Enric Gisbert

IRTA Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology | IRTA · Aquaculture Programme

In many meta-analyses and literature reviews on fish microbiota, the provenance of the animals (farmed vs. wild) is often overlooked. Given the well-established role of diet as a key factor in shaping gut microbiota, this study investigates the impact of dietary nature by comparing the microbiota of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a commercia...

Trichodinidae, a prevalent group of protozoan ectoparasites in aquaculture, cause rapid mortality in fish hatcheries. Despite their significance, knowledge about these parasites in farmed fish in South America, especially in native species that are currently being domesticated for aquaculture, remains limited. This study morphologically characteriz...

The increasing market demands have led the shrimp farming industry to intensify production systems over the last decades. In the past 20 years, shrimp diseases (white spot syndrome virus and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease among others) have caused critical economic losses that seriously threaten shrimp farming practices and the sustainabil...

Sciaenidae is the family of marine fish that has the highest aquaculture growth and production in the world. In this study, the global production, historical characteristics, biological aspects, and aquaculture technologies used for the Sciaenid species with the highest aquaculture production were compiled and analyzed to determine the success fact...

A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) with defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) on the growth performance and fillet quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The largemouth bass was divided into six groups (BSFL0, BSFL15, BSFL30, BSFL45, BSFL75, and BSFL100) and fed six i...

The combined production of three varieties of lettuce (romaine, iceberg, and red leaf) with flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was tested in triplicate in three independent coupled aquaponic units with no thermal control. For this purpose, a total of 114 fish (2.5 kg/m3) were stocked in each fish tank (2 m3), and 92 lettuces were planted in the...

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with a mixture of a single cell ingredient (SCI) (bacterial protein, yeast protein and algae) for organic aquaculture. Sea bream with an initial mean body weight of 6.87±0.07 g were randomly allocated to 250-litre tanks. Four iso-nitrogenous, i...

The goal of the present research was to assess how two immunomodulators, raffinose and hesperidin alone or in combination, affected the innate immune system and growth performance of common carp. Fish with an initial weight of 33.94 ± 1.45 g were fed the following experimental diets for 56 days: control (without supplementation, T 1 ), 2.0 g kg − 1...

In the present study, we propose the use of swabs in non-lethal sampling procedures to collect the mucosa-adhered gut microbiota from the posterior intestine of fish, and therefore, we compare the bacterial communities collected by conventional scraping and by swabbing methods. For this purpose, samples of the posterior intestine of rainbow trout (...

In the current study, the performance of soybean lecithin-enriched adult Artemia franciscana and its beneficial effects as a replacement for commercial diet were evaluated by determining the biochemical and fatty acid composition of broodstocks and eggs of green terror cichlid ( Aequidens rivulatus ) for 90 days. Eight hundred and ten fish (3.1 ± 0...

A 56-days nutritional trial was conducted to examine the influence of including a corn-oil based diet with lysolecithin (LL) on stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles. Fish were fed four experimental diets (44% crude protein, 15% crude lipid) containing graded levels of LL [0 (control),0.5, 1 and 2%)]. One hundred and eighty juvenile fis...

Inter-species microbial transplantations offer the possibility of transferring species-specific microbes and their associated functionality. As a conceptual approach, an intestinal microbiota transplant (IMT) between two marine carnivorous fish species that thrive in different environmental conditions was conducted: from donor Atlantic salmon ( Sal...

Changes in the gut microbial assemblages associated with dietary changes are still poorly explored, but may have profound effects in the life-history and physiology of fishes. Here, we have investigated the influence of the diet type on the autochthonous gut microbiomes of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ). We conducted a 60-day assay in which a...

In recent years, insect meal has attracted increasing interest as an innovative protein source to replace fish meal in feed formulations due to its valuable nutritional profile. This research aimed to compare the effects of different levels of dietary inclusion of the yellow mealworm beetle (T. molitor) larvae meal on the sensory quality of rainbow...

To understand the microbiome composition and interplay among bacterial communities in different compartments of a coupled freshwater aquaponics system growing flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa), 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 region was analysed from each compartment (fish intestine, water from the s...

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a serious and emerging disease caused by a group of strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and affects farmed shrimp, particularly whiteleg shrimps (Liptopenaeus vannamei). The objective of this study is to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with two dosages of an essential oil mixture (Phyto...

Simple Summary Sustainable strategies for improving blue food economies are essential in order to design a new approach to transitioning towards more responsible, comprehensive, exploitable production and consumption models that have a positive impact on society and the environment. Among different fish farming systems, biofloc technology (BFT) is...

This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata; 44.1 ± 4.2 g). During 90 days, fish were fed three experimental diets with low inclusion of fish oil and containing poultry fat as the main source of lipids,...

