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January 2012 - present
January 2004 - present
January 2002 - December 2009
Publications
Publications (99)
Solieria spp. (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) can be found in various habitats ranging from the marine environment to low-salinity estuarine environments. Of the commercially exploited carrageenophytes, some of the most abundant belong to the Solieriaceae family as, Kappaphycus, Eucheuma and Solieria. The supply of these seaweeds is ensure...
The potential of Indonesian bays as alginate producers was assessed by determining the stock of wild brown algae and exploring their biomass as alginophytes at the scale of entire bay, using a combination of field observations, remote sensing high resolution data and GIS tools. Ekas Bay in Lombok Island presented a stock of brown macroalgae which v...
The combination of in situ measurements, hydrodynamical modelling and satellite
imagery processing presents a complete tool to improve seaweed culture
management. This study measured the evolution of carrageenan content during one
year period, and estimated the biomass of Kappaphycus alvarezii at a bay scale in
Malasoro Bay, Indonesia. It allowed t...
This chapter presents a description of carbohydrates produced by macroalgae. A general description of seaweeds is provided together with a brief overview of the cell wall of these organisms and their harvesting worldwide. Definitions of mono-/di-, and polysaccharides are given to assist the reader in understanding the chapter. Because of the great...
Introduite au début des années 1970 sur les côtes du Finistère, l’algue rouge Grateloupia turuturu a vu ses populations s’accroître et s’étendre à l’ensemble des côtes de Bretagne depuis ces 15 dernières années. Grateloupia turuturu est une algue rouge qui présente un fort potentiel de prolifération grâce à certaines de ses caractéristiques intrins...
The present invention relates to manufg. process of mannosides I, wherein n represents an integer ranging between 0 and 3, preferentially n accounts for 0; X represents O, NR3 or S, preferentially X represents O; R1 represents CO2R4, COR4, CH2OR4, C(O) NR4R5, C(O) N(OR5) R4, CH2NR4R5, P(O) (OR4) (OR5) , P(O) (OR4) R5, SO2(OR4) or SO2NR4R5; R2 repre...
In the last decades, an upsurge in the occurrence of chronic diseases caused by hypertension and oxidative stress has been observed. The objective of this research was to isolate and characterize groups of antioxidant and anti-hypertensive natural bioactive peptides originating from hydrolyzed proteins of the red seaweeds Solieria chordalis and Pal...
Unlabelled:
Marine bacteria are a rich source of bioactive metabolites. However, the microbial diversity of marine ecosystem still needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteria with antimicrobial activities from various marine coastal environment of New Caledonia. We obtained 493 marine isolates from various...
Populations of Laminaria abyssalis, situated on the Southeastern brazilian continental shelf, were studied for length of fronds and stipes and for rates of alginic acid. Results showed that mean rates were high with a M/G ratio useful for gelling. Résumé Les populations de Laminaria abyssalis situées sur la plate—forme continentale sud—est du Brési...
Immunotherapy offers the potential for cure of malignancies without the side effects too commonly seen with conventionnal chemotherapy. Allogenic transplantation and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in hematological malingnancies illustrate this principle and are now part of routine care. But toxicity related to the transplant conditioning is high and...
The leaf oils of Psidium guajava and Psidium catlleyanum collected in French Polynesia have been examined for the first time in Tahiti by GC and combined GC/MS. The leaf oil of P. guajava contained a mixture of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.9%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20.9%) with β-caryophyllene (18.3%) as the principal sesquiterpene hydroc...
The influence of culture conditions on the biosynthesis and degradation of polysaccharides (starch and carrageenan) in the red alga Solieria chordalis was investigated. Following 1 week of incubation in the dark, the alga synthesized floridean starch at two irradiances, 50 and 480 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (400–700 nm), in nutrient-unenriched seawater....
