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July 2017 - present
August 2006 - December 2015
Publications
Publications (73)
El progreso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TICs) en el contexto de transformación digital ha generado una oportunidad para el desarrollo de soluciones más eficientes y robustas en el ámbito de los sistemas eléctricos, especialmente enmarcados en las redes inteligentes. Sin embargo, este progreso también ha traído consigo...
Given the many challenges arising in the operation of future electric power systems in supervision and control, frequency regulation, voltage regulation, protection schemes, and generation dispatch, and the variety of alternatives presented in the specialized literature to cope with them.
This book gives an integral overview of the subject dealt wi...
Las subestaciones digitales han representado un cambio significativo para los sistemas eléctricos y son un eje fundamental en el proceso de inclusión de nuevas tecnologías, herramientas de software o tendencias tecnológicas emergentes en redes inteligentes. Su implementación trae consigo beneficios, pero también retos. En este contexto, el inminent...
To study the behavior of low voltage ZnO varistors against Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO), the authors have developed a complete VFTO(s) generation and measurement system based on magnetic pulse compression (MPC) and Transmission Line Transformer (TLT). This system has an output voltage of 24 kV, rise time of 32 ns, and a bandwidth of 10 MH...
The new dynamics of inverter-based generation (IBG) and the lack of accurate models jeopardize the safety of power systems. Additionally, most of the detailed models for electromagnetic transients (EMT) from manufacturers are black boxes. For this reason, the objective of this work was to propose a generic IBG model in EMT resolution suitable for s...
In this article, we present a detailed derivation of a fourth order co-simulation method. This method is implicit and based on Hermite extrapolation with two support points and their derivatives. The convergence order of the local and global errors is analyzed and tested on two linear systems from the mechanical and the electrical fields. Both syst...
Latin Americas energy transition involves the massive integration of sustainable energy, different than hydro, at large and small scale, consumer empowerment, and the adoption of emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) in the entire electricity sector. These factors boost the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transform the...
El uso de las fuentes renovables no convencionales de generación de energía tales como la fotovoltaica, la eólica y la biomasa, han tomado mucha importancia, no solo porque se consideran de cero emisiones de gases contaminantes, sino también porque su aprovechamiento se puede realizar en zonas con alto potencial en este tipo de fuentes donde el sis...
La implementación de fuentes no convencionales de generación de energía eléctrica se ha realizado por medio de microrredes, en las cuales los sistemas de gestión de energía juegan un papel importante, ya que, por medio de estos, se busca el suministro económico de potencia a la carga. El objetivo de este estudio fue el desarrollo de un sistema de g...
Electric energy generation from renewable sources is widely accepted thanks to the cost reduction that enables its transformation in an increasingly optimal way. However, these systems depend on climate variability. Accordingly, they cannot provide fixed generation. In order to improve the reliability of these systems, demand-side management strate...
In this work, two heuristic techniques used to reduce the number of simulations of lightning-induced voltages, which are required to assess the lightning performance of distribution lines according to the Monte Carlo methodology, are presented. The first uses the Rusck Formula to discard the events that do not cause damage to the line. The second i...
This paper proposes a method to estimate the impact of lightning activity on transmission lines. The method uses a time-variant density parameter described using kernel basis functions. The algorithm is implemented and tested with historical data in real transmission lines located in Colombia for the years 2015 and 2016. Statistical analysis is per...
This paper analyzes lightning-induced voltages on distribution lines located on irregular terrains since it is common, in some places in the world, that real distribution systems are placed on those terrains. Simplified topographies were used in this analysis to approximate to those found on real distribution systems. The lightning-induced voltages...
This article examines the results of measured lightning-induced voltages on a rural distribution circuit in Colombia are presented. The rural network is a branched system with traditional components of the distribution system. The measurements were made in four different points, three of them at the medium voltage side and one at the low-voltage si...
Distributed real-time applications often require an optimal assignment of resources to improve performance. This paper proposes a methodology to optimally assign system resources that enables to minimize the processing and communication time. In this study, we defined a case of study partitioned into six subsystems to be simulated with four availab...
En esta presentación se presenta la estrategia ENERGETICA2030, el cual es un programa de gran embergadura en donde participan 8 Instituciones de Educación Superior de Colombia, 3 Empresas del Sector Eléctrico y 11 instituciones Internacionales.
La presentación hace énfasis en uno de los retos que se trabaja en el programa mostrando los retos en la...
This paper presents the implementation of an analytical formulation to calculate the lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) assuming a current wave-shape linearly rising with flat top and a transmission Line (TL) return-stroke model. It also describes the development of the expressions for the image dipoles required to calculate the vertical electr...
