Ernest Baiget

National Institute of Physical Education (INEFC) · Sports Performance

The aims of this study were (a) to establish a specific endurance test procedure for competitive tennis players, combining performance, physiological and technical parameters; and (b) to determine the relationship between these parameters and their competitive levels. 38 competitive male tennis players (age 18.2 ± 1.3 years; height 180 ± 0.08 cm; b...

This study aimed (i) to evaluate a new training load parameter in tennis based on the ball-hitting frequency (Ballf) at VO2max occurs (maximal aerobic frequency of ball hitting, MAF) and (ii) to assess the accuracy of a specific endurance tennis test (SET-Test) for predicting MAF. Thirty-five male competitive tennis players performed the SET-Test a...

The aim of this study was to determine whether selected physiological, performance and technical parameters derived from an on-court test are capable of discriminating between tennis players of national and international levels. 38 elite and subelite tennis players were divided into international level (INT, n=8) and national level players (NAT, n=...

Purpose: (1) To analyze the associations between serve velocity (SV) and various single-joint upper-limb isometric force-time curve parameters, (2) to develop a prediction model based on the relationship between these variables, and (3) to determine whether these factors are capable of discriminating between tennis players with different SV perfor...

Purpose: Evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of specific-joint isometric strength training on serve velocity (SV), serve accuracy (SA), and force-time curve variables. Methods: Sixteen young competition tennis players were divided into an intervention (n = 10) or control group (n = 6). SV, SA, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, peak rate of fo...

Baiget, E, Colomar, J, and Corbi, F. Joint-specific postactivation potentiation enhances serve velocity in young tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 840-847, 2023-This study aimed (a) to analyze the influence of sport-specific postactivation potentiation (PAP) on serve velocity (SV) and serve accuracy (SA) in young tennis players, (b) to com...

Pickleball is a sport that combines several elements of tennis, badminton and table tennis. It is played on a court similar to the badminton court and the objective of the game is to hit the ball over a net similar to the tennis net. During these years, its popularity has grown substantially in the United States of America and it has been a sport p...

Purpose: To evaluate changes in physical performance indicators after executing a flywheel or machine-based neuromuscular training program in young female tennis players. Methods: Twenty-four players were divided into a machine-based group (MG), flywheel group (FG), and control group. Countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint time (5, 10, and 15 m), ch...

Tennis serve is considered the most complex, powerful and determinant stroke in high level tennis competition. Specifically, serve velocity (SV) alongside serve accuracy (SA) plays a preponderant role in elite competitions. Considering that serve performance is influenced by different kind of parameters, the presented doctoral thesis was planned in...

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the maturational status (i.e., peak height velocity (PHV)) differences in neuromuscular performance (i.e., vertical jump, linear sprint, COD using different tests, and change of direction deficit (CODD)) of young tennis players. Material and methods One-hundred and two tennis players (70 boys and 52 g...

Purpose: To review the main physical aspects that could positively or negatively influence serve velocity (SV). Methods: An examination of existing literature including studies analyzing positive (biomechanical aspects, anthropometrics, range of motion, strength, and power) and negative (competition-induced fatigue) associations to SV are summar...

RESUMEN Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar las diferencias entre las autopercepciones de las conductas de liderazgo preferido y percibido en jugadores de balonmano de élite en dos momentos diferenciados de la temporada. Paralelamente analizar las modificaciones existentes en las conductas en el transcurso de un periodo competitivo....

This study aimed to investigate the associations between serve velocity (SV), maximal absolute and relative isometric voluntary contraction (MVC and RMVC), peak rate of force development (PRFD), rate of force development (RFD) and impulse (IMP) at different stages of contraction (≤200 ms). Sixteen players per- formed four maximum isometric tests in...

Osgood-Schlatter disease is the most common osteochondritis of the lower limb in sport-practicing children and adolescents. Its manifestation usually coincides with the appearance of the secondary ossification center of the tibia and is linked to the practice of sports with an explosive component. In the present study, a review of the factors relat...

Osgood‐Schlatter disease is the most common osteochondritis of the lower limb in sport‐ practicing children and adolescents. Its manifestation usually coincides with the appearance of the secondary ossification center of the tibia and is linked to the practice of sports with an explosive component. In the present study, a review of the factors rela...

Despite the importance of doubles tennis, there is little research on this modality of the game, especially as per women play. The aim of this study was to analyse the structural variables and the way points ended in women's doubles, as well as to observe the differences between surfaces and between winning and losing teams. Twenty-one WTA doubles...

