Ernesto Treviño

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile | UC · Facultad de Educación

The purpose of this study is to inform public policies aimed at improving parental school-choice processes. The study estimates both the utility obtained by parents from different school attributes and the effective utility obtained with the actual school choice made by parents. The difference between both types of utilities provides a panorama on...

Education may play a fundamental role in preparing young people to care for the environment, thereby contributing to sustainable development. This chapter analyzes how opportunities to learn, in the form of action-oriented and pluralistic teaching and school practices, relate to students’ willingness to make efforts to protect the environment in th...

Promoting adhesion to attitudes toward gender equity is critical to achieving more equal societies, yet endorsement of gender equality among Latin American adolescents remains lower than global averages. This study investigates the role of school environments, civic knowledge, and authoritarianism in shaping gender equity attitudes among 8th-grade...

This study estimates the effect of between-class ability grouping on Chilean secondary students’ academic achievement. We rely on a structural feature of the school system: A considerable number of students who complete primary school must change schools to start their secondary education. Cardinality matching was performed to account for confoundi...

Chile cuenta con políticas públicas sólidas en la cobertura de educación infantil formal, pero aun así algunas familias buscan opciones alternativas de cuidado no parental para satisfacer sus necesidades. Los arreglos de cuidado incluyen cuidadores no familiares remunerados o entornos grupales informales, especialmente entre mujeres migrantes que n...

La formación ciudadana de niños y jóvenes presenta desafíos para los sistemas educativos y políticos a nivel global. La crisis política y social que se vive actualmente orienta la discusión en torno a una ciudadanía situada en contextos culturales e históricos que puede ser definida de diferentes formas, desarrollada en distintos espacios y abordad...

This study estimates the effect of between-class ability grouping on Chilean secondary students' academic achievement. We rely on a structural feature of the school system: a considerable number of students who complete primary school must change schools to start their secondary education. Cardinality matching was performed in order to account for...

A common criticisms of school choice programs is that, instead of improving student achievement, they would increase school segregation. Parents may use different criteria to choose a school, such as proximity, school quality, or the school's ethnic/racial composition. As a result, the system would be segregated based on the parent's preferences. T...

School segregation, especially on the basis of socioeconomic, ethnic, or racial characteristics, is one of the fields of greatest interest for the design of public policies in countries with high levels of inequality in educational opportunities and low social mobility, such as Chile (Núñez and Miranda, Estudios De Economía 38:195–221, 2011; OECD....

Latin America has been making progress in incorporating education policies with an intercultural bilingual focus in parallel with the struggles and demands of indigenous peoples, which international organizations such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), among others, have helped to place on the global a...

This first chapter addresses three distinct aspects of Bilingual Intercultural Education (EIB, by the Spanish acronym). The first section provides a brief overview of the recent history of EIB during the last two decades in Chile, outlining its main policies and describing the major milestones and advances, as well as its various challenges, in ord...

Little is known about mental health during early childhood and differences in mental health problems between migrant and local preschool children in Chile. This research aimed to study the early mental health of children and disparities in mental health indicators between immigrant and local children in the context of a middle-income country. Paren...

This chapter analyzes the profiles of global citizenship (GC) and global threats among youth of approximately 13 years of age in 24 countries using the data from the International Civics and Citizenship Study of 2016 (Schulz et al., 2018), which included countries in Asia (3), Europe (16), and Latin America (5). Using an innovative person-centered...

Using the largest and most recent comparative study on youth citizenship, the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (Schulz et al., 2016), we analyze how different patterns of civic norms endorsement are related to four civic dispositions: multiculturalism, gender equality, patriotism, and respect for democracy, using data from 91,153...

Students who experience bullying at school present different negative outcomes, including lower academic achievement. However, the process by which bullying is connected to academic achievement is not clear. Using the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) dataset from Chilean schools in 2011, we sought to estimate the indire...

This chapter analyses how early childhood and primary education are articulated to facilitate children’s transition in Chile in terms of institutional arrangements, curricular differentiation, and pedagogical interactions of both levels. It considers to what extent this articulation fosters either a smooth and child-respectful transition or a great...

This study drew on Chilean teacher survey responses from TALIS 2018 data on teacher motivation in order to examine the extent to which these data reveal different motivational profiles among Chilean teachers. Also, it explores the influence of those profiles on quality teachers’ instruction. As a conceptual scaffold, this article uses Agency Theory...