The identification of skeletal elements, the analysis of their developmental sequence, and the time of their appearance during larval development are essential to broaden the knowledge of each fish species and to recognize skeletal abnormalities that may affect further fish performance. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a general description o...

The present study explores the effects of two supplementation levels of Debaryomyces hansenii (1.1% and 2.2%) as a probiotic in a reference low fish meal-based diet on the skin mucosal tissue in Sparus aurata. This study includes the evaluation of fish performance coupled with a holistic study of the skin mucosa: i) a transcriptomic study of the sk...

Background: The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance, makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth, health, and well-being of farmed animals. Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i) promote cell proliferation and differentia...

Compendio sobre especies de peces cultivados el Iberoamérica.

The capacity of utilising a single cell protein (SCP) ingredient coming from Corynebacterium glutamicum was assessed on adult grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) reared in captive conditions. The experiment was carried out using triplicate groups of grey mullet of 68 g average initial body weight. Three diets, SCP0, SCP10 and SCP20 with increasing inclusi...

Novel insights were provided by contrasting the composition of wild and farmed fish gut microbiomes because the latter had essentially different environmental conditions from those in the wild. This was reflected in the gut microbiome of the wild Sparus aurata and Xyrichtys novacula studied here, which showed highly diverse microbial community stru...

Given their role in lipid digestion, feed supplementation with bile salts could be an economic and sustainable solution to alterations in adiposity and intestinal inflammation generated by some strategies currently used in aquaculture. An important part of the metabolism of bile salts takes place in the intestine, where the microbiota transforms th...

This work aimed to determine the physicochemical and biochemical properties of trypsin from beluga Huso huso and sevruga Acipenser stellatus, two highly valuable sturgeon species. According to the results obtained from the methods of casein-zymogram and inhibitory activity staining, the molecular weight of trypsin for sevruga and beluga was 27.5 an...

For the majority of fish species, regardless of being gastric or agastric, trypsin and chymotrypsin are known as the two main alkaline proteases responsible for the initial stage of protein hydrolysis in the fish intestine. Although the critical role of these proteases for protein hydrolysis in fish intestine is without doubt, the relative input of...

Fish larvae suffer high starvation mortality during the transition from yolk absorption to exogenous feeding, and the size of the developing buccal structures limits the food they can consume. Determining the suitable timing and size of live or inert foods could decrease this mortality. We described mouth development and determined the yolk absorpt...

Blood by-products are an untapped source of high-quality ingredients for aquafeeds, containing a broad variety of cytokines, hormones, growth factors, proteins, bioactive peptides, and amino acids. The effects of the spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), a type of processed animal protein on several immune parameters, were evaluated in sea bream using...

To assess the lipid requirements of O. macrolepis broodstock, five iso-nitrogenous diets (39 g kg−1) with five lipid levels, 50 (5 L), 70 (7 L), 90 (9 L),110 (11 L), and 130 (13 L; g kg−1), were made. A total of 105 three-year-old individuals (50.11 ± 2.86 g per fish) were divided into five groups (triplicate per group) and were fed with the diets,...

This study evaluated the effects of different dietary inclusion levels of fermented soybean meal (FSM) as replacement for fish meal and their effects on the productive performance and intestinal condition of goldfish (Carassius auratus) produced in biofloc (BFT) system. Five isoproteic (39.5% crude protein) and isoenergetic diets (4250 kcal kg−1 of...

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) tend to increase fat deposition during summer farming conditions in the Mediterranean, which may negatively affect productive performance and consumers’ quality perception of the final product. Therefore, this study evaluated the impacts of protein to lipid ratios in low fishmeal/fish oil diets on growth performanc...

Objectives: i) To know the movement patterns of European eel (Anguilla anguilla), twaite shad (Alosa fallax) and mullets (Chelon ramada, Chelon labrosus and Mugil cephalus) in the lower stretch of the Ebre river. ii) To determine the magnitude of possible problems, mainly related to downstream fish migration and invasive species (as blue crab (Ca...

Pseudoplatystoma punctifer is a highly appreciated fish species native to the Amazon basin, whose commercial farming has been hampered by low survival during early life stages due to the high incidence of cannibalism and the low acceptability of compound diets at weaning. Dietary DHA is known to promote digestive system development and maturation a...

In this study, we evaluated the replacement of dietary protein sources like fishmeal (FM) and plant proteins (PP) by Brewer’s spent dry yeast (SDY) on the transcriptomic response (RNA-seq, NextSeq500 platform Illumina) in the liver, anterior-mid intestine, and head kidney in juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The inclusion of SDY at 3...

