Esam Al-Shaebi

• King Saud University

Background Malaria is a major public health problem caused by the apicomplexan Plasmodium parasite. Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most critical outcome of Plasmodium infection. It is becoming more difficult to manage, particularly in areas of multi-drug resistance. Scientists are focused on identifying alternative strategies to combat malaria infect...

Eimeria is a protozoan apicomplexan parasite that affects animals and poultries. This study investigated how temperature variations impact the inactivation of sporulated E. papillata oocysts during experimental infections in mice. A total of 20 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, with five mice in each group, as follows: Group 1: Contr...

Introduction Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease caused by Eimeria species, which multiply in the intestinal tract and lead to severe inflammatory responses. While coccidiostats are available for control, resistance to these treatments has been confirmed, underscoring the need for new eco-friendly approaches. In recent years, natural plant sources h...

Intestinal helminths are a significant cause of death every year. Many developing countries do not have access to conventional medications. Moreover, several anthelminthic drugs are associated with side effects and progressive increase in drug resistance. Currently, there is growing interest in discovering new antiparasitic agents from ethnomedicin...

Artemisia species are known for their abundance in sesquiterpene lactones and antioxidant compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids, offering potential health benefits for both humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profiling, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic activity of Artemisia judaica leaves methanolic extracts (AJLE)....

Nicotine, the most toxic factor in tobacco, can damage a wide range of biological molecules by inducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Teucrium polium Leaves extract (TPLE) against the toxic properties of nicotine in the spleen of mice. Twenty-four mice were equally divided into four groups (n = 6): norm...

Background: Coccidiosis is considered a protozoan disease affecting wild and domestic animal species which leads to economic losses. Regarding drug resistance, scientists are focused on alternative sources rather than coccidiostats with fewer side effects. Recently, nanotechnology has been a new trend against parasitic infections by manipulating at...

Background The Protozoan pathogen Eimeria is a significant issue in poultry production. Scientists are concerned with finding alternative strategies due to the spread of resistance against the commonly employed coccidiostats. This study examined how well myrrh extract (MyE) protected domesticated pigeons from an experimental Eimeria labbeana-like i...

The prevalence of Theileria spp. infecting sheep and goats were investigated in two cities and surroundings in northwest Saudi Arabia. Blood samples from 403 sheep and goats from Madina (n = 201) and Tabuk (n = 202) cities (177 from sheep and 226 from goats) were investigated. Blood samples were examined microscopically for the presence of intraery...

Background: A protozoan disease termed coccidiosis is common worldwide and affects both domestic and wild animals. New alternatives must be discovered because traditional coccidiostats are becoming less effective. More recently, nanomedicine has been a better option for treating a wide range of diseases. Objective: This study aimed to investigate...

A total of 40 fish samples of the twobar seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Sparidae), were collected from January to June 2023 in the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Fish samples were surveyed for ectoparasitic taxa. This study revealed the presence of one monogenetic species in A. bifasciatus gills. Parasitic prevalence and the mean value of inten...

In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of β‐glucuronidase by flavonoids derived from Alhagi graecorum through both experimental and computational approaches. The activity of β‐glucuronidase was assessed using an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay, where myricetin and chrysoeriol were identified as potent inhibitors based on...

Introduction Coccidiosis is a serious parasitic disease in camels caused by an intestinal protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria, which is linked to significant causes of reduced milk and meat production. In Saudi Arabia, scare literature focused on the coprological investigation of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). To determine the taxonomi...

Fish, like all other species, can be impacted by a variety of environmental conditions, including parasitic infections. Although there are several parasitological researche on ectoparasitic monogeneans, few are published on those that infect sparid fish. Forty samples of Acanthopagrus bifasciatus were collected during this study from coastal region...

For centuries, medicinal plants with abundant supplies of phytochemicals that are physiologically active have been used in traditional medicine. Numerous of these contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities that help lower the risk of numerous diseases. The illness coccidiosis affects many animals and results in huge monetary losses. Drug-r...

Introduction Tobacco use is a major global health issue linked to psychiatric illnesses and high mortality rates. Nicotine, the primary compound absorbed during smoking, causes harm to various organs, particularly the brain. The current study examined the modulatory effect of Teucrium polium extract (TPE) on nicotine-induced biochemical and histolo...