A substantial body of research shows that teacher-student interactions have a significant impact on student outcomes. However, to our knowledge, less is known about the association between teachers' and students' well-being and the implications for teacher-child interactions, particularly in the preschool context. Research Findings. Using ordinary...

“Ciudadanías, educación y juventudes. Investigaciones y debates para el Chile del futuro” es un libro que busca recopilar evidencia sobre la construcción de la ciudadanía juvenil en Chile y América Latina, promover discusiones respecto del rol de la escuela en la formación ciudadana y potenciar el debate sobre los desafíos económicos, sociales, cul...

El capítulo analiza los principales cambios de la política escolar en Chile entre 2018 y 2021. En primer término, el capítulo describe y analiza dos leyes (Nueva Educación Pública y Sistema de Desarrollo Profesional Docente) que implementaron —con descuidos, matices y bemoles— legislaciones aprobadas en el gobierno anterior. El segundo apartado pro...

School closures prompted by the global outbreak of COVID-19 have impacted children’s subjective well-being. In this context, a growing number of studies has pointed out that the experience of learning at home is an essential factor influencing their subjective well-being, raising the importance of parental involvement in the educational process of...

This chapter presents the case of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in supporting the school system during the Covid-19 pandemic. It shows how supporting individual faculty initiatives as well as interinstitutional collaborations and participating in and supporting specific policies shaped a complex array of support for a highly atomized...

One of the most common criticisms of school choice programs is that instead of improving student achievement, they would increase school segregation. From the supply side, schools can select their student body, especially those students who they perceive to be easier and less costly to educate. From the demand side, parents can use different criter...

Previous studies have documented social segregation for single types of tracking, but little previous research has compared levels of segregation across different institutional tracking arrangements. This paper uses extensive administrative data of the Chilean educational system to estimate the magnitude and evolution of socioeconomic segregation b...

We use data from the international assessments PISA, TERCE, and ICCS to evaluate the invariance of student socioeconomic background scales among the countries participating in these studies. More specifically, we examine whether measures that were developed regionally exhibit better psychometric properties than other measures that were designed to...

Schools are traditionally considered agents of political socialization. However, the school’s capacity to promote citizenry among students is often considered limited, in comparison to the expected influence of the socioeconomic background of students’ families. Using data from IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS), this...

The current political times offer a complex global context to understand youth political attitudes and dispositions. This chapter describes both the international environment and the conceptual framework that justifies the need to better understand citizenship among youth in different countries of Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Traditional perspe...

This chapter presents the main findings concerning citizenship norms among young adolescents using IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016 data. It discusses the results and their main implications for research. Advice for policy and practice is provided. In general, the analyses show that, internationally, most young...

This chapter seeks to understand the relationship between profiles of good citizenship and sociodemographic, economic, political, and cultural country variables, seeking to deepen the understanding of good citizenship in the participating countries of IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016. Using a comparative policy...

The concept of “good citizenship” has long been part of discussions in various academic fields. Good citizenship involves multiple components, including values, norms, ethical ideals, behaviors, and expectations of participation. This chapter seeks to discuss the idea of good citizenship by surveying the academic literature on the subject. To map t...

This Open Access book presents an international group of scholars seeking to understand how youth from different cultures relate to modern multidimensional concepts of citizenship, and the roles that education and society have in shaping the views of the world’s future citizens. The book also explores how different aspects of citizenship, such as a...

Open classroom discussion (OPD) is a recognized school practice, that promotes civic knowledge on students. However, the study of its effectiveness includes various methodological challenges. OPD items are reference-shift items, and if their rater-response nature is ignored, researchers may specify a compositional model leading to underestimation....

La irrupción de la pandemia (COVID-19) y el tránsito a la educación remota posiciona a las familias en el proceso y experiencia educativa de sus hijos e hijas como uno de especial importancia. El objetivo del artículo es explorar las prácticas educativas de la clase media-profesional chilena en período de crisis sanitaria. Para ello se utiliza la b...

This data article describes the dataset of the International COVID-19 Impact on Parental Engagement Study (ICIPES). ICIPES is a collaborative effort of more than 20 institutions to investigate the ways in which, parents and caregivers built capacity engaged with children's learning during the period of social distancing arising from global COVID-19...

The COVID-19 pandemic is pushing the world into a devastating economic and social scenario. The consequences of this crisis largely impact children and teenagers, both now and in the future. School closures have particularly affected vulnerable children, deepening the effects of their unequal socio-economic circumstances. In this context, the actio...

