Eugen Rusu

Universitatea Dunarea de Jos Galati | UGAL · Department of Applied Mechanics

The increased availability of solar energy potential, especially in southern latitudes as in the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea regions, constitutes a strong motivation for the design and development of floating offshore solar energy platforms suitable for deployment and operation in the sea environment. In this work, a boundary element metho...

While the land is almost saturated as regards renewable energy extraction, there are large spaces in the marine environment and it is available a huge green energy potential. From this perspective, special attention is paid to Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE). While offshore energy is used to refer to all sources of energy that can be extracted from...

The climate change effects become more visible in the last decades. Despite some opinions related to the cyclic evolution of the climate it looks more probable that this dynamics is driven in a significant way by the human activities and especially by the high industrial development of the recent years. Since the energy sector is responsible for mo...

The present study aims to outline a general overview of the wind energy potential along the Romanian coast of the Black Sea, using the weather data provided by the Maritime Hydrographic Directorate covering a 13-year time interval (2009-2021). The data obtained from seven automatic weather coastal stations distributed along the Romanian perimeter w...

This Special Issue of the Invention journal includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dun˘area de Jos” University of Gala¸ti, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together persp...

A hybrid microgrid system is modelled using HOMER-Pro software for real-time load data and available energy sources at Elapakkam village under Ramapuram substation, Kanchipu-ram, Tamil Nadu, India. Optimization approaches are applied for the selection of rating of the physical components, including solar PV systems, diesel generators, storage batte...

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the development of the modern low-speed marine two-stroke diesel engine from the point of view of the technical water cooling plant, taking into account and starting from the market requirements for power and speed, with information and design options relevant to the entire shipping industry. T...

Execution time is an important topic when using metaheuristic-based optimization algorithms within control structures. This is the case with Receding Horizon Control, whose controller makes predictions based on a metaheuristic algorithm. Because the closed loop's main time constraint is that the controller's run time must be smaller than the sampli...

The present study's main purpose is to concisely outline a general overview of the main activities which took place in the maritime field in recent years, not only at a global level but also in a specific area-the Black Sea, using the data and information from international and national publications, such as Review of Maritime Transport 2021-UNCTAD...

The Portuguese nearshore represents a suitable environment for the development of marine energy farms, with recent progress being related to the implementation of the first commercial wave farm or a large scale floating wind project. At the same time, there is also high solar power in this area that can be extracted; in the near future, the rapid d...

The aim of the present work is to provide a general picture of the adverse weather conditions corresponding to the sites from the European coastal environment where various offshore projects are developed. In the first part of the work, the ERA5 wind and wave data (24 values per day) are processed in order to obtain the time series that cover the 1...

The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the benefits that may occur from the implementation of some offshore wind projects in the island environments from the Mediterranean Sea. This takes into account the fact that in the Mediterranean Sea there are many relatively densely populated islands As a first step, the wind spe...

In order to obtain the most efficient solution in harvesting offshore wind energy, the converting devices must be located in places where the wind provides enough power, according to the used device specifications and, as possible, with constant value during turbine lifetime. On the other hand, the device must be chosen for a specific place-imposed...

The climate dynamics noticed in the last decades indicates without any doubt that climate change is a reality and that the global configuration of the environmental matrix might suffer in the future significant modifications. This evolution raises serious concerns from both the scientific community and the international environmental organizations....

The world is targeting 100% renewable power generation by 2050 through different technologies such as wind turbine, tidal energy systems, waves converters, biomass technologies and photovoltaics. The Oceans and seas are considered as the best locations for establishing new sustainable energy technologies without reducing the available spaces of agr...

The objective of the proposed presentation is to discuss on the perspectives of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) extraction in the European coastal environment. From this perspective, a discussion on the most significant climate change scenarios is first employed, highlighting the relationship between the two concepts RCP and SSP. Thus, RCP stands...

The aim of the work is to analyse the impact of the intake valve design on the cold flow of internal combustion engines. Two shrouded intake valves and one basic intake valve were used for the analysis. Tests have been carried out for a wide range of speeds. The two models of shrouded valves use different concepts, and to increase swirl and tumble...