This study examined the alterations induced by a simulated tennis competition on maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC), peak rate of force development (PRFD) and rate of force development (RFD) at different stages of contraction. Twenty junior tennis players performed an 80-minute simulated tennis match and two (pre and post) muscular perfo...

The goal of this study was to investigate side-to-side differences and asymmetries regarding muscle characteristics in young tennis players. Thirty-four participants performed contractile property measurements (stiffness, tone, elasticity and time to relaxation) on the dominant and non-dominant extremities including nine muscle groups involved in t...

This study aimed (i) to analyse the associations between serve velocity (SV) and anthropometric, ball impact and landing location parameters in total serves (TS) and fastest serves (FS) performed during an ATP Tour event; (ii) to observe differences between first (S1) and second (S2) serves, and (iii) to determine a SV prediction model based on the...

Padel is a complex sport within which performance relies on the interrelation of multiple factors such as physiological and physical capacities, psychological skills, and tactical and technical knowledge. Padel match involves intermittent whole-body efforts, evidenced by a large number of strokes and repeated high-intensity running actions such as...

This study aimed to analyze the effect of a variable practice training in the double wall right forehand by using wrist weights. Thirty-four experienced padel players participated in this study. Players were randomly distributed in two groups (control group [CG] and training group [TG]). The TG performed 1 month of variable training, induced by wei...

This study aims to determine possible associations between strength parameters, injury rates, and performance outcomes over six seasons in professional basketball settings. Thirty-six male professional basketball players [mean ± standard deviation (SD): age, 30.5 ± 4.7 years; height, 199.5 ± 9.5 cm; body mass, 97.9 ± 12.9 kg; BMI 24.6 ± 2.5 kg/m 2...

This study aimed to investigate the acute and delayed effects of medicine ball throws and resistance training in ball velocity and accuracy of serve, forehand and backhand in young competition tennis players. A crossover-randomized design was used with 10 competition tennis players (6 girls and 4 boys between 14 and 18 years old). The subjects perf...

The aim of the present study was to examine the maturational status differences in neuromuscular performance of young tennis players. One-hundred and fifty-five junior tennis players (91 boys and 64 girls; age 13.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass 50.0 ± 12.2 kg, height 159.7 ± 12.4 cm, estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) 12.7 ± 1.6 years) participat...

There is little information on the female doubles tennis. The aim of this study was to describe the activity profile of women’s doubles tennis, and to analyse the differences between playing surfaces. Twenty-one matches of three Grand Slams (GS) tournaments and played on 3 different surfaces, were analysed. Activity profile included rally duration...

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of two 8-week neuromuscular training (NMT) interventions on selected physical indicators in young tennis players. Twenty-four junior male tennis players were assigned to a machine-based (MG) (n = 8), flywheel (FG) (n = 8) or a control training group (CG) (n = 8). Tests at baseline, week 4 and 8...

Background Central and peripheric fatigue indicators are among the main reasons for performance decline following competition. Because of the impact of these factors on performance, how these variables are affected by match-play could be of interest, especially in young tennis players. Objective This study aimed to investigate alterations induced...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la correlación entre las conductas del liderazgo percibido del Modelo Multidimensional de Liderazgo (MML) y las categorías de cohesión del Modelo de Cohesión de Carron en jugadores profesionales de balonmano. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 112 jugadores a los cuales se les administró los cu...

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar las diferencias entre las autopercepciones de las conductas de liderazgo preferido y percibido en jugadores de balonmano de élite en dos momentos diferenciados de la temporada. Paralelamente analizar las modificaciones existentes en las conductas en el transcurso de un periodo competitivo. La muest...

This study aimed to assess the validity of an on-court tennis test (SET-Test) and two heart rate (HR)-based methods for estimating oxygen uptake (V̇O2) in competitive tennis players. Thirty-five male players performed a SET-Test to relate test duration (min) and V̇O2. Two weeks later, sixteen players performed a simulated match play set where HR an...

The main aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of the use of a weighting set (Powerinstep®) on measures of stroke velocity (StV), accuracy and change of direction speed (CODS) in junior tennis players. A within-subjects design was used to evaluate seventeen (6 female and 11 male) tennis players (mean ± SD; 16.5 ± 1.3 years old; 1.7...

Objective The main aim of this study was to establish the relationship between strength, power characteristics, individual muscle stiffness, international tennis number (ITN), and stroke velocity (StV) in junior tennis players.Methods Twenty one junior male tennis players (mean ± SD; age, 17.0 ± 0.8 years; height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 72.3 ± 5.8...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los cambios de autopercepción de las cinco dimensiones de la escala de Liderazgo de Chelladurai durante un período competitivo en entrenadores de balonmano. La muestra estuvo formada por 15 entrenadores de la Liga española (ASOBAL) a los que se les administró el Cuestionario LSS3 (Leadership Scale for S...