The investigations reported here are about a carrageenan extracted from the abundant red alga, Solieria chordalis (Gigartinales) settled along the coasts of Brittany. Its structural features were characterized by GC–MS, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The structural components of this polysaccharide are mainly a (DA2S-G4S)-type structure in associ...
In this study, the antioxidant activity exhibited by crude extracts from 10 Phaeophyta species from Brittany coasts was assessed by three methods (DPPH, reducing activity and β-carotene–linoleic acid system), and their phenolic contents were examined. Antitumoural activities were determined by a cytotoxic assay with three different tumoural cells l...
We assessed the antioxidant activity of crude extracts from 24 rhodophyte species from Brittany coasts using three complementary methods (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl, reducing activity, and beta-carotene-linoleic acid system). We also examined phenolic contents. Cytotoxic activities were determined with three different cancer cell lines. Four spec...
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), one of the most popular aromatic plants, shows great variation in both morphology and essential oil components. In this study, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of three samples of basil of French Polynesia were investigated for the first time. The main constituents of the oil were (...
The red alga Solieria chordalis (J. Agardh) C. Agardh (Rhodophyta) was used as a model to investigate the effects of changes in seawater salinity on the
carbon/nitrogen ratio. Carbohydrates and nitrogenous metabolites are major components of this alga and their metabolisms are
intimately linked. Previous publications have provided a solid database...
The flux of photosynthetic carbon used in the synthesis of low-molecular weight carbohydrates (digeneaside and floridoside) was investigated by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy in samples of the red seaweed, Solieria chordalis, incubated at different salinities (22, 34 and 50 psu). Carbohydrates were labelled, by pulse-chase, with the stable isotope 13C...
X-ray diffraction analysis has been recently used to determine the crystal structure of the floridoside (2-O-alpha-d-galactopyranosylglycerol) isolated from red alga Palmaria palmata and Dilsea carnosa, respectively [Simon-Colin, C.; Michaud, F.; Léger, J.-M.; Deslandes, E. Carbohydr. Res.2003, 338, 2413-2416; Vonthron-Senechau, C.; Sopkova-de Oliv...
This study deals with two range-extending brown algae from Tahitian coral reefs, Sargassum mangarevense and Turbinaria ornata; their alginate properties, mannitol and phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined. Turbinaria ornata showed the richest alginate content with the highest extraction yield (19.2 ± 1.3% dw)....
The red alga Solieria chordalis was used as a model to investigate the effects of salt and light stress on the release of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs). We used a purge and trap technique coupled with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. S. chordalis was exposed to hyposaline (22 psu), hypersaline (50 psu...
Filariasis and Dengue Fever are two mosquito-borne diseases threatening French Polynesia. The potential vectors for transmission of these illnesses are Aedes aegypti (L.), the Yellow Fever mosquito, and Ae. polynesiensis Marks. A research program financed by the Ministry of Health of French Polynesia, the Establishment for Prevention and the Labora...
Marine macroalgae are particularly prone to epiphytism. The colonisation of their surface may lead to severe perturbations and sometimes to the death of the host. To protect themselves against settling and/or competing organisms, many algae have developed defences against fouling by producing a wide variety of chemically active metabolites. The goa...
The release of hydrogen peroxide by thallus fragments of the rhodophycean Solieria chordalis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh has been documented both in the presence and in the absence of oligosaccharides. Within 1 h, ramuli were able to release large amounts of peroxide in the absence of any chemical stress. Among potential elicitors tested, only degree of...
Many biological properties of algae have been found to have useful applications in human health, particularly in the fields of oncology and immunology. Floridoside, extracted from the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus, has a structure similar to the xenoantigen Gal alpha 1-3 Gal. This xenoantigen has been described to induce a high immune response in...
A novel chemotaxonomical method based on 1D (1)H HRMAS NMR spectroscopy is being tested for taxonomical purposes. This powerful technique allowed us to discriminate between specimens belonging to two sister species of Turbinaria, which are difficult to tell apart using only morphological characters. Based on spectra analysis, the results allowed us...