The paper aims at CFD analysis of engine cold flow when swirl flaps are used. The CFD analysis was performed using a RANS-RNG turbulence model to predict the evolution of engine cold flow at different engine speeds for two operating conditions with swirl flaps and without swirl flaps. The results show that swirl flaps can increase the average turbu...

The safety of maritime transport in the vicinity of the coast or in the seaport area requires special attention due to its damaging effects on the marine environment. Disruption of underwater food chains, emissions of harmful gases, underwater noise, oil or oil products spillage, alteration of hydrographic conditions, and waste disposal are some of...

REP(MUS) 21 is an annual exercise jointly organised by the Portuguese Navy, the University of Porto, NATO’s Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) and the NATO Maritime Unmanned Systems Initiative. The exercise gives Allies and NATO partners a chance to field and evaluate new maritime technologies. A Rapid Environmental Assessment...

Abstract: The study aіms to address іssues related to the constructіon of shіps specіalіzіng іn the transport of lіquefіed natural gas or oіl tankers. Thіs type of shіp has had and stіll has a dynamіc іn іts operatіon, and іt іs more and more іntense, due to the growіng energy needs especіally іn the hіghly developed economіes of the world. The num...

Abstract: The article presents an in-depth analysis of the most significant accident ever in Constanta harbour using a method that goes beyond the chain of events that trigger an accident. In the introductory part, the authors present the features of the Black Sea basin, highlighting the eventual dangers to the ship's safety. Then the work presents...

Abstract: In December 2019, the first official European Green Deal document was released, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions gradually by 2050, when the carbon neutrality target should be reached. The aim of the paper is to analyse the possibility of implementing solar farms in Romania with particular interest for the nearshore area of t...

In spite of the tremendous advances in computing power and continuous improvements in simulation software made in recent decades, the accurate estimation of wind turbine performance using numerical methods remains challenging. Wind turbine aerodynamics, especially when operating outside of the design envelope, is highly complex: blade stall, lamina...

Frequency and voltage deviations are two main problems in microgrids, especially with the increase in the penetration level of renewable energies. This paper presents novel techniques to apply combined the load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation of two interconnected microgrids. The two microgrids are operated by solar energy and bi...

In recent decades, it has become quite clear that the dynamics of the environmental matrix have been subjected to notable changes. Although there are opinions that this might be mainly due to a cyclic evolution of the climate, there is increasing evidence that human activities significantly influenced recent climate dynamics. Taking into account th...

In the context of the European Green Deal implementation, it is expected that there will be an increase in number of the wind farms located near the coastal areas in order to support this initiative. The Black Sea represents an important source of wind energy, and as a consequence, in the present work the regional wind resources (onshore and offsho...

Schimbările climatice devin tot mai evidente în ultimele decenii şi în acest context preocuparea comunităţii internaţionale pentru a evalua şi contracara efectele acestora a crescut continuu. Astfel, în anul 2014 a fost introdus conceptul de Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) iar în anul 2021 se introduce alături de RCP conceptul de Shared...

This paper analyses the context of security in the Black Sea basin area and its connections with the strategic, military, and economic aims of the main factors contributing to the region's stability and security. The work debuted with some geographical and physical features of the maritime basin, switching the analysis to security actors. The artic...

The Robotic Experimentation Prototyping augmented by Maritime Unmanned Systems (REPMUS) exercise is an experimentation event designed to allow, on an annual basis, a large-scale opportunity. Operational Communities are working together with Academia and Industry to develop and evaluate future concepts and assess state-of-the-art technology, proced...

The climate dynamics noticed in the last decades indicates obvious changes and from this perspective various climate scenarios covering the entire 21 st century have been designed along the time. In this context, in 2014 the concept of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) has been defined by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPC...

The objective of this work is to review offshore wind structures. From this perspective, this paper focuses on offshore wind turbine construction and the current technology of welding automation, especially for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. The aim is to compare the wide range of offshore wind turbines, both bottom fixed including monopiles...

