Eric P. Chassignet

• Ph.D.
• Managing Director at Florida State University

Accurate prediction of underwater sound speed and acoustic propagation is dependent on realistic representation of the ocean state and its underlying dynamics within ocean models. Stratified, high-resolution global ocean models that include tidal forcing better capture the ocean state by introducing internal tides that generate higher frequency (su...

In this study, we diagnose the spatial variability in the energetics of tidally generated diurnal, semidiurnal, and supertidal internal wave vertical modes (up to mode 6) in a 30-day forward global ocean model simulation with a 4-km grid spacing and 41 layers. This simulation is forced with realistic tides and atmospheric fields. While diurnal mode...

Deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable success in fields such as language processing and computer vision, routinely employed for tasks like language translation, image classification, and anomaly detection. Recent advancements in ocean sciences, particularly in data assimilation (DA), suggest that machine learning can emulate dynamical m...

The separation of fast (barotropic) and slow (baroclinic) motions into subsystems through barotropic-baroclinic splitting has been widely adopted in layered ocean circulation models. To date, the majority of models use finite difference or finite volume methods alongside this splitting technique. In this paper, we present an extension of the work i...

Predicting the ocean state in a reliable and interoperable way, while ensuring high-quality products, requires forecasting systems that synergistically combine science-based methodologies with advanced technologies for timely, user-oriented solutions. Achieving this objective necessitates the adoption of best practices when implementing ocean forec...

In this paper, the importance of model horizontal resolution in mixing and dispersion is investigated by comparing two data‐assimilative high‐resolution simulations (4 and 1 km), one of which is submesoscale‐permitting. By employing both Eulerian and Lagrangian metrics, upper‐ocean differences between the mesoscale‐resolving and submesoscale‐permit...

The capacity in monitoring and forecasting the global ocean is nowadays increased, thanks to the advancements in observing and in modelling the main physical ocean processes and dynamics. This has led to the growth of core services, devoted in providing free and open data, science-driven and based on users’ needs. Here we illustrate the fundamental...

Supporting Information for: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.09309

Ensemble forecasting has emerged as an essential approach for addressing the uncertainties inherent in ocean prediction, offering a probabilistic framework that enhances accuracy of both short-term and long-range forecasts. By more effectively addressing the intrinsic chaotic nature of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale variability, ensemble methods offer...

The current implementation of three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation in ocean forecast models generates spurious internal gravity waves, particularly in the near-inertial frequency range, during updates. The presence of these spurious near-inertial waves (NIWs) can severely impact the ocean energetics in the model and render the as...

The formation of cold, dense waters south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is one of the main drivers of the global overturning circulation, with major effects on the earth’s climate. A key region where dense waters are formed is the Ross Sea, which is separated from the ACC by the Ross Gyre. The strength and variability of the Ross Gyre...

This study utilizes Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to improve the K‐Profile Parameterization (KPP) for the vertical mixing effects in the ocean's surface boundary layer turbulence. The deep neural networks were trained using 11‐year turbulence‐resolving solutions, obtained by running a large eddy simulation model for Ocean Station Papa, to predict the...

Operational ocean forecasting systems provide important information on physical and biogeochemical variables across global, regional, and coastal scales. Regional systems, with higher resolution than global models, capture small-scale processes like eddies and tides, but lack detailed land-sea interactions essential for coastal areas. These models,...

The decomposition of oceanic flow into its geostrophically balanced and unbalanced motions carries theoretical and practical significance for the oceanographic community. These two motions have distinct dynamical characteristics and affect the transport of tracers differently from one another. The launch of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (S...

This study assesses the capability of a coarse-resolution ocean model to replicate the response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) to intensified westerlies, focusing on the role of the eddy transfer coefficient (κ). κ is a parameter commonly used to represent the velocities induced by unresolved eddies. Our findings rev...

In this paper, the importance of model horizontal resolution in identifying the nature of mixing and dispersion is investigated by comparing two data-assimilative, high-resolution simulations (4km and 1km), one of which is submesoscale-resolving. By employing both Eulerian and Lagrangian metrics, upper-ocean differences between the mesoscale- and s...