Isofloridosides (1-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylglycerol) and floridoside (2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylglycerol) were extracted from the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis (Linné) Kützing (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Their separation was achieved by HPLC (NH(2) P50 column) after successive purification of the crude extract by ion-exchange chromatography and HP...
The daily variations of phenol contents and antioxidant capacities were surveyed in a 32-h field experiment in three temperate brown seaweeds belonging to Fucales – Pelvetia canaliculata, Ascophyllum nodosum and Bifurcaria bifurcata – living at different intertidal levels — high-, mid- and low-tide level, respectively. Phenolic compounds of brown s...
This project is part of the Coral Reef Initiative in the South Pacific (CRISP), and involves research into active compounds isolated from marine organisms.
With the objective of making valuable use of the high biomass of Sargassaceae species found in tropical areas [1, 2], 4 species of Sargassum and 3 species of Turbinaria were collected in the So...
Greenhouse experiments were carried out to study the effects of heavy fuel oil contamination on the growth and the development of Salicornia fragilis Ball and Tutin, a salt-marsh edible species. Plants were sampled in spring at the "Aber du Conquet" (Finistère, France), and artificially exposed by coating shoot sections with N degrees 6 fuel oil or...
Biofouling is a potential problem for any surface immersed in the sea. For algae this can lead to its death; they have therefore developed biofouling defence mechanisms to prevent biofouling. Grateloupia turuturu was chosen as a model to isolate some structures with antifouling properties. The aims of our study were then (1) to identify and describ...
The red alga Mastocarpus stellatus is widely found on the coastline of Brittany (France) and it was previously reported to contain high amounts of floridoside, a well-known glycoside in red algae. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the potential interest of M. stellatus for indus-trial purposes. Floridoside extraction was optimized, hydroethanolic m...
Phylogenetic relationships of members of the tribe Salicornieae, native to the Atlantic coasts of France, were assessed by
three molecular markers: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the chloroplast trnL-F and the chloroplast matK sequences. In parallel to the phylogenetic studies, a population genetic study was carried out ba...
The introduced macroalga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt is currently observed along the coasts of Brittany. From February 2003 till June 2004, variations in density, reproductive status, length and phenolic content were assessed at three sites. Seasonal variability of the density was pronounced at two exposed sites (Fort Bloqué and Pointe du Di...
The sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Psammechinus miliaris are submitted to the same environmental conditions in the Bay of Brest. The relationship between seasonal changes in food source quality and their gonad production was investigated in reproducing experimentally these conditions. In a first stage two macroalgae (Palmaria palmata and Lam...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants of natural and anthropic origins. Despite their poor water solubility, they can be taken up and bioaccumulated by plants. This study was aimed at determining whether the PAHs present in sediments artificially polluted by heavy fuel oil are transferred to shoots of a coa...
A natural compound, glucocochlearin, was isolated from the aerial parts of 10 different Cochlearia species. The purification of this compound was achieved through HPLC. The identity of the product was established mainly on the basis of spectroscopic NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC, J-MOD) and high resolution mass spectroscopy data. This compo...
1. Subject and source Grateloupia turuturu Yamada (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) is a non-native alga that occurs along the coast of French Brittany. In the aim to valorise this large biomass, we investigated interesting biomolecules, especially lipidic metabolites. The material used in this investigation was collected in March 2004 at Fort Bloqué (Fr...
In a study of structural diversity in the total pool of phlorotannins in brown algae, we have shown, for the first time in any alga (by means of solvent partition and NMR experiments), that Fucus spiralis has simultaneous production of two types of polymeric phlorotannins of the fucol and fucophlorethol classes, respectively. These components exhib...
The Brassicaceae family is known to accumulate sulphur-containing compounds such as glucosinolates, plant secondary metabolites composed of a thioglucose group and an amino acid side-chain. Glucosinolate family consists of a wide variety of molecules owing to modification of the side-chain. In the genus Cochlearia, only C. anglica, C. danica and C....
Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, a new method was developed for the identification and the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plants. This method was particularly optimised for PAH analyses in marine plants such as the halophytic species, Salicornia fragilis Ball et Tutin. The saponification of samples and their...
Under limited nutrient availability (i.e. unenriched sea-water) and under 75 mol photons m–2 s–1 irradiance 12:12 LD, thalli of Solieria chordalis J. Agardh accumulated floridean starch and floridoside. When they were transferred into nutrient-enriched seawater (150 umol L−1 NO31- and 7 umol L−1 P043i at 35 umol photons m−2 s−1 in irradiance 12:12...
This study focuses on the intra-thallus variation in phlorotannin content and antioxidant activity in temperate brown seaweeds. Two species of Fucales (Ascophyllum nodosum and Sargassum muticum) and two species of Laminariales (Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea) were collected from the shoreline of Brittany (France). Both Fucales contained high...
With the aim to establish a conservation plan for the endangered Trichomanes speciosum Willd. in northwestern France, the "Conservatoire Botanique National" of Brest has carried out field work to collect appropriate information about this species. In particular, the data available about the type of habitat, abundance and ecology ,as well as the thr...
The structure of a polysaccharide from the red seaweed, Porphyra capensis, growing along the coast of Namibia and South Africa was investigated. Algae growing at different sites and collected at different times gave a polysaccharide extract with similar chemical components. FTIR and NMR spectral analysis showed that the polysaccharide from P. capen...
Coastal salt-marsh vegetations are directly exposed to accidental marine pollution by oil spill, as it was the case in winter of the year 2000 following Erika tanker oil spill in France. As petroleum is incorporated in sediment, it tends to coat aerial parts of plants. Among fuel hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most to...
By use of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy including 2D 1H,1H DQF-COSY/TOCSY and 1H,13C HMQC/HMBC experiments, the main water-soluble carbohydrate components extracted from leaves of Matricaria maritima were identified as oligofructans composed of a linear chain of (2-->1)-linked beta-D-fructofuranosyl residues specifying an inulin-type structure. Alpha...
Isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid) and floridoside (2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylglycerol) were extracted from the red alga, Grateloupia turuturu, and tested for anti-settlement activity against cyprid larvae of the tropical barnacle, Balanus amphitrite and for their toxicity to nauplius larvae. Isethionic acid was active for anti-settl...
The red alga Grateloupia doryphora Montagne (Howe) (Cryptonemiales, Halymeniaceae) was used as a model to investigate the effects of changes in seawater salinity on the intracellular low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Carbon-partitioning into major organic solutes was followed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on living alga...
We report here on a survey of phenolic contents in all seaweeds forming belts on a sheltered rocky shore in Brittany (France). Eight species of brown algae (7 Fucales and 1 Laminariales) were investigated over a 14-month period. Levels of phenolic compounds in members of the Fucales were generally above 2% DW and exceeded those found in the Laminar...
An unsual sulfoxide amino acid (4-methanesulfinyl-2-methylamino butyric acid) was isolated from the red macroalgae Grateloupia doryphora. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of analyses by NMR and Mass sepctroscopies.
The crystal structure and absolute configuration of natural floridoside (2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylglycerol) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The space group is orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1) with Z=4, a=4.885(1), b=9.734(1), c=23.886(2) A at 296 +/- 2 K. The structure was solved by a direct method and refined to R=0.0351...
The partial purification of UDP-glucose-4-epimerase was carried out on the red macroalga Solieria chordalis. A 60-fold purification factor was obtained by chromatography on DEAE Protein-Pack 8 HR and Superose 12. Gel-filtration fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) showed that the enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 130 kDa. The UDP-glucos...