Cómo será la educación en el año 2030? O bien, con mayor precisión y atrevimiento ¿existirá la escuela en el año 2030? Hoy ya podemos responder a la segunda pregunta afirmando que la escuela, tal como la definió Comenio a mediados del siglo XVII, con un modelo que ha prevalecido en sus líneas básicas hasta nuestros días, ya no existe, quizás solo r...

Las evaluaciones internacionales proveen información valiosa más allá de la atención que acaparan los ranking de países en la prensa. Los estudios de factores asociados al logro permiten obtener evidencia importante para la toma de decisiones en el ambito educativo. Diversos mediciones internacionales levantan permanentemente información de este ti...

El artículo analiza cuatro atributos de la formación ciudadana de los estudiantes (conocimiento cívico, disposición al voto, confianza en los partidos políticos y disposición a compartir con personas de otras clases sociales) considerando la implementación de tres políticas desarrolladas en Chile: i) la Ley de Voto Voluntario (2012); ii) la Ley de...

The gender gap in mathematics outcomes, where women are most affected, is well documented internationally and is particularly high in Chilean secondary education. This study explores the educational inclusion of girls in mathematics classrooms. The coding of videos from 79 school lessons, involving 2,295 students, allowed us to compare how and how...

The conceptualizations of educational inclusion, previously restricted to securing access to formal education, recently highlight the promotion of equitable social and academic relations as well. This study investigates the inclusion of students with immigrant background within their class' teacher-student interaction networks, while distinguishing...

Propuestas sobre educación de la Mesa Social del Covid-19 en Chile

Este libro tiene por objeto presentar una visión sobre algunos de los principales desafíos pendientes de la educación en Chile, combinando una mirada evaluativa de las reformas recientes con una perspectiva de futuro, que permita proyectar las políticas clave para el sector en sus distintos niveles. En un momento marcado por el estallido social, qu...

Classroom discussion of political and social issues (OPD) is a recognized school effectiveness factor in civic education (see Knowles, et al., 2018). However, the study of its effectivity on different civic educational outcomes includes different methodoligical challenges. In this presentation I'll focus on the variability of students rating consen...

The endorsement of anti-corruption norms is a normative assumption in legal systems with freedom of information acts, where citizens are expected to act as monitors of the public service. Tolerance of corruption counteracts this assumption. We studied tolerance of corruption among 8th graders from Latin-American samples of the International Civic a...

The present study aims to determine how much the quality of teaching varies among and within under-performing schools. 1266 classroom observations were conducted in 260 schools across Chile. An index of teaching quality was constructed to analyze its variance. It was found that only 4.8% of the variance is explained by the teacher's school. This su...

This research describes the beliefs of school principals, mathematics teachers and special education teachers regarding diversity in students, as well the instructional practices they apply to promote inclusion in public schools in Santiago. We conclude that principals and teachers have five perspectives about inclusion (integration, theoretical, s...

Results from the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016 show that more than two-thirds of the students in the participating Latin American countries reported that they would support a dictatorship as a form of government if it brought order and security, or if it brought economic benefits. This brief looks closer at the...

Collaborative work among teachers has been identified as a key element the development of quality learning (Villa, Thousand & Nevin, 2008). However, there is not enough empirical research about what teaching practices promote equity in the math class. A practice that can be considered inclusive is argumentation, where students engage in and take re...

This paper examined the association between friendship and academic networks and how the connections these networks have with academic performance and school misconduct differ when comparing three types of classrooms where students were grouped based on their academic ability (i.e., high-, low-, and mixed-ability). The sample was composed of 528 se...

In this chapter we analyze the segregation of indigenous students across schools in Chile, contrasting this ethnic segregation with socioeconomic segregation. We lay out the main trends of ethnic segregation in schools and show that its conditions and qualities largely depend on the context where each school is located. We also offer hypotheses for...

Cambridge Core - Applied Linguistics - Learning through Language - edited by Vibeke Grøver

En Chile, el fenómeno migratorio está en aumento y está transformando nuestro sistema educativo introduciéndole nuevos desafíos. En este contexto este estudio buscó describir qué estrategias se están utilizando para incorporar la diversidad en el aula, como se están dando las interacciones dentro del aula, y cuál es el bienestar tanto de educadoras...

Bloomsbury Education and Childhood Studies

The study of classroom environment differences requires appropriate model specifications. Two main problems are present: the risk of underestimating the contextual effect of interest and specifying the incorrect relations. Conditional to the defined model, expected effects may get under estimated. When students act as raters of their classrooms, th...