En este artículo se obtiene el índice de fallas por impactos indirectos de una línea de distribución siguiendo el procedimiento descrito en el estándar IEEE 1410 de 2010, pero cambiando los parámetros de las distribuciones de la primera descarga de retorno (corriente pico y tiempo de frente) adoptados por CIGRÉ por los obtenidos de 38 mediciones de...
This paper addresses the implementation of a real time simulator based on an existing electromagnetic simulating program called ATP-EMTP. The simulator is developed to stream sampled values on an Ethernet network using the protocol IEC61850-9-2. This implementation is done on a general purpose PC. The minimum simulation time step and the maximum sa...
This paper presents contributions of the Colombian research group PAAS to knowledge about the phenomenon of lightning and modeling of external protection systems. This work constitutes a contribution to analyze variations of lightning parameter magnitudes within space and time and some approximations for a more realistic modeling of lightning prote...
This paper presents the main contributions done in the field of lightning induced voltages by the Colombian research group PAAS. It is presented a developed software to estimate the flashover rates of distributions lines, the effect of branched lines, channel tortuosity, non-flat terrains and surge arresters on lightning induced voltages.
Smart grid integrates electrical network, communication systems and information technologies, where increasing architecture interdependency is introducing new challenges in the evaluation of how possible threats could affect security and reliability of power system. While cyber-attacks have been widely studied, consequences of physical failures on...
In this paper is presented the design and construction of a reduce scale model indented to be used for measuring Lightning induced voltages on overhead lines placed over an inclined terrain. Here we present technical details of the source developed for achieve a fast impulse that represent a lightning. The experiment, although, is a first approxima...
This paper presents a recent characterization review
of three cloud-to-ground lightning parameters [lightning peak
current, ground flash density, and keraunic level (KL)] used in
engineering applications based on available data from studies conducted
in some tropical countries of Central and South America
(Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuel...
This paper presents a review of recent values reported in the literature of two lightning parameters (ground flash density and keraunic level) used in engineering applications based on studies conducted in some tropical countries of Central and South America (Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and Venezuela). Reported values consider seasonal and spatial varia...
Las descargas atmosféricas son el fenómeno que mayor número de salidas no programadas
de elementos de red ocasionan en Colombia, principalmente, líneas aéreas de transmisión y distribución.
Aunque la información y los pronósticos de este fenómeno son conocidos con anticipación, no siempre son
considerados en la mitigación de los posibles escenarios...
This paper presents the calculation of electric and magnetic fields produced by lightning striking over different configurations of nonflat lossy ground. The computation is performed using finite-difference time domain (FDTD) methods in two-dimensional (2-D) with cylindrical coordinate systems and 3-D with Cartesian coordinates. The FDTD method is...
known measurements. Such procedure is based on a mathematical model of the system and consists on a comparison of the available information with the theoretical results. This comparison provides the values of the unknown variables and/or parameters of the system.
In this work it is proposed a mixed estimation strategy combining a hierarchical and...
This paper presents the effect of the terrain geometry in lightning induced voltages calculation on power distribution networks. We have calculated the electromagnetic fields over three different non-flat terrains configurations, by means of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method in a two dimensional (2D) cylindrical coordinate system. We...
Lightning electromagnetic fields have been calculated traditionally considering that terrain is flat. It is important to consider the influence of the orography in the lightning electric fields, specially in countries that are surrounded by mountains. Although, a first approximation to the phenomenal can be obtained by means of the use of numerical...
En este artículo se presenta un software con interfaz gráfica desarrollado con el fin de determinar los efectos producidos por impactos de rayos cercanos a las líneas de distribución. Se presenta la validación de este software con otros algoritmos de cálculo existentes para tal fin y finalmente se presenta el modo de realizar una evaluación del des...
Around the world, there are several operational Lightning Location Systems - LLS which produce real-time information about the electric atmospheric activity over a specified region. The performance of these networks is evaluated by means of their location accuracy and detection efficiency. These parameters are functions of several variables includi...
This paper presents the effect of the terrain in lightning induced voltages in distribution networks. For this, we have calculated the electromagnetic fields over two different non flat terrains configurations, by means of the Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method in a two dimensional (2D) cylindrical coordinate system. We have simulated a ty...
This paper presents a methodology for thunderstorm warning alarming using electric field measurements and lightning location data under mountainous conditions in Medellín - Colombia. The methodology is used to set warning criteria for preventing human and sensitive systems risks and damages.
Electrostatic field measurements obtained in Bogotá-Colombia during thunderstorm episodes in November (common raining season due to the intertropical confluence zone over central Colombia) were used to study the performance of an isolated electric field sensor and analyze its most important operational characteristics. Distances from each flash to...
This paper presents the induced voltages produced by a lightning that hits the top of a mountain over a line placed parallel to the inclined surface, compared with the result found when the line is placed over a flat terrain. The electromagnetic fields produced by the lightning channel are calculated by means of the Finite Difference Time Domain Me...