The proximate composition, mineral and trace metal contents were determined for three different algal raw materials: attached Sargassum mangarevense, Turbinaria ornata and drift algae (almost entirely composed of these two species). Dietary fibre (38.1-42.8% dw) and ash (30.6-39.8% dw) were the most abundant constituents in all samples. A high prot...
Isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid) and N-methyl-L-methionine sulfoxide (4-methane sulfinyl-2-methylamino butyric acid) were isolated from the red alga Grateloupia doryphora (Cryptonemiales) collected from Brittany (France); they were identified as major organic solutes together with floridoside (α-D-galacto-pyranosyl-(1–2)-glycerol). T...
The floridoside content of the marine red alga Grateloupiadoryphora was measured using a new, alternative High PerformanceLiquid Chromatography method suitable for the analysis of a large number ofsamples. This assay was to study the quantitative changes in floridosideconcentration in G. doryphora cultivated in differentsalinities for 10 days. Mark...
Floridoside (2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylglycerol) was extracted from the red marine alga Rhodymenia palmata, and purified by ion-exchange chromatography: 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy experiments were used to unambiguously assign the complete 1H and 13C spectra.
Microbial mats that develop in shallow brackish and hyposaline ponds in the rims of two French polynesian atolls (Rangiroa and Tetiaroa) were intensively investigated during the past three years. Comparative assessment of these mats (called kopara in polynesian language) showed remarkable similarities in their composition and structure. Due to the...
An efficient method to assay both UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP-glucose-4-epimerase in a crude extract of the red seaweed, Solieria chordalis is described. The method is based on the direct quantification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the UDP-sugars generated in the reaction mixture. UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose a...
SummaryAfter a 7-day preconditioning in the dark in filtered seawater, excised fragments of Solieria chordalis were pooled before being distributed in culture tanks at three salinity conditions (22, 34, and 52 ‰). Algae cuts were taken from each tank at various incubation times to measure NDP-sugar pool size, floridoside, starch, and carrageenan yi...
Microbial mats present in two shallow atolls of French Polynesia were characterized by high amounts of exopolysaccharides
associated with cyanobacteria as the predominating species. Cyanobacteria were found in the first centimeters of the gelatinous
mats, whereas deeper layers showing the occurrence of the sulfate reducers Desulfovibrio and Desulfo...
Grateloupia doryphora (Montagne) Howe (Halymeniales, Halymeniaceae) has previously been reported for two locations along the Brittany coastline (France). Important ecological and morphological traits of the species in the breton populations are detailed here. Because of the impressive size it can reach, G. doryphora can be considered as the largest...
An unusual sulfated fucan-like polysaccharidecontaining aminosugar constituent was isolated fromthe brown Fucales, Turbinaria ornata. Itsantiproliferative effect on asynchronous cells of ahuman non-small-cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma line(NSCLC-N6) was studied in vitro. The kinetics ofcell growth further to the continuous exposure ofcells to T. o...
The nucleotides and nucleoside diphosphate monosaccharides (NDP-sugars), UDP-galactose, UDP-glucose, UDP, ATP, ADP, ADPglucose, AMP and NAD, some of which are involved in carrageenan biosynthesis, were identified in the two carrageenophytes Calliblepharis jubata and Solieria chordalis and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)....
The nucleotides and nucleoside diphosphate monosaccharides (NDP-sugars), UDP-galactose, UDP-glucose, UDP, ATP, ADP, ADPglucose, AMP and NAD, some of which are involved in carrageenan biosynthesis, were identified in the two carrageenophytes Calliblepharis jubata and Solieria chordalis and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)....
Photosynthetic activity of the recently-discovered red seaweed Grateloupia doryphora was investigated from oxygen measurements on samples collected in two areas of Brittany (France). Some photosynthetic parameters [maximum photosynthesis (Pmax) and dark respiration (R-d)] were studied after short-term incubation at different temperatures and salini...