The objective of the present work is to analyse the expected dynamics of the wind power in the North Sea until the end of the twenty-first century. From this perspective, the proposed study is focused on the assessment of the average and extreme conditions, considering two future time windows. These are near future, represented by the 40-year time...

The general motivation of our work is to meet the main time constraint when implementing a control loop: the Controller’s execution time is less than the sampling period. This paper proposes a practical method to diminish the computational complexity of the controllers using predictions based on the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA). It is the case of Mo...

The presentation proposed is first focused on describing the most relevant climate scenarios designed in the framework of the Fifth and Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6) and especially on the expected dynamics of the marine and coastal environments. The CMIP data underpin the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5...

Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is abundant, and there are large spaces in both offshore and coastal environments that can be considered for harvesting various kinds of marine energy. The effects of climate change have become obvious, and a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions represents an issue of highly increasing importance. From this perspective,...

The work presented is related to the MDPI topic Marine Renewable Energy, which joins the journals Energies, Processes, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering and Inventions. The main objective of this work is to define the role of the Marine Renewable Energy in defining the green road to a low carbon future. In the introduction, a discussion abo...

Considering that in the Mediterranean Sea there is a quite defined numerous numbers of relatively densely populated islands, the aim of this work is to provide a more complete picture of the benefits that may occur from the implementation of some offshore wind projects in such island environments. As a first step, the wind speed fields (at 100 m he...

The aim of the present work is to provide a general picture of the adverse weather conditions corresponding to the sites from the European coastal environment where various offshore projects are developed. In the first part of the work, the ERA5 wind and wave data (24 values per day) are processed, in order to obtain the time series that cover the...

This article introduces a three-phase capacitor clamped inverter with inherent boost capability by relocating the filter components from the AC side to the configuration’s midpoint. This topology has several distinguishing characteristics, including: (a) low component count; (b) high DCAC gain; (c) decreased capacitor voltage stresses; (d) improved...

Based on the fact that the wind speed tends to increase as we go from onshore to offshore, the aim of this work is to perform an analysis of a Romanian coastal sector located near the Danube Delta. Over the course of 20 years (2001-2020), in situ observations and reanalysis data (ERA5 and MERRA-2) of the local wind conditions were evaluated from a...

This paper aims to provide the reader with the results of the Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) survey of the defensive historical naval minefields launched by the Romanian and German Navies on the Romanian Black Sea coast, during the Second World War. This UXO survey was carried out between 2015-2018 by the Romanian Navy's hydrographic ship "Commander Ale...

This Editorial is dedicated to the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference organized by the Doctoral Schools of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG), which was organized in June 2021 in Galati (Romania). This Special Issue consists of papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the SCDS-UDJG. Thi...

The climate change, most probably induced by anthropogenic emissions, represents a reality that has to be considered, and effective actions should be quickly designed and implemented. In this context, some expected effects on the environmental conditions until the end of the 21 st century under the most significant Representative Concentration Path...

The work's opening part presents the Black Sea's oceanographic features and the factors impacting maritime navigation in this basin. Mainly, navigation safety concerns are storms, ice fields during the wintertime, obstacles, and anthropogenic factors like confined and intense naval traffic areas or pipes, cables, and other industrial installations....

In these post COVID times, the world is going through a massive restructuring which India can use to its benefit by attracting foreign industrial investment. The major requirement is a reliable and ecofriendly electrical power source. Of late, renewable energy sources have increasingly become popular as alternative source of electricity. They can p...

The European Green Deal, released publically in December 2019, presents the European strategy for decarbonisation, according to which the European Union is assumed to be climate neutral by 2050. An important step in achieving such ambitious target is represented by a significant enhancement in extracting marine renewable energy and offshore wind, i...

Living Labs are an innovative concept that combines research, governance, and citizens, using technology and knowledge. Using design thinking techniques as a method of approach, this innovative idea builds a bridge between decision makers and stakeholders, promoting a shared vision of growth and innovation at the community level. The coastal zone i...