A partir de la conformación de la Red LarvaPlus financiada por el CYTED (Convocatoria 2016), se colaboró en la edición de un libro que muestre los avances de especies de peces nativas de interés comercial para la acuicultura en diversos países de Iberoamérica, con la colaboración de todos los miembros pertenecientes a la Red. El libro muestra los a...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized w...

The spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is an abattoir by-product used in animal nutrition with beneficial effects reported in livestock and commercial aquatic species. Previous results have found that the dietary inclusion of SDPP in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) increased the density of intestinal goblet cells, and it did not result in signifi...

The transcriptomic response of the head kidney, the main lymphohematopoietic tissue of the body, was evaluated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts fed a functional feed containing a phytogenic rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid. Fish (initial body weight = 55.0 ± 0.1 g) were fed two experimental diets (40% crude pr...

To provide practical feeding management guidelines preceding a stressful episode during farming practices, European sea bass juveniles (initial weight: 72.3 g) were fed for 60-days different fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) dietary levels [high (30% FM, 15% FO, FM30/FO15), intermediate (20% FM, 7% FO, FM20/FO7), and low (10% FM, 3% FO, FM10/FO3)] i...

In the present study, the modulation of the transcriptional immune response (microarray analysis) in the head kidney (HK) of the anadromous fish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a diet supplemented with an olive fruit extract (AQUOLIVE®) was evaluated. At the end of the trial (133 days), in order to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of t...

The effect of different feeding regimes on the circadian rhythms of pancreatic digestive enzyme activities was evaluated in Mugil cephalus fry weighting 0.34 ± 0.01 g. Feeding regimes (feeding ration = 3% stocked biomass) differed on the number of meals offered per day: one, two and ten meals per day (R1, R2 and R3, respectively). The number of mea...

The ontogeny of the digestive capacities in fish is species-specific and its knowledge is essential for understanding the nutritional requirements of fish larvae. While the Amazon basin contains the world's highest fish biodiversity, the molecular basis of the early digestive physiology of the fish species from the Amazon basin have not been report...

AQUACULTURE OF THE SCIAENIDAE FAMILY: MAIN SPECIES CULTIVATED WORLDWIDE AND EMERGING SPECIES IN LATIN AMERICA

Tools are required for quick and easy preliminary evaluation of functional feeds efficiency on fisheries. The analysis of skin mucus biomarkers is a recent alternative approach providing a faster feed-back from the laboratory which is characterized by being less invasive, more rapid and with reduced costs. The effect of replacing fishmeal and fish...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with soybean protein concentrates (SPC) on the intermediary metabolism and health of Totoaba macdonaldi juveniles. Fish (initial weight 50 ± 1 g) were fed for 60 days with eight diets: a reference diet (RD) and seven experimental diets where FM was replaced gradually with 15 to...

The present research was conducted to provide insight into digestive larval capacity in Acanthopagrus latus larvae from hatching up to 30 days after hatching (DAH). Newly hatched larvae were stocked into six 300-L cylindrical polyethylene tanks at a density of larvae 50 larvae/L and reared by means of the green water system using Nannochloropsis oc...

Aquaculture production, as a global industrial activity, accounts for at least 50% of all finfish consumed in the world, and this fast-growing industry has been fueled by manufactured compound aquafeeds. In 2018, the aquaculture industry produced ca. 114,508,041.8 t of seafood (US$263.4 billion), of which 54.3 MT were finfish (US$ 138.5 billion) pr...

The effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate (PPH) on growth, feed efficiency, and immune responses was evaluated in Sparus aurata. Fish were fed two isoproteic (48% protein), isolipidic (17% fat), and isoenergetic diets (21.7 MJ/kg) diets, one of them containing 5% PPH at the expense of fishmeal. Both diets were tested for 92 days. A signific...

Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among the most promising ones. A wide spectrum of phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes and organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their growth promoting, antimicrobi...

Catfish (Siluriformes) are important species for aquaculture worldwide, with an annual production in 2018 of ca. 6 million t. This review focuses on reassessing larval development, first feeding, and early rearing practices of the most important farmed catfish species, along with some candidate species for aquaculture diversification: Pangasianodon...

The inclusion of a medicinal plant leaf extract (MPLE) from sage (Salvia officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid, was evaluated in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a low fishmeal-based diet (48% crude protein, 17% crude fat, 21.7 MJ kg⁻¹, 7% fishmeal, 15% fish oil) fo...

The effects of dietary phospholipids (PL) on the performance of juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) was evaluated in terms of growth and feed efficiency parameters, muscle and liver fatty acid profiles, activity of digestive and antioxidative stress enzymes, and expression of lipoprotein lipase (lpl) and insulin-like growth factor (igf...

A 30-day study was carried out to determine the influence of different weaning strategies (WS) on growth and survival rates, stress resistance, digestive enzyme activities