Cell wall composition of dried sections of Solieria chordalis have been studied in situ using FTIR microspectrometry. Infrared profiles were found to be similar to that of extracted iota-carrageenan. Cortex, sub-cortex and medulla were compared for their iota-carrageenan content through analysis of ratios between peak heights. Discrepancies in sulf...
An enzyme able to catalyse the conversion of carrageenan percursors into iota-carrageenan has been demonstrated in the red alga Calliblepharis jubata using a procedure based on S-35-labelled carrageenan. Labelled carrageenan precursors were first obtained by feeding Calliblepharis jubata with (SO42-)-S-35-artificial seawater under optimal condition...
The red algal galactans; Ecophysiological studies of two carrageenophytes ( Calliblepharis jubata and Gigartina teedii; Cytological aspect of cell wall in Gelidium latifolium volume
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are characterized by specific physical and chemical parameters including high pressure, high temperature gradients and high concentrations of toxic elements. Bacteria recovered from hydrothermal vents were studied for their capability to produce polysaccharides in normal conditions. A first screening performed on mesophi...
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are characterized by unusual chemical and physical parameters, including high pressure and temperature. In this extreme environment, unusual microorganisms of biotechnological importance survive. Polymer-producing bacteria have been specifically studied for several years with the aim of demonstrating their ability to pro...
Carrageenan analyses ofChondrus crispus Stackhouse from Brittany, France, showed that the iridescent fronds always were kappa-carrageenan dominant and that the non-iridescent ones were lambda-carrageenan dominant, whatever their sizes and their vegetative or reproductive stages. Evidence is presented that the blue iridescence is independent of both...
The polysaccharide extracted from Schizymenia dubyi was studied with several methodes; multiple analysis demonstrate that the carrageenan is similar to lambda type.
Female gametophytes of Gigartina teedii collected on the coasts of Brittany (France) contain in equal proportion kappa- and iota-carrageenans. In order to increase exploitable quantities of G. teedii, by keeping high the yield of carrageenan, without modifying qualities of gelification or viscosity, we have studied in controlled culture the action...
The phycocolloids of female gametophytes ofGigartina teedii (Roth) Lamouroux harvested in Roscoff (Brittany, France) are a hybrid carrageenan resulting from juxtaposition of fragments of kappa-, iota-and nu-carrageenan. They represent 70% of the dry matter of the alga in summer. After alkaline transformation the proportion of iota-carrageenan incre...
The red alga Kallymenia reniformis (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales), collected on the west coast of Brittany, contained 13% ash, 5.6% crude protein and 38.7% soluble carbohydrate (on percent dry wt). The phycocolloid extract (38 % dried wt) was investigated using chemical and spectroscopic (IR and 13C NMR) methods. Preliminary results show that this po...
Carrageenans extracted under alkaline conditions were studied in some Rhodophyceae from the Normandy coast. Among these, four species yielding iota-carrageenan were studied throughout a whole year: Calliblepharis ciliata, Calliblepharis jubata, Cystoclonium purpureum and Gymnogongrus crenulatus. Carrageenan content varied with season, being maximal...
IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that iota-carrageenans are present in the gametophytic as well as in the tetrasporophytic stages of Cystoclonium purpureum.
The red alga, Halarachnion ligulatum contains a spk-like carrageenan. The IR and 13C NM R spectra indicate that the polysaccharide contains neocarrabiose sulphate units.
Solieria chordalis (C. Ag.) J. Ag., from three sites on the coast of Brittany, was found to grow between 0 and 5m below low tide level, in calm water. Seasonal observations have shown that the morphological variation of the alga is due mainly to the growth of lateral ramuli and fragmentation of the thalli. In the study area, the main period of grow...
To elucidate the possible implications of phenolic content in survival strategies of two tropical brown fucaleans, Tur-binaria ornata and Sargassum mangarevense, we deter-mined total phenolic contents in relation to ontogenic stages, and then followed spatio-temporal variations. Samples were collected at different sites and seasons. Both species ex...
