical features of the maritime basin, switching the analysis to security actors. The artic...

The Robotic Experimentation Prototyping augmented by Maritime Unmanned Systems (REPMUS) exercise is an experimentation event designed to allow, on an annual basis, a large-scale opportunity. Operational Communities are working together with Academia and Industry to develop and evaluate future concepts and assess state-of-the-art technology, proced...

The climate dynamics noticed in the last decades indicates obvious changes and from this perspective various climate scenarios covering the entire 21 st century have been designed along the time. In this context, in 2014 the concept of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) has been defined by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPC...

The objective of this work is to review offshore wind structures. From this perspective, this paper focuses on offshore wind turbine construction and the current technology of welding automation, especially for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. The aim is to compare the wide range of offshore wind turbines, both bottom fixed including monopiles...

The objective of the present work is to analyse the expected dynamics of the wind power in the North Sea until the end of the twenty-first century. From this perspective, the proposed study is focused on the assessment of the average and extreme conditions, considering two future time windows. These are near future, represented by the 40-year time...

The general motivation of our work is to meet the main time constraint when implementing a control loop: the Controller’s execution time is less than the sampling period. This paper proposes a practical method to diminish the computational complexity of the controllers using predictions based on the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA). It is the case of Mo...

The presentation proposed is first focused on describing the most relevant climate scenarios designed in the framework of the Fifth and Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6) and especially on the expected dynamics of the marine and coastal environments. The CMIP data underpin the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5...

Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is abundant, and there are large spaces in both offshore and coastal environments that can be considered for harvesting various kinds of marine energy. The effects of climate change have become obvious, and a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions represents an issue of highly increasing importance. From this perspective,...

The work presented is related to the MDPI topic Marine Renewable Energy, which joins the journals Energies, Processes, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering and Inventions. The main objective of this work is to define the role of the Marine Renewable Energy in defining the green road to a low carbon future. In the introduction, a discussion abo...

Considering that in the Mediterranean Sea there is a quite defined numerous numbers of relatively densely populated islands, the aim of this work is to provide a more complete picture of the benefits that may occur from the implementation of some offshore wind projects in such island environments. As a first step, the wind speed fields (at 100 m he...

The aim of the present work is to provide a general picture of the adverse weather conditions corresponding to the sites from the European coastal environment where various offshore projects are developed. In the first part of the work, the ERA5 wind and wave data (24 values per day) are processed, in order to obtain the time series that cover the...

This article introduces a three-phase capacitor clamped inverter with inherent boost capability by relocating the filter components from the AC side to the configuration’s midpoint. This topology has several distinguishing characteristics, including: (a) low component count; (b) high DC-AC gain; (c) decreased capacitor voltage stresses; (d) improve...