This study utilizes Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to improve the K-Profile Parameterization (KPP) for the vertical mixing effects in the ocean’s surface boundary layer turbulence. The DNNs were trained using 11-year turbulence-resolving solutions, obtained by running a large eddy simulation model for Ocean Station Papa, to predict the turbulence veloc...

Deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable success in fields such as language processing and computer vision, routinely employed for tasks like language translation, image classification, and anomaly detection. Recent advancements in ocean sciences, particularly in data assimilation (DA), suggest that machine learning can emulate dynamical m...

Internal tide generation and breaking play a primary role in the vertical transport and mixing of heat and other properties in the ocean interior, thereby influencing climate regulation. Additionally, internal tides increase sound speed variability in the ocean, consequently impacting underwater acoustic propagation. With advancements in large-scal...

In recent years, efforts have been made to include tides in both operational ocean models as well as climate and earth system models. The accuracy of the barotropic tides is often limited by the model topography, which is in turn limited by model horizontal resolution. In this work, we explore the reduction of barotropic tidal errors in an ocean ge...

The current implementation of data assimilation in Navy's ocean forecast models generates spurious internal waves. The presence of these spurious internal waves can severely impact the ocean energetics in the model and render the assimilative simulations much less useful for studying small-scale or high-frequency ocean dynamics. Our objectives are...

The roles of the Loop Current (LC) and associated eddies in driving the circulation of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) have been investigated for several decades from different perspectives. Nevertheless, a clear understanding of the relative contributions of the wind forcing and the Loop Current eddies (LCEs) to the GoM circulation and variability remain...

The persistent increase in marine plastic litter has become a major global concern, with one of the highest plastic concentrations in the world’s oceans found in the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR). In this study, we use marine plastic litter tracking simulations to investigate where marine plastic accumulates, i.e., hotspots, in the WCR and how the a...

Data assimilation (DA) combines observational data and the dynamical ocean model to forecast the ocean state in a matter that is not possible from either observations or models by themselves. However, the incorporation of data-derived corrections into the model introduces the potential to disrupt the dynamical balance of the model state, leading to...

This study evaluates the impact of increasing resolution on Arctic Ocean simulations using five pairs of matched low- and high-resolution models within the OMIP-2 (Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2) framework. The primary objective is to assess whether a higher resolution can mitigate typical biases in low-resolution models and improve th...

Data assimilation (DA) combines observational data and the dynamical ocean model to forecast the ocean state in a matter that is not possible from either observations or models by themselves. However, the incorporation of data-derived corrections into the model introduces the potential to disrupt the dynamical balance of the model state, leading to...

In contrast to the large volume of studies on the impact of horizontal resolution in oceanic general circulation models (OGCMs), the impact of vertical resolution has been largely overlooked and there is no consensus on how one should construct the vertical grid to represent the vertical structure of the baroclinic modes as well as the distribution...

The ocean mixed layer is the interface between the ocean interior and the atmosphere or sea ice and plays a key role in climate variability. It is thus critical that numerical models used in climate studies are capable of a good representation of the mixed layer, especially its depth. Here we evaluate the mixed-layer depth (MLD) in six pairs of non...

This study evaluates the impact of increasing resolution on Arctic Ocean simulations using five pairs of matched low- and high-resolution models within the OMIP-2 framework. The primary objective is to assess whether higher resolution can mitigate typical biases observed in low-resolution models and improve the representation of key climate-relevan...

The potential role of the New England seamount chain (NESC) on the Gulf Stream pathway and variability has been long recognized and the series of numerical experiments presented in this paper further emphasize the importance of properly resolving the NESC when modeling the Gulf Stream. The NESC has a strong impact on the Gulf Stream pathway and var...

In the last decades, the Arctic climate has changed dramatically, with the loss of multiyear sea ice one of the clearest consequences. These changes have occurred on relatively rapid timescales, and both accurate short-term Arctic prediction (e.g., 10 days to three months) and climate projection of future Arctic scenarios present ongoing challenges...