Background: Teucrium polium is an herb utilized in traditional medicine for its biological activity. In the present study, T. polium leaves ethanolic extract (TPLEE) was investigated for its effects on coccidiosis resulting from Eimeria papillata infection in mice. Methods: In vivo, TPLEE (150 mg/kg) was administered for its antioxidant and hepatop...

Fish is considered one of the nutritive protein sources affected by various parameters including parasitism. Monogeneans are an ectoparasitic species infecting fish’s skin, fins, and gills. During the present investigation, a total of 40 fish samples of the twobar seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Perciformes: Sparidae) were collected from the c...

Background Eimeria papillata is a parasitic protozoon that causes intestinal coccidiosis in mice. Due to the rise of drug-resistant strains, medicinal plants are now employed to treat parasite diseases. Purpose This study investigated the beneficial and therapeutic effects of Persea americana extract (PAE) on biological, hematology, biochemical, a...

Monogeneans are highly host-specific parasites infecting marine and freshwater fish. However, little information is available about the parasitic taxa within Heteraxinidae. An integrative study was performed to understand the taxonomic status of an unconfirmed heteraxinid marine species parasitizing the gill region of Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Spa...

Vanillin's biotransformation by CYP450 was studied, identifying aldehyde deformylation as energy-efficient pathway. Docking and MD simulations showed stable interactions with CYP2E1 and CYP1A2, suggesting potential food safety implications.

Many plants are efficient anticoccidial agents owing to their content of active chemicals. Drug‐resistant Eimeria species have emerged as a result of excessive drug use. The current work aimed to investigate the oocysticidal activity ( Eimeria papillata ) of Olea europaea stem extract (OESE) and leaf extract (OELE) in vitro . The results of gas chr...

Background: Medicinal plants that are abundant in physiologically active phytochemicals have long been used in traditional medicine. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, several of these can lower the chance of developing certain illnesses. Coccidiosis is a disease that affects many animals and results in large financial losses...

Simple Summary Coccidiosis is an infectious disease that mainly affects cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep. Its source is the genus Eimeria, which produces coccidian protozoans that cause intestinal damage to their hosts. The oral intake of eimerian oocysts, which release infectious sporozoites within the colon, is the first step in the infection p...

Background Over the last decade, extensive use of coccidiostats to treat and control Eimeria infection has developed drug resistance, prompting the search for new alternative therapies. Rhatany is proven to have various pharmacological properties. Objective The present study aimed to in vitro and in vivo evaluate the effect of Rhatany roots extrac...

Hysterothylacium species are perhaps the most abundant and diverse group of marine ascaridoids. Identification of larval stages at specific levels is very problematic. This study describes the occurrence of Hysterothylacium larvae parasitizing the peritoneal cavity and mesenteries of Saurida tumbil purchased from fish markets in Saudi Arabia. Fish...

Ectoparasites, particularly monogeneans, negatively affect fish health and growth. This study identified monogenean parasites in the twobar seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Sparidae), inhabited the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Following that, forty A. bifasciatus fish samples were visually examined for monogeneans. Parasite species were collect...

Introduction Eimeria spp. are intracellular protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa causing economic losses to various wild and domestic animals. An eimerian species infecting Columba livia domestica was identified in this study. Methods A total of 15 faecal samples were examined by floatation technique, a prevalence rate of 60% was reported...

Background: Smoking tobacco is a serious global health problem that is associated with psychiatric disorders and increased mortality rates. Nicotine, the main compound consumed during smoking, causes damage to different organs, especially the brain. The current study assessed the modulatory impact of Teucrium polium extract (TPE) on nicotine-induce...

Background: Nicotine can be consumed in many forms, the most common of which is smoking tobacco. Tobacco smoking is a global problem that negatively affects human health. Natural plants are vital antioxidants that may antagonize the toxic effects of smoking. We designed the present study to assess the protective potential of Teucrium polium extract...

Introduction Recently, the use of botanicals as an alternative to coccidiostats has been an appealing approach for controlling coccidiosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of aqueous methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) of Krameria lappacea (roots) (KLRE) against infection induced by Eimeria papillata. Methods A total...

To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate t...

Coccidiosis is a protozoan parasitic disease caused by Eimeria species and affects wild and domestic animals. Coccidiostats are currently available to control this disease, although drug resistance has been confirmed for all of them. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify eco‐friendly agents to control and treat this disease. This study a...