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (a) definir una herramienta estandarizada de análisis técnico-táctico en pádel, (b) realizar un análisis descriptivo de las acciones de juego y aspectos tácticos en el pádel profesional masculino. Se utilizó un diseño observacional construyendo un instrumento de observación específico diseñado ad hoc. Se analiz...

The control and quantification of internal and external training load is essential to the correct design of training programs. In tennis, along with anaerobic, psychological and tactical abilities, technical skills and endurance conditioning are key to competitive performance. Therefore, it could be useful to use testing and training loads and meth...

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the post-activation potentiation effect on serve velocity and accuracy in young competition tennis players by using complex training and comparing different upper and lower body heavy load resistance exercises. Methods: Fifteen competition tennis players (9 boys and 6 girls, age 15.6 ± 1.5 years) performed 1...

La velocidad de golpeo es uno de los factores fundamentales para el rendimiento en tenis competitivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la velocidad de golpeo en tenis. 20 jugadores de nivel regional (promedio ± SD: edad 15.5 ± 0.9 años; peso 61.4 ± 7.6 Kg; talla 170.3 ± 9.4 cm) fueron...

Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse injury commonly known as “jumper’s knee” that causes pain in the inferior region of the patella. This pathology is recurrent in team sports and has more impact on male athletes. Some anatomical intrinsic factors and several extrinsic factors seem to be key in triggering this condition that is also increasingly ap...

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were (a) to examine the effects of a trail mountain race (TMR) on hydration status and neuromuscular performance of recreational trail runners and (b) to determine the relationship among these parameters, subject’s characteristics and competitive performance. METHODS: 35 male recreational trail runners (age, 38.1...

The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between maximum isometric strength levels in different upper and lower limb joints and serve velocity in competitive tennis players as well as to develop a prediction model based on this information. Twelve male competitive tennis players (mean ± SD; age: 17.2 ± 1.0 years; body height: 180.1 ±...

Objetivos. El propósito de este estudio fue describir la evolución de una serie de casos de futbolistas con dolor crónico en la zona inguinal tras someterse a un programa de readaptación basado en ejercicio hipopresivo (EH). Material y Método. Tres futbolistas de categoría regional con un rango de edad entre 24 y 27 años con síntomas de dolor cróni...

In recent years there has been an increased interest to assess physiological and technical parameters in tennis players; currently there are tests that allow registering these parameters in parallel on the tennis court. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between technical and physiological parameters resulting from the applicat...

The aims of this study were (i) to describe the relative intensity of simulated tennis play based on the cumulative time spent in three metabolic intensity zones, and (ii) to determine the relationships between this play intensity distribution and the aerobic fitness of a group of competitive players. 20 male players of advanced to elite level (ITN...

Alteration in muscular imbalances between homolateral and contralateral limbs has been associated with increased risk of injury. The objective of this study was to compare the isometric peak force of the domi- nant and the non-dominant upper limb in competition tennis players. Maximal isometric voluntary contraction was test- ed in 12 male competit...

The relationship between heart rate deflection point (HRDP) and the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) has been studied in continuous sports, but never in a tennis-specific test. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between HRDP and the VT2, and between the maximal test performance and the maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Abov...

Introduction During the past few years, numerous biomechanical studies have been conducted on the long jump event, some of them at international competitions. However, there are very few studies analysing and comparing athletes in other age categories during a competition. The purpose of this study is to find out if the determining variables in th...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of high prevalence worldwide, being the group comprised of children and adolescents the most affected. Its symptoms are characterized by cough, dysnea, wheezing, feeling of tightness in the chest and bronchoconstriction. Traditionally, it was thought that sport and physical exercise were contraindicated in a...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer los indicadores de carga externos del hockey sobre patines de OK Liga mediante la cuantificación de los tiempos de esfuerzo, tiempos de pausa y desplazamientos mostrados en competición. Se analizaron 6 partidos de la Copa del Rey 2012 anotando los datos de forma sistemática utilizando una hoja de registr...

La velocidad de golpeo es un factor importante para el rendimiento en el tenis actual. El principal objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos métodos de entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre la velocidad de golpeo. 20 jugadores de nivel regional (promedio ± SD: edad 15.5± 0.9 años; peso 61.4 ± 7.6 Kg; talla 170.3 ± 9.4 cm) fueron asignados al...

