Enrique M. Saldarriaga

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC · Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention

Introduction: Recent advances in long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) could provide new options for HIV treatment and reduce adherence barriers, if regimens are acceptable to patients. We elicited preferences for key attributes of potential LA-ART regimens among people with HIV (PWH) in the United States, focusing on four treatment modes (o...

Objective: To examine the characteristics of people with HIV (PWH) who prefer remaining on daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), rather than switching to long-acting ART (LA-ART). Design: Building upon a discrete choice experiment (DCE), we examined characteristics of individuals who always selected their current daily oral tablet regimen ove...

Introduction Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition, but coverage remains low in high prevalence settings. Initiating and continuing PrEP via online pharmacies is a promising strategy to expand PrEP uptake but little is known about user preferences for this strategy. We describe methods for a discrete choi...

Background Sabes, a treatment-as-prevention intervention among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru, was developed to identify HIV during early primary infection (<3 months from acquisition) through monthly serologic assays and HIV RNA tests. Newly diagnosed individuals were rapidly linked to care and offered to initiate AR...

Background Cost data of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling programs from low-and-middle-income countries is limited. We estimated the total and unit costs associated with the Hope Project, a community-based HPV self-sampling social entrepreneurship in Peru. Methods We conducted a micro-costing analysis from the program perspective to determi...

Objectives To estimate the cost of six different techniques used to treat Genital Warts and the annual average cost of treating a typical GW patient in Peru. To estimate the annual economic burden diagnosing and treating GW in the Peruvian public healthcare system. Methods We developed a prevalence-based, cost-of-illness study from the provider’s...

Background The Renal Health Program (RHP) was implemented in 2013 as a secondary prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of patients initiating dialysis and overall mortality. A previous study found that adherent patients have 58% protection against progression to dialysis compared to non-adherent. The main objective of the study was to estimat...

Objectives To rank the US payers’ preferences for attributes of real-world evidence (RWE) studies in the context of chronic disease and to quantify trade-offs among them. Methods We conducted a discrete choice experiment in which 180 employees from payer organizations were tasked to choose between 2 RWE studies assuming they were assessing evidenc...

Background: Local estimates of HIV-prevalence provide information that can be used to target interventions and consequently increase the efficiency of resources. This enhanced allocation can lead to better health outcomes, including the control of the disease spread, and for more people. Methods: In this study, we used the DHS data phase V to esti...

Background Cost is an essential component of economic evaluations and a determinant of implementation feasibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling programmes. Yet, reliable evidence that can be used in low-income and middle-income countries, where cervical cancer burden is highest, remains scarce. Here, we estimate the total and unit cos...

Introduction: Rubella vaccines have been used to prevent rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in several World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Mathematical modelling studies have simulated introduction of rubella-containing vaccines (RCVs), and their results have been used to inform rubella introduction strategies in several countries....

Local estimates of HIV-prevalence provide information that can be used to target interventions and consequently increase the efficiency of the resources. This closer-to-optimal allocation can lead to better health outcomes, including the control of the disease spread, and for more people. Producing reliable estimates at smaller geographical levels...

Both low family socioeconomic status (SES) and low neighborhood SES have been associated with higher levels of childhood obesity. However, little is known about how these two factors operate together. The purpose of this study was to determine if the association between neighborhood SES and obesity varies across household SES. We used the first-gra...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of adherence to a multidisciplinary renal health program in reducing mortality and progression to hemodialysis. METHODS We used a database that included patient monitoring (2013-2017), dialysis admissions and all cause of mortality in Peru. Adherence to the program was established by meeting minimum visits d...

Background. The Renal Health Program (RHP) was implemented in 2013 as a secondary prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of patients starting dialysis and overall mortality. A previous study found that adhered patients have 58% protection against progression to dialysis compared to non-adhered. Objective. We aim to estimate the lifetime econom...

To develop an alternate functional form for the relationship between weight and height, named Health Mass Index (HMI = weight/height^x), that can estimate a metric with a higher correlation with health outcomes than the traditional Body Mass Index (BMI=weight/height^2). We used a Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a latent variable, deterministic...

OBJECTIVES : An interdisciplinary program of secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease was implemented in a reference hospital of the social security of Peru in 2013, with the aim to reduce the incidence of dialysis and overall mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. A previous study showed the intervention provided a protection of...

OBJECTIVES : Peru presents high prevalence of overweight and obesity, 36% and 18%, respectively. Economic determinants play an important role in this context, but it’s unclear what’s the effect of the income over the BMI. Mostly, because there's a setting dependency in the association. With the aim to have a comprehensive analysis we estimate the i...

The purpose of this study was to study the differences in the BMI-income relationship across wealth categories to better understand the risk of obesity associated to changes in income in Peru. We used the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2008, which includes sociodemographic and economic information at the household level, as well as weight and he...

Introduction Genital Warts (GW) is caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), most frequently by the subtypes 6 and 11. Most of the cases are asymptomatic or self-limited, however the infection could evolve to cause pain, itching, and psychological effects including shame and social discrimination. In Peru, GW had called very limited public attention....

Introduction In 2014 we performed focus groups with local authorities from five different municipalities in Lima to collect information about their concern for climate change and their willingness to implement mitigation or adaptation strategies in their own municipalities. We found: 1. Mismatch between individuals´concernindividuals´concern and in...

Background Prevention and control of chronic diseases is a high priority for many low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of training pharmacy workers to provide point-of-care testing for 3 chronic diseases—hypertension, diabetes, and anemia—to improve disease detection and awareness through private...

La obra por la cual el economista escocés Angus Deaton ganó el Premio Nobel de economía 2015 se resume en la manera cómo dio respuesta a dos interrogantes: Cómo los individuos distribuyen su ingreso entre los diferentes bienes (productos) y cuánto del ingreso de una persona es gastado y cuánto ahorrado.

Climate change poses multiple risks to the population of Lima, the largest city and capital of Peru, located on the Pacific coast in a desert ecosystem. These risks include increased water scarcity, increased heat, and the introduction and emergence of vector-borne and other climate sensitive diseases. To respond to these threats, it is necessary f...

Focus Group Questionnaire—Facilitator’s Guide. (DOCX)

Climate change poses multiple risks to the population of Lima, the largest city and capital of Peru, located on the Pacific coast in a desert ecosystem. These risks include increased water scarcity, increased heat, and the introduction and emergence of vector-borne and other climate sensitive diseases. To respond to these threats, it is necessary f...