During screening laboratory mice (Mus musculus) at the Zoology Department of the College of Science, King Saud University, some tiny oxyurid nematodes were detected from the large intestine of these rodents. Worms were identified using morphological and morphometric description. Furthermore, DNA was extracted from worms and subjected to polymerase...

Background: Thymus daenensis is a phenol-rich species of the Thymus genus that possesses many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Methods: This study used five groups of TDLE extract (50, 100, 200 and mg/mL). Distilled water and mebendazole (10 mg/ml) were used as negative and positive controls. Five worms of similar size were placed in each...

Coccidiosis is an intestinal protozoan disease that affects the poultry industry worldwide. The severity of this disease varies depending on the identity of the infectious agents. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the Eimeria species that affect broiler chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus, through morphological and molecular phylogen...

Background: Traditional medicine has long utilized medicinal plants that contain a rich source of biologically active phytochemicals. Many of these have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the risk of many diseases. Numerous animals are afflicted by the disease coccidiosis, which causes significant economic losses. Drug a...

Coccidiosis is the most prevalent disease-causing widespread economic loss among farm and domestic animals. Currently, several drugs are available for the control of this disease but resistance has been confirmed for all of them. There is an urgent need, therefore, for the identification of new sources as alternative treatments to control coccidios...

Pigeons are a cosmopolitan group of birds with abundant and large populations associated with human activities. This study focused on determining parasitic infections within domestic pigeons ( Columba livia domestica ). Forty-eight pigeons were examined for infections, of which 29.16% were infected with a nematode parasite, identified as Hadjelia t...

Genus Eimeria is a group of obligate Protista parasites within phylum Apicomplexa that causes a major threat to animal production. Little information is available about the coccidia of pigeons. This study was undertaken to study experimental infection in domesticated pigeons, its clinical signs, and pathological interpretation due to Eimeria specie...

The effectiveness of many plants has been reported as anthelmintic and anticoccidial because they possess active compounds. Excessive use of drugs has led to the emergence of drug-resistant Eimeria species. This study was designed to evaluate anticoccidial and anthelmintic activity of Achillea fragrantissima flower extract (AFFE) and leaves extract...

A new root-knot nematode (RKN) species, Meloidogyne karsseni n. sp., associated with sweet pepper from Mexico, and a population of M. paranaensis from Guatemala, are described using data from morphological, biochemical (isozyme enzymes), molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. Meloidogyne karsseni n. sp. can be morphologically diagnosed using the com...

Coccidiosis, caused by apicomplexan Eimeria species, is a protozoan disease that affects various species of wild and domestic animals. However, data available on Eimeria diversity in ruminants in Saudi Arabia is meagre. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate some eimerian parasites infecting sheep (Sawakni and Harrie breeds) using micros...

Natural products are safe environmentally friendly agents and have no negative impact on the environment, they can be used to combat parasitic diseases. Helminthiasis and coccidiosis are parasitic diseases that harm both health and the economy. This research aimed to see how Anethum graveolens leaves extract (AGLE) worked as an anti-parasitic modul...

Natural sources are microbiological species and medicinal plants, which could be potential new sources for development of drugs against different diseases. Coccidiosis affects many animals and leads to great economic losses. Drug-resistant strains of Eimeria species have emerged because of overuse and misuse of drugs. In vitro, using Eimeria papill...

Eimeria species parasite resistance to drugs has been reported, which infects many animals and leads to great economic losses. Medicinal plants are a promising source of a cure for many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Allium sativum juice (ASJ) on the sporulation of oocytes and as an anthelminthic effector via in vitro study...

Because of the drug resistance, medicinal plants are used more frequently than coccidiostats to treat and control coccidiosis. Punica granatum is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study used an in vitro experiment to investigate how different P. granatum from Yemen (Y) and Egypt (E) sources affected oocyst sporulation an...

Fish are considered one of the important sources of protein which are invaded by different parasites. This study aimed to shed light on monogenean parasites that infect fish within the family Sparidae in Saudi Arabia. A total of 30 Argyrops filamentosus specimens were collected from the Red Sea, the city of Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), and then examined...

Although several anticoccidial medications have long been used to prevent coccidiosis, their adverse effects necessitate the use of alternative control methods. In this study, Eimeria papillate was used to infect the mouse jejunum, and the response of the liver to induced coccidiosis on treatment with nanosilver synthesized from Zingiber officinale...