The potential role of the New England seamount chain (NESC) on the Gulf Stream pathway and variability has been long recognized and the series of numerical experiments presented in this paper further emphasize the importance of properly resolving the NESC when modeling the Gulf Stream. The NESC has a strong impact on the Gulf Stream pathway and var...

This study presents results from numerical model experiments with a high-resolution regional forecast system to evaluate model predictability of the Loop Current (LC) system and assess the added value of different types of observations. The experiments evaluate the impact of surface versus subsurface observations as well as different combinations a...

Marine plastic pollution poses a potential threat to the ecosystem, but the sources and their magnitudes remain largely unclear. Existing bottom-up emission inventories vary among studies for two to three orders of magnitudes (OMs). Here, we adopt a top-down approach that uses observed dataset of sea surface plastic concentrations and an ensemble o...

The ocean mixed layer is the interface between the ocean interior and the atmosphere or sea ice, and plays a key role in climate variability. It is thus critical that numerical models used in climate studies are capable of a good representation of the mixed layer, especially its depth. Here we evaluate the mixed layer depth (MLD) in six pairs of no...

Plain Language Summary Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has been accelerating in recent decades because of rising ocean and air temperatures. Warm ocean water in the deep basin from the subtropical North Atlantic is separated from the ice sheet margin (glacier termini in the Greenland fjords) by the shallower continental shelf region. In this stu...

The Loop Current (LC), which is the main mesoscale dynamic feature of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), has a major impact on the circulation and its variability in the interior Gulf. The LC is a highly variable and dynamic feature. It changes shape from a short jet connecting the two openings of the GoM in an almost straight line ("retracted phase") to a...

Accurate representation of air‐sea interaction is crucial to numerical prediction of the ocean, weather, and climate. Sea surface temperature (SST) gradients and surface currents in the oceanic mesoscale regime are known to have significant influence on air‐sea fluxes of momentum. Studies based on high‐resolution numerical models and observations r...

The wavenumber spectral slope of sea surface height (SSH) computed within the mesoscale range (70–250 km) from satellite altimetry exhibits a large spatial variability which, until now, has not been reproduced in numerical ocean models. This study documents the impacts of including internal tides, high‐resolution bathymetry, and high‐frequency atmo...

Loop Current Frontal Eddies (LCFEs) are known to intensify and assist in the Loop Current (LC) eddy shedding. These eddies can also modify the circulation in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) by attracting water and passive tracers such as chlorophyll and pollutants to the LC-LCFE front. During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, part of the oil w...

Loop Current Frontal Eddies (LCFEs) are known to intensify and assist in the Loop Current (LC) eddy shedding. In addition to interacting with the LC, these eddies also modify the circulation in the eastern Gulf of Mexico by attracting water and passive tracers such as chlorophyll, Mississippi freshwater, and pollutants to the LC-LCFE front. During...

With the increase in computational power, ocean models with kilometer-scale resolution have emerged over the last decade. These models have been used for quantifying the energetic exchanges between spatial scales, informing the design of eddy parametrizations, and preparing observing networks. The increase in resolution, however, has drastically in...

The South Atlantic Ocean plays an important role in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), connecting it to the Indian and Pacific Oceans as part of the global overturning circulation system. Yet, there are still open questions regarding the relative importance of the warm water versus cold water sources in the upper limb of the AM...

With the increase in computational power, ocean models with kilometer-scale resolution have emerged over the last decade. These models have been used for quantifying the energetic exchanges between spatial scales, informing the design of eddy parametrizations and preparing observing networks. The increase in resolution, however, has drastically inc...

Understanding and sustainably managing complex environments such as marine ecosystems benefits from an integrated approach to ensure that information about all relevant components and their interactions at multiple and nested spatiotemporal scales are considered. This information is based on a wide range of ocean observations using different system...

The impact of increasing Greenland freshwater discharge on the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) remains unknown as there are uncertainties associated with the time scales of the Greenland freshwater anomaly (GFWA) in the SPNA. Results from numerical simulations tracking GFWA and an analytical approach are employed to estimate the response time sugges...

Eddying global ocean models are now routinely used for ocean prediction, and the value-added of a better representation of the observed ocean variability and western boundary currents at that resolution is currently being evaluated in climate models. This overview article begins with a brief summary of the impact on ocean model biases of resolving...