Journal of Marine Science represented even from the beginning an open framework dedicated to the presentation of the most significant discoveries and insights in marine science research. Taking into account the high concern of the scientific community related to the climate dynamics, on one hand, and the expected development and very ambitious targ...

A step-up for a non-isolated interleaved differential capacitor clamped boost (IDCCB) DC-DC converter is proposed in this manuscript. Because of its ability to produce high voltage gains, it is used in high-power applications. This converter's modelling and control design are applicable to any number of phases. A six-phase interleaved differential...

The metal tower, or the pylon, is one of the most important elements in the construction of a wind turbine. It has the role of supporting the entire wind turbine, and it also allows access for inspection and conducting planned maintenance and repairs. Moreover, the tower ensures support for the structure and strengthens the whole assembly. It has a...

In the present research, an overview of the wind climate on the northwestern coast of the Black Sea basin is assessed, using a total of 6 years of data (2015-2020) provided by the National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar). It is well known that the enclosed/semi-enclosed basins are complex environments and to accurately repres...

This work was carried out in the framework of the research project DREAM (Dynamics of the REsources and technological Advance in harvesting Marine renewable energy), supported by the Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding – UEFISCDI, grant number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0008.

Collecting of clean wind energy is a very actual problem in our modern world of a global warming. The most popular construction of a wind energy station uses horizontal rotor and its axis must be fixed in some certain position during work process. As better by angle we fix the rotor, as more energy will be collected, so the problem of rotor's rotat...

The European Union has emphasized the creation of an appropriate framework to optimize the internal market and inland transport waterways, and remove barriers to their wider use. Administrative barriers in the logistics of goods on the Danube waterway and its navigable tributaries constitute a significant obstacle to the efficient and sustainable u...

The European Union has emphasized the creation of an appropriate framework to optimize the internal market and inland transport waterways, and remove barriers to their wider use. Administrative barriers in the logistics of goods on the Danube waterway and its navigable tributaries constitute a significant obstacle to the efficient and sustainable u...

The phenomenon of air mass movement is caused by the uneven distribution on the earth's surface of their thermal and pressure values. The uneven distribution of pressure in the horizontal direction is due to the combined action of thermal and dynamic causes and produces a movement called wind. Air temperature differences create different densities,...

This article briefs about a smart multifunctional single-phase inverter control for a domestic solar photo voltaic (PV)-based distributed generation that can work in both a grid-connected mode and an islanded mode by making the inverter mimic the operation of a synchronous generator. The control objectives were threefold: to provide the required ac...

To date, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has drawn consideration from researchers and academicians due to the speedy improvement and the declining price of solar panels. The proficiency and dependability of a grid integrated PV system rest mainly on the power conversion unit and the proper controlling mechanism. This paper introdu...

The objective of the present work is to analyse the expected dynamics of the wind power in the North Sea until the end of the twenty-first century. From this perspective, the proposed study is focused on the assessment of the average and extreme conditions, considering two future time windows. These are, near future represented by the 40-year time...

According with the new European Regulations the supply chain sustainability became more and more challenging for the shipping companies. They must adapt their ships to respect the new regulations, but this means economic investment for environmental and social scopes? Or replacement of traditional fuel with a green one, will make the companies more...

This study is a first attempt at bridging functional data of five different wind turbines whose performances were recently researched in our studies with the framework of Burloiu, Rusu (Pre-planning for Black Sea offshore wind farms: a wind speed dataset for three Romanian coastal locations), while maintaining the overall goal of exploring the poss...

Municipal solid wastes (MSW) are, through the amount generated and energy content, one of the energy resources that can successfully contribute to covering energy consumption at local or regional level. The integration of this resource in modern energy systems can increase the penetration of renewable energy resources in energy supply. One of the m...

In this paper, a novel model based on the boundary element method (BEM) is presented for the hydrodynamic analysis of floating twin-hull structures carrying photovoltaic panels, supporting the study of wave responses and their effects on power performance in variable bathyme-try regions. The analysis is restricted to two spatial dimensions for simp...

In variable speed applications, the cycloconverter-based AC to AC power conversion technique has gained more attention among researchers and academics than the traditional rectifierinverter-based AC to AC power conversion process. The conventional rectifier-inverter-based AC to AC power conversion process has several disadvantages. It uses multi-po...

It is well known that more than 80% of globally traded goods are conveyed by maritime means of transportation. The shipping activities cannot be performed without emitting harmful gases and particles. The Black Sea basin has a consistent shipping activity accompanied by air emissions. The said basin also complicates the pollution with hydrocarbons...

Concerning the volume of goods conveyed, maritime transport is leading, and the last period proved that the trend is ascendant. Increased marine traffic leads to raised accident risks. Despite the state of the art marine technology and consistent regulations regarding navigation safety, naval accidents still occur and produce severe damage to asset...

The marine storms take place with a relatively high frequency at the Romanian Black Sea coast characterized by an active storm regime, especially in the winter times, when the reported values of wind speed at gust reach 40 m/s, producing the offshore waves high of 5-8 m and even more in the offshore area. Even the frequency of storm surges at the w...

Data analysis for multiple data source locations on the wave climate regime of the Western Black Sea Coast is significantly required in port design as well in the delineations of the sheltered conditions, various emergency situations in maritime port areas. Under the extreme wave's regime circumstances, there is a limited possibility to find certai...

The wind energy is substantially growing in the last decade, but the biggest challenge remains the prediction of the performances of the wind turbines. The increasing energy demand and climate changes forced us to commit quick decisions and to develop efficient solutions. One of the solutions can be repowering and significant changes in transmissio...

In this study, based on a relatively high resolution wind database (ERA5), an assessment of the nearshore wind conditions in the western part of the Black Sea was conducted. From the reanalysis of the wind datasets provided by the ERA5 product, significant differences between the onshore and offshore wind power were identified, with the offshore re...

The present study's primary purpose is to evaluate and provide a more comprehensive, unbiased and helpful picture of the Romanian energy potential, highlighting the emerging renewable resources. Firstly, several indices are taken into consideration to underline the Romanian energy portfolio structure. The installed capacities and the country's powe...

Marine environment represents a very important and actual topic. Water bodies cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface and even after thousands of years, scientists have yet to fully uncover their mysteries. At the same time climate, change has visible effects with a growing dynamics in the last decades and the marine environment is very s...

Climate change has visible effects with growing dynamics in the last decades [1] and it has become quite obvious that more effective measures have to be taken for achieving the transition to a low carbon society [2]. While the global energy demand is growing, an important step in reducing the CO2 emissions is represented by replacing the traditiona...

When an optimal control problem requires an important computational effort, a metaheu-ristic algorithm (MA) can be a useful approach. An MA is conceived to solve a specific optimal control problem having a characteristic objective function. This algorithm solely yields only an optimal offline solution. The desideratum to have a closed-loop implemen...

Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Const...

The general objective of the DREAM project (acronym from Dynamics of the REsources and technological Advance in harvesting Marine renewable energy - PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0008) is to enhance the efficiency of harvesting marine renewable energy in the European nearshore through hybrid technologies adapted to the dynamics of the environmental matrix...

Starting with 1991 when the first offshore wind farm (Vindeby) was installed by Denmark in the Baltic Sea; offshore wind has had a spectacular advance. If refer only to the European Union, the currently installed capacity for offshore wind is of 12GW (by the end of 2020) while very ambitious targets are set in the framework of the European Green De...

Wave energy is abundant and it has a higher density and predictability than wind or solar energy. Although there are now designed hundreds types of devices for wave energy conversion, working under various principles, there is yet no device or working principle that can be considered the best. As regards the working principles the main concepts are...

The marine energy farms, especially those based on wave energy converters can have a significant impact related to the incoming waves. Depending on the type of the device, a percentage of the wave energy is dissipated, while also processes as reflection and diffraction are transforming the incoming wave trains inducing a down wave effect. From this...