Background: Carangidae is a family of ray-finned fish within the order Carangiformes which are invaded by different parasite species and the rate of parasitism changed regarding different factors. This study aimed to provide information about the relationship between fish size and sex on the parasites that infect fish within the family Carangidae i...

Various attempts have been made for the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, revealing the significance of plant extracts in reducing metal sources to nanoparticles and applications in various scientific domains. Azadirachta indica (family Meliaceae) is an evergreen tree that contains several phytochemicals within its leaves. This study ai...

Coccidiosis is a protozoan parasitic disease affecting different animal species. Resistance has been reported for all available anticoccidial drugs. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered a new therapeutic tool against this parasitic disease. The present work aimed to study the effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium from Azadiracht...

Background: Sparidae is a fish family that belongs to the order Perciformes and is commonly known as sea breams and porgies. Many species are included in this family and divided into 71 genera that could be barcoded using mitochondrial DNA genes. These fish are vulnerable to different parasitic taxa that affect fish status. The present study is aim...

A safe and effective treatment for liver cancer is still elusive despite all attempts. Biomolecules produced from natural products and their derivatives are potential sources of new anticancer medications. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of a Streptomyces sp. bacterial extract against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)–induced liver...

Simple Summary Fish products are a significant source of animal protein; however, they can also include various parasites, including monogeneans. All parasitic infections may spread indirectly and have an impact on human health. Many monogenean species have not yet been morphologically described. Scientists made an effort to investigate these paras...

Apicomplexan parasites, especially Eimeria sp., are the main intestinal murine pathogens, that lead to severe injuries to farm and domestic animals. Many anticoccidial drugs are available for coccidiosis, which, leads to the development of drug-resistant parasites. Recently, natural products are considered as an alternative agent to control coccidi...

There are several types of biological markers in the environment. The potential parasites’ ability to serve as bio-indicators of pollution in marine ecosystems was the focus of the current study. Forty samples of the king soldier bream Argyrops spinifer, were collected from the Red Sea (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) for this study, and they were examined f...

One of the most crucial approaches for treating human diseases, particularly parasite infections, is nanomedicine. One of the most significant protozoan diseases that impact farm and domestic animals is coccidiosis. While, amprolium is one of the traditional anticoccidial medication, the advent of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria necessitates the...

Background: Carangids, like any other fish, can become infected with a variety of external and internal parasites. Little information on parasite infestations in these fish species is known. This study aimed to provide light on parasites that infect caragnids in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 20 Carangoides caeruleopinnatus specimens were collec...

Eimeriosis, an infection with Eimeria spp. that affects poultry, causes huge economic losses. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antibacterial and antifungal properties, but their action against Eimeria infection has not yet been elucidated. This study demonstrates the action of AgNPs in the treatment of mice infected with Eimeria papillata. AgNPs w...

Background: Gnathiids are considered excellent ectoparasites widely distributed along the fish body with a biphasic life cycle including parasitic larval stages and free-living adults. This study focused on gnathiids infecting the brown-spotted grouper fish and confirming the identity of the host species. Methods: Twenty Epinephelus chlorostigma (S...

Monopisthocotyleans belonging to the family Diplectanidae infect marine fish and are distinguished by a posterior complex haptor. The solider bream Argyrops filamentosus Valenciennes (Perciformes: Sparidae), is one such species that is under consideration caught from the Red Sea (Saudi Arabia). This study is the first description of a diplectanid s...

Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative action of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract (ECE) against hepatic damage caused by Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Mice were allocated into five groups as follows: two groups served as the control non-infected groups...

Oocysts recovered from Mus musculus were morphologically described and molecularly characterized using 18S rDNA and ITS1 regions. Sporulated oocysts had two layers and were sub-spherical measuring 20.76 (19.41-22.33) × 17.46 (15.44-19.15) μm with a length/width index of 1.18. Sporocysts were with stieda and substieda bodies with sporocystic residuu...

Surra is a parasitic disease caused by the eukaryotic, unicellular hemoprotozoan, Trypanosoma evansi , which affects the development of animal production and is widespread among both domestic and wild animals. As such, in this research, we studied the antiparasitic activity and the ameliorative impact of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extracts (ELE)...

Background Rodentolepis nana (syn. Hymenolepis nana), the most common cyclophyllid tapeworm infecting rodents, is a well-studied gastrointestinal parasite in mice and belongs to the family Hymenolepididae.Methods The present study focuses on the molecular analysis for the nuclear genes (ITS-1, 18 S, and 28 S rDNA) used for the accurate recognition...