This paper presents a methodology for tracking thunderstorm cells using Colombian Lightning Location Systems. It is evaluated two regions in Colombia with different orographic conditions and is observed the possible dependency which may have the orography.
Electrostatic field measurements obtained in Bogotá-Colombia during thunderstorm episodes in November (common raining season due to the intertropical confluence zone over central Colombia) were used to study the performance of an isolated electric field sensor and analyze its most important operational characteristics. Distances from each flash to...
Electrostatic field measurements taken in Bogotá, Colombia, during thunderstorms in November (the rainy season due to inter-tropical confluence zone over central Colombia) were used to study the performance of an isolated electric field sensor and analyse its most important operational characteristics. The distances from each flash to the studied s...
This paper investigates the influence of considering actual insulation volt-time curves both in the calculation of lightning-induced voltages and in the estimation of the number of flashovers an overhead wire may experience per year due to nearby lightning strokes. The flashover mechanism is modeled according with the integration method, which is u...
We present a multilinear regression technique to reduce the computational effort of the statistical MonteCarlo method used to obtain the flashover rate in distribution networks. It will be presented the influence of the variation of the technique parameters and some possible improvements to it.
This paper will deal with the lightning performance of a distribution network, using the new concept to calculate the ground flash density (GFD). It is called fuzzy ground flash density (FGFD), and it allow to take into account the factors that can affect the traditional way to calculate the GFD, such as the area chosen and the hard variation for t...
This paper deals with energy consumption of surge arrester due to indirect lightning on overhead distribution lines, this study show the difference of consumption of each surge arrester depending on the location and the number of devices connected to the line.
Here we use a statistical procedure for analyzing the energy absorption of each surge arr...
This paper describes the development of a thunderstorm and lightning continuous observation system in Bogotá. The system is conformed by seven electric field mills which transmit real time data to an information processing center. By using genetic algorithm procedures the data are analyzed to obtain lightning location and charge parameters. Further...
Resumen— En este trabajo se presentan el diseño e imple-mentación de un inversor monofásico usando un convertidor Buck DC-AC [1, 2] controlado analógicamente con histéresis zero [3]. Se estudia la configuración del sistema en lazo cerrado y el acople de etapas de control y potencia mediante una técnica óptica. El sistema diseñado ofrece robustez an...
This paper will deal with improvement of lightning induced voltage performance of distribution network by optimizing the surge arrester location on the distribution network. The optimization of the location is made by using a novel formulation based on genetic algorithms. Here is described the implementation of this methodology by using sophisticat...
This paper deals with the comparison between measurements of lightning–induced voltages in distribution networks having complex topology, and numerical calculations. We make reference to a distribution system located in Colombia within a region with high ground-flash density. The numerical simulations are made by means of the LIOV-EMTP-code. The to...
Lightning-induced voltages are important sources of power quality problems: indeed, they can cause short interruptions and voltages sags on distribution systems. The analysis of these disturbances induced on distribution networks by lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) radiated by nearby lightning, requires the availability of accurate models an...
A lightning risk assessment necessarily implies a set of uncertainties related to lightning strike probability, presence of a damage channel (type of coupling) or presence of a victim (equipment, human beings, structure itself, etc.). In order to quantify and qualify these uncertainties a risk assessment methodology using fuzzy logic is proposed. F...
El siguiente artículo presenta la influencia que tienen ciertos parámetros del rayo y de la línea en el cálculo de las tensiones inducidas. Para lograr este objetivo se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad variando la forma de onda de la corriente de la descarga de retorno, la velocidad del frente de onda de la descarga de retorno, el punto de impac...
This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of induced voltages on overhead distribution lines due to some lightning and line configuration parameters variations. The sensitivity analysis was made initially varying just one parameter individually and then was varied whole parameters at the same time analyzed by means of nonlinear regression models....
![Fig. 6. Surge arrester model. (Taken from the ATPDraw [23] schematic).](profile/Ernesto-Perez-11/publication/4077902/figure/fig3/AS:667650082496527@1536191592507/Surge-arrester-model-Taken-from-the-ATPDraw-23-schematic_Q320.jpg)
This paper deals with the evaluation of the transferred voltages to the transformer low voltage side, due to lightning induced voltages on overhead distribution lines. The induced voltages calculations, taking into account the presence of electrical devices connected to the electric networks like transformers and surge arresters, is done by its imp...
This paper presents the results of a comparison between measurements of induced voltages, due to nearby lightning strikes on an energized overhead distribution line, and theoretical values obtained by mean of simulations with Rusck and Agrawal models implemented in EMTP/ATP and “Yaluk” programs respectively.
This document presents the results of the application of Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis in order to identify some similarities between lightning data in the Tropic.