Introduction The tennis serve is a highly complex stroke because of the reliance on multiple body segments to produce power through properly timed rotations and complex coordinated muscular activations, as well as the most important from a strategic standpoint (Girard et al., 2007; Elliot, 2003). Therefore, strength levels in muscles related to the...

Introduction Tennis is physically demanding and imposes high-impact loading upon the upper extremity. Repetitive stress on the dominant side in tennis players creates anatomical differences between dominant and non-dominant upper limbs. Some of these differences are an increased size in bone mass and muscle structures and a greater arm concentric i...

El principal objetivo del entrenamiento de la resisten- cia en el jugador de tenis de competición es mejorar la habilidad para realizar ejercicios de alta intensidad de manera repetida, recuperarse rápidamente de los es- fuerzos y mantener dicha intensidad durante el juego, evitando o retardando de esta manera la aparición de la fatiga. Para el des...

The technical effectiveness of scrimmage (ET) has been identified as a good parameter for performance prediction in tennis and the hitting balls frequency (FGP), although being a loading and conditional parameter seldom used, is a suitable indicator to detect differences in the game. The aim of this study was to characterize the ET in relation to t...

The main objective of endurance training for competitive tennis players is to improve their ability to repeatedly undertake high intensity exercises, recover quickly from this effort, and maintain this intensity throughout the match, thereby avoiding or delaying the onset of fatigue. In order to develop the specific energy systems, players focus tr...

Hitting the ball at high speed is a decisive factor in performance in modern tennis. The last 20 years have seen a great deal of developments in the game, and the changes in modern tennis have led to the use of powerful services and baseline shots. Although strength is a key factor in terms of physical condition, little research has been done on th...

The ATP World Tour comprises more than 80 tournaments, in about 40 countries. It is organized in different categories which reflect prize money and ranking points. Currently, the players play more tournaments than ever and therefore have a few training and recovery periods. This study aim was to determine the relationships between performance and c...

The coordination level of the non-dominant extremity it is an efficiency factor that can influence the overall final performance of the two handed backhand stroke (COE,1999). This research paper, analyses the relationship between the coordination level of the non-dominant extremity at children, with the achieved technical performance of the two han...

Introducción Algunas características funcionales del tenista de competición pueden ser determinadas mediante una prueba de resistencia específica (SET-Test; Baiget, 2008), que permite valorar indicadores del rendimiento, fisiológicas y técnicas, permitiendo elaborar un perfil genérico de rendimiento. Material y métodos 38 jugadores de competición...

Resumen El rendimiento competitivo del tenista depende de diversos factores, siendo la efectividad técnica el mejor predictor del rendimiento, seguida de la resistencia y la potencia aeróbica, que explican conjuntamente más del 50% de la varianza en el nivel competitivo. Palabras clave Tenis, Rendimiento, Técnica, Consumo máximo de oxígeno, Umbr...

Introduction. This study aims to characterize the metabolic response during tennis singles match play in order to establish a bioenergetic profile of male singles tennis competition. Materials and methods. 20 male competitive players (4 ATP, 16 ITN 1-4) participated in 10 tennis singles matches to the best in two sets. Games were played on average-...

Introduction. A new procedure to assess tennis specific endurance was evaluated as to its application for testing and research purposes. Materials and methods. 38 trained male tennis players performed a maximal, incremental field test (SET-Test) conducted by a tennis ball throwing machine. 12 players performed the test three times, one with a porta...

Aunque la resistencia específica del jugador tiene una influencia directa sobre el rendimiento en el tenis, un deporte intermitente de larga duración, las pruebas utilizadas para valorarla no suelen incluir tareas motrices próximas a situaciones de juego reales y pueden ser consideradas de baja especificidad. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrol...

Es proposa, aplica i valida una prova per avaluar la resistència específica en jugadors de tennis de competició i es realitza una anàlisi de les demandes bioenergètiques d’un partit de tennis d’individuals. La recerca consta de tres estudis interrelacionats: un primer estudi es va centrar en el disseny d’una prova de resistència específica en tenni...

Introducción: El tenis es un deporte caracterizado por esfuerzos cortos de ejercicio intensivo basados en una serie de movimientos acíclicos dados de forma intermitente. El principal aprovisionador de energía es el sistema del fosfágeno (1,2,3,5,7). No obstante, el restablecimiento de ATP y fosfocreatina (Pc) en tenistas entrenados es principalment...

El tennis és un esport en el qual el nivell de resistència específica del jugador té una influència directa sobre el resultat competitiu. Es de vital importància que l'entrenador pugui controlar i avaluar aquesta resistència específica d'una forma seriosa, objectiva i d'una manera relativament pràctica i fàcil. Els test per valorar la resistència u...