Coccidiosis affects both domestic and wild animals and negatively impacting industries worldwide. Medicinal plants are widely used against parasites. Using infected mice with Eimeria papillata, we assessed the anticoccidial impact of Zingiber officinale extract (ZE). The animals in the first group were just given distilled water, while the animals...

Little information for parasitic infections of Carangoides fulvoguttatus was recorded. The present study was intended to investigate the gill parasite Heteromicrocotyla polyorchis of this fish and to provide a full morphological description and clarify its taxonomic status through phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rRNA gene region. A total of sixty...

In recent years, the use of plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis to combat infectious diseases has become increasingly significant. Malaria is one of the world's most infectious diseases caused by Plasmodium species. The antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of nanosilver biosynthesized from Indigofera oblongifolia leaf ext...

There is a growing awareness of the importance of incorporating behavioral changes into infectious disease treatments. In this study, we evaluated whether behavioral changes in mouse brains were altered following infection with the Trypanosoma evansi parasite. Infection significantly reduced locomotor activity as well as vertical and horizontal mov...

Hepatic injury induced by trypanosomiasis is one of the major health problems not only to human but also to wild and domestic animals. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Allium sativum extract (ASE) against Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I received only saline while group II re...

The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus is a marine fish species with very high commercial value. Little information is available about its parasitic infections. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as sequencing and analysis of the partial regions of the ITS-1, 18S rRNA, COX1 genes, were employed for the systematic evaluation o...

Objective Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting most of countries worldwide. Due to antimalarial drug resistance, researchers are seeking to find another safe efficient source for treatment of malaria. Since many years ago, medicinal plants were widely used for the treatment of several diseases. In general, most application is done f...

Malaria is a dangerous disease affecting millions around the globe. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are used against a variety of diseases including malaria worldwide. Here, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the leaf extracts of Indigofera oblongifolia have been used in the treatment of mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi to evaluate th...

Malaria is a lethal parasitic disease affecting over two hundred million people worldwide and kills almost half a million people per year. Until now, there is no curative treatment for this disease that has a substantial morbidity. The available chemotherapeutic agents are unable to completely control the infection with the continuous appearance of...

Background: Eimeriosis is a parasitic intestinal infection that affects the poultry industry; it is responsible for economic losses on a global scale. Objective: This study investigated the protective role of Morus nigra leaf extracts (ME) against Eimeria papillata infection in mice. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were divided into six groups. The first...

Malaria is a worldwide serious‐threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract...

Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria and infection affecting most domestic animal species. The aim of this research was to comprehend the impact of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on eimeriosis induced by Eimeria papillata in mouse jejunum, and how they work as antioxidants and anti-apoptotic agents against eimeriosis. T...

Biosynthesized nanoparticles proposed to have antiplasmodial activities have attracted increasing attention for malaria that considered being one of the foremost hazardous diseases. In this study, Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized utilizing transmission electr...

Sarcocystosis is a parasitic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite Sarcocystis belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. These parasites have a requisite two‐host life cycle. Recently, there are many Sarcocystis species that identified morphologically. In the present study, diaphragmatic muscle samples from the domestic horse (Equus caba...

Biosynthesized nanoparticles proposed to have antiplasmodial activities have attracted increasing attention for malaria that considered being one of the foremost hazardous diseases. In this study, Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized utilizing transmission electr...

Eimerian parasites are the main intestinal tract pathogens in many animals, which invade and damage the intestinal epithelium causing severe injuries and economic loss. Our study was planned to examine the ameliorative effect of Rumex nervosus leaf extracts (RNE) against Eimeria tenella-induced changes in caecal goblet cells and cytokines of chicke...

Coccidiosis has a considerable economic loss in the poultry industry where the parasite Eimeria affect the animal survival. Natural products emerge as an essential and complementary means of controlling avian coccidiosis, in addition to anticoccidial medications. The current study examined the antioxidant activity of Rumex nervosus leaf extract (RE...

Trypanosomiasis is one of the most important diseases affecting economic development for humans and livestock. The current research aimed to assess the in vitro antitrypanosomal effect of methanol extracts of Indigofera oblongifolia leaf (IME) and to examine the brain response after IME treatment of infected mice. In the in vitro method, IME (1.25...