Esther Salamanca

Universidad de Valladolid | UVA · Departamento de Derecho Público

During the first period of functioning, between the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1994) and the approval of the first plan of work for exploitation, the International Seabed Authority has mainly carried out regulatory functions to allow the realization of activities of prospecting and exploration of deep-s...

Desde la entrada en vigor de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar y el Acuerdo relativo a la aplicación de su Parte XI, el 16 de noviembre de 1994, la Autoridad Internacional de los Fondos Marinos se ha ocupado principalmente de la aprobación de los reglamentos para la prospección y exploración de los minerales de la Zona i...

In the last years, there has been a strong call at the United Nations for a renewed emphasis on conflict prevention and sustaining peace. The review process carried out in 2015 on peacekeeping operations and peacebuilding architecture stresses that prevention of armed conflict must be a priority for all entities across all pillars of the United Nat...

The oceans have facilitated the commerce of human beings, traded like commodities from one jurisdiction to another, and the smuggling of migrants by illegal enterprises, due to the profitability of trafficking in person. Despite the gravity of the problem, the question of forced migration by sea was neither examined by the Law of the Sea nor by Mar...

Combating human trafficking and smuggling at sea requires a more comprehensive and global response, that not only focuses on reinforcing border controls, but also considers ways to reduce smugglers’ profits and aims at reducing short and medium term demand for smuggling. In that sense, it seems obvious that addressing the demand for smuggling could...

The information leaked by Edward Snowden on the use by the United States and the United Kingdom of technologies that allow the indiscriminate collection of large amounts of data communications has caused great concern across Europe and has opened a debate on the impact of programmes of mass surveillance of communications on human rights. According...

In the new millenium, the scope and limits of the use of force in international relations are still the subject of strong debate. Some legal scholars and state representatives favour an expanded interpretation of the right of self-defence which includes so-called pre-emptive and anticipatory self-defence. The International Court of Justice recently...

Contiene: La explotación del patrimonio común de la humanidad: la lucha por un régimen internacional equitativo; El período transitorio: la incertidumbre sobre el futuro de la parte XI de la convención; El precio de la participación universal en la convención: la enmienda de la parte XI; Facultades y funciones de la autoridad internacional de los f...