Within the literature of political socialisation, classroom discussion is considered a school effectiveness factor for the promotion of citizenry skills (Almond & Verba, 1989; Hahn & Tocci, 1990). This school practice presents positive returns on different civic outcomes including: positive relations with civic knowledge (Isac, Maslowski, Creemers,...

The promotion of citizenship is an aim of many educational systems, but we lack a detailed understanding of how these efforts translate into civic attitudes. We proposed a model whereby links between SES and tolerance of corruption are explained by civic knowledge, authoritarianism and open classroom discussion. Using data from the Latin-American s...

The comparison of learning environments requires to resolve at least two problems present in school climate research: the measurement problem and the endogeneity problem. In this presentation, I illustrate one approach to resolve these two problems from a generalized latent variable framework. I first discussed why a multilevel IRT model is needed...

Este libro presenta los resultados de evaluación del programa Un Buen Comienzo en tres diferentes versiones, y muestra cómo se pueden mejorar las prácticas educativas en educación parvularia y, a su vez, promover mayores niveles de desarrollo de los niños y niñas en sectores vulnerables

This article analyses the role of school in different forms of expected political participation of 8th grade students in Chile. The massive students’ public demonstrations in Chile in the last ten years and the low rate of young voters’ turnout in elections have raised the question about young people’s preparation to participate as citizens in soci...

La literatura internacional sobre rotación de profesores plantea que esta se encuentra conectada con el nivel socioeconómico de las escuelas. Sin embargo, esa relación no siempre es encontrada en los estudios nacionales. En esta investigación se estima quiénes son los docentes, de dónde provienen y en qué momento se encuentran cuando presentan el m...

In contemporary education policy debates in the United States, school voucher programs and school privatization—the entry of many private for-profit corporations and nonprofit and other organizations into the education arena—are under the spotlight. Following in the footsteps of several prior administrations, the current federal administration is a...

El objetivo del proyecto es generar un modelo de apoyo para el desarrollo profesional de profesores, en el contexto de los nuevos Servicios Locales de Educación (SLE). Con este fin, un objetivo anterior es caracterizar los focos de apoyo que requieren los docentes y el sistema escolar. La premisa del proyecto es que profesores destacados pueden eje...

Schools are increasingly seen as a potential vehicle for promoting positive attitudes toward diversity and equality in different countries. However, the debate regarding the actual capacity of schools to fulfill this task, set against the role of families and individual preferences, is still open. To analyze how the characteristics of schools may s...

IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) identifies first- and second-generation immigrants, and hence may reveal patterns of segregation of immigrant students. From a comparative perspective, these may be analyzed to provide the distribution, concentration and spread of immigrant students among schools and countries. Here t...

En el presente artículo se relata el diseño, potencial uso y ventajas del Sistema de Monitoreo y Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (SME) de los estudiantes de Pedagogía de la Universidad Diego Portales (UDP), en implementación desde 2011. Este sistema representa una innovación que actualmente permite llevar a cabo una docencia basada en evidencias y q...

La investigación indaga en la relación entre el lenguaje que utilizan las educadoras de párvulos en sus interacciones con los estudiantes y los resultados de lenguaje de estos últimos. Específicamente, se analiza la complejidad sintáctica, la diversidad léxica y la presencia de palabras sofisticadas en el discurso de las educadoras, en breves exper...

The objective of this article is to describe the magnitude, the levels of recurrence, and the characteristics of the practices of segregation or grouping by ability that occur in the Chilean school system. Through quantitative analysis, three types of grouping are identified: a) at the beginning of the school year, b) the reorganization of students...

Resumen El presente estudio analiza la capacidad de dos instrumentos de observación de aula, Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) y Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI), para describir el funcionamiento de aulas de matemática que pertenecen a escuelas municipales chilenas con trayectorias de mejoramiento. En concreto, se busca indagar,...

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es describir la magnitud, los niveles de recurrencia y las características de las prácticas de segregación o agrupamiento por habilidad que ocurren en el sistema escolar chileno. Mediante análisis cuantitativos, se identificaron tres tipos de agrupamiento: a) al inicio del ciclo escolar, b) el reordenamiento de...

La literatura internacional de rotación de profesores plantea que ésta se encuentra conectada con el nivel socioeconómico de las escuelas. Sin embargo, esta relación no siempre es encontrada en los estudios nacionales. En esta investigación, se estima quiénes, de dónde y, cuándo se encuentran en mayor riesgo de dejar su primer trabajo. Empleando la...