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and mo...

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and mo...

A recently assembled South China Sea Physical Oceanographic Dataset provides the first observational evidence for mixed layer salinity changes in the South China Sea from 1960 to 2015. During this period, the mixed layer waters freshened by 0.22 psu. The mixed layer salinity variability is found to be in sync with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation; i...

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT) (Thunnus thynnus) travel long distances to spawn in oligotrophic regions of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) which suggests these regions offer some unique benefit to offspring survival. To better understand how larval survival varies within the GoM a spatially explicit, Lagrangian, individual-based model was developed that simu...

Fine‐scale motions (<100 km) contribute significantly to the exchanges and dissipation of kinetic energy in the upper ocean. However, knowledge of ocean kinetic energy at fine‐scales (in terms of density and transfers) is currently limited due to the lack of sufficient observational data sets at these scales. The sea‐surface height measurements of...

Since the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GOMRI) has studied the oil spill from the perspectives of ocean environment, ecosystems, socioeconomics and human health. As GOMRI sunsets in its tenth year after the DWH oil spill, synthesis efforts recently took place to assess the accomplishments of the pro...

In the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon event, GoMRI-funded research consortia carried out several field campaigns in the northern Gulf of Mexico with the objectives of understanding physical processes that influence transport of oil in the ocean and evaluating the accuracy of current-generation ocean models. A variety of new instruments were cre...

Although great progress has been made to advance the scientific understanding of oil spills, tools for integrated assessment modeling of the long-term impacts on ecosystems, socioeconomics and human health are lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework that could be used to answer stakeholder questions about oil spil...

Plastic is the most abundant type of marine litter and it is found in all of the world’s oceans and seas, even in remote areas far from human activities. It is a major concern because plastics remain in the oceans for a long time. To address questions that are of great interest to the international community as it seeks to attend to the major sourc...

The fate and dispersal of oil in the ocean is dependent upon ocean dynamics, as well as transformations resulting from the interaction with the microbial community and suspended particles. These interaction processes are parameterized in many models limiting their ability to accurately simulate the fate and dispersal of oil for subsurface oil spill...

Physical transport processes such as the circulation and mixing of waters largely determine the spatial distribution of materials in the ocean. They also establish the physical environment within which biogeochemical and other processes transform materials, including naturally occurring nutrients and human-made contaminants that may sustain or harm...

Ocean circulation models allow us to identify and characterize complex and diverse physical mechanisms in the ocean. The field of ocean modeling has matured, in large part, because of strong cross-disciplinary collaborations and the consolidation of efforts that took place among different groups involved in the various applications and dimensions o...

Purpose of Review. Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for improved parameterisations to represent the ocean mesoscale. Recent Findings. The majority of centres participating in CMIP6 employ ocean components with resolutions of about...

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Acknowledgements section.

Atlantic Bluefin tuna (ABT) ( Thunnus thynnus ) travel long distances to spawn in oligotrophic regions of the Gulf of Mexico. To estimate regional larval ABT mortality, we developed a spatially-explicit, Lagrangian, individual-based model that simulates dispersal, growth, and mortality within realistic predator and prey fields during the spawning p...

This paper presents global comparisons of fundamental global climate variables from a suite of four pairs of matched low- and high-resolution ocean and sea ice simulations that are obtained following the OMIP-2 protocol (Griffies et al., 2016) and integrated for one cycle (1958–2018) of the JRA55-do atmospheric state and runoff dataset (Tsujino et...

Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident of a massive blow-out in the Gulf of Mexico, scientists from government, industry, and academia collaborated to advance oil spill modeling and share best practices in model algorithms, parameterizations, and application protocols. This synergy was greatly enhanced by research funded under the Gulf of Me...

We present a new framework for global ocean–sea-ice model simulations based on phase 2 of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP-2), making use of the surface dataset based on the Japanese 55-year atmospheric reanalysis for driving ocean–sea-ice models (JRA55-do). We motivate the use of OMIP-2 over the framework for the first phase of OMIP (...