Esther Son

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Associate) at College of Staten Island

Hispanic/Latinx individuals disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to their non-Hispanic/Latinx counterparts, and little is known about IPV among college-aged Hispanic/Latinx students. This study examines the rates of IPV victimization and perpetration and their correlates among Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic White...

This study examines gender differences in cumulative abuse, measured by the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, bystander intervention outcomes and survivors' long‐term health, using student survey data from seven universities (N = 4080). By conducting chi‐squared tests, t‐tests and regression analyses, the results show that more female students...

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, and three adulthood health outcomes—perceived physical and mental health and depression—among college students. We analyzed the direct effects of a subset of ACEs including community violence, peer vic...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are early traumatic events that can have adverse long-term developmental effects on a person's health and well-being. Individuals with disabilities are at a greater risk of all types of ACEs. However, the impact of having a disability and neighbourhood context on ACEs is under-researched, and even less is known...

The study examined the effect of community environments, such as community cohesion, community safety, and community poverty, in childhood on the likelihood of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in young adulthood. The study used the cross-sectional survey data of 2,082 college students collected in 2016–2017 from six un...

This study applied Andersen's Model of Health Service Use to examine help-seeking behaviors for intimate partner violence (IPV) and predisposing, enabling, and need factors for help-seeking among college students. The sample (N = 2,719) consisted of those who experienced IPV and was recruited from six universities in the United States and one unive...

Many college students experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Although receiving help from formal and informal sources may ameliorate possible negative impacts of IPV victimization, the outcomes of help-seeking are not always positive. This study used survey data collected at six universities across the United States (U.S.) to examine gender di...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue. Almost one third of college students in the U.S. experience IPV victimization. However, existing studies have focused primarily on college students without disabilities with little to no attention to college students with disabilities. In addition, few studies have explored the pattern...

To better understand disparities between Latino and White children with autism or other developmental disabilities (ASD/DD), we examined whether Latino ethnicity predicted the number of specialty care services received by children with severe functional limitations depending on medical providers' responses to parents' initial concerns about their c...

To better understand disparities between Latino and White children with autism and/or other developmental disabilities (ASD/DD), we examined whether Latino ethnicity predicted the number of specialty care services received by children with severe functional limitations depending on medical providers' responses to parents' initial concerns about the...

There is a dearth of existing research on the treatment of reproductive cancers among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This study analyzed the 2010 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample and compared the prevalence of reproductive cancer treatment hospitalization discharges among women with...

Children with special health-care needs (CSHCNs) face notable barriers to health-care access and to receiving quality and family-centered care, despite higher health-care utilization rates. Within the population of CSHCNs, there are significant inequities in health-care quality impacting immigrants who have migrated to the United States. However, l...

Purpose To provide estimates for the prevalence of parent-reported speech-language difficulties in U.S. children, and to describe the levels of health care access and material hardship in this population. Method We tabulated descriptive and bivariate statistics using cross-sectional data from the 2007 and 2011/2012 iterations of the National Surve...

There is a dearth of information on the quality of health care for Asian American children and particularly Asian children with special health care needs (CSHCN). The goal of this article was to determine whether there were disparities in quality of health care for Asian CSHCN, whose experiences have not been studied. Data were derived from the 200...

Objective This study compared health care utilization of children with special health care needs in 2005/06 and 2009/10. Methods Using data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, this study compared the health care utilization of children with special health care needs in 2005/06 (n = 40,723) and 2009/10 (n = 40,242)....

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience a range of severity levels characterised as levels of support they need for everyday functioning. By this definition, greater levels of severity should warrant greater use of services and supports among children with ASD. In previous studies, Latino children with ASD in the USA ha...

The aim of this study was to determine if racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of provider interaction have changed between 2006 and 2010 for children with developmental disabilities and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Data from the 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs were analyzed. Results sh...

The existing research on pregnancy outcomes for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is sparse. This study analyzed the 2010 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample and compared deliveries among women with IDD (n = 340) to the general obstetric population. Women with IDD had longer hospital stays...

Presentation of study that found women with with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) had longer hospital stays and were less likely to have Caesarean section deliveries in contrast to women without these conditions. Rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were elevated among the women with IDD, across a range of measures. Women with IDD w...

The purpose of this study was to examine the risk and protective factors of peer victimization among young children with disabilities. This study analyzed data from the Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study (n = 1,130) to test a path model that included child, family, and school characteristics at Year I and peer-relation difficulties and soc...

Background:There is strong evidence that racial and ethnic minorities have worse health care and health outcomes in the United States. However, little is known about racial and ethnic disparities among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Method: Using data from the 2009/2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Car...

Rates of receipt of cervical cancer screening among women with intellectual disabilities are reported to be the worst for any population subgroup in the United States. While barriers to receipt of preventive care for this population are well-established, less is known about the determinants to care. We collected medical record data from 2006-2010 f...

There is a critical need for evidence-based health promotion interventions for women with intellectual disabilities to promote receipt of preventive health screenings including screenings for cervical and breast cancer. One intervention, Women Be Healthy, provides developmentally appropriate, hands-on, multi-modal learning specifically designed to...

We examined receipt of cervical cancer screening and determinants of screening for women with intellectual disabilities in one Southeastern state. Using medical records data from 2006 through 2010 for community-dwelling women with intellectual disabilities who were 18-65 years of age (n=163), we employed descriptive and bivariate statistics and a m...

Abstract This study examines the accuracy of self-report of cervical and breast cancer screening by women with intellectual disability (n = 155). Data from face-to-face interviews and medical records were analyzed. Total agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Total agreement bet...

There is a critical need for evidence-based health education interventions for women with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to promote receipt of preventive health screenings. Previous research has established Women Be Healthy, an 8-week classroom-style intervention designed to teach women with IDs about breast and cervical cancer screenings, as a pr...

Background/Purpose: Women with intellectual disabilities receive cervical and breast cancer screenings at markedly lower rates than their nondisabled peers, despite the proven effectiveness of both screenings in reducing women’s cancer mortality. However, existing research has relied on self- or caregiver-reported screening data, and it is unclea...

This article examines community planning and communications approaches used by mental health housing organizations in the siting process for community-based psychiatric housing. Drawing on interviews with housing administrators in 7 states, it assesses variations in the approach, content, timing, and modes of agency communications with community le...

Peer victimization is a serious social problem that can negatively affect children's psychosocial development and school adjustment, and may have lasting effects for victims. The rates of peer victimization among preschool children with disabilities, however, are unknown. This paper examines the prevalence and nature of peer victimization among chi...

Background Peer victimization is a serious social problem that can negatively affect a child's psychosocial development and school adjustment, and may have lasting effects for bullies and victims, alike. Previous studies on peer victimization have suggested that children with disabilities (CWD) are likely to be more frequent targets of peer victimi...

Using the first 3 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this article examines the prevalence and factors of domestic violence among unmarried mothers with a young child. The findings indicate that the prevalence of domestic violence for mothers increased substantially in the first 3 years after the child's birth. Findings from re...

Purpose Peer victimization, also referred to as bullying, is a serious social problem that can negatively affect children's psychosocial development and adjustment in schools, and may have lasting effects for bullies and victims, alike. Research suggests that children with disabilities are likely to be more frequent targets of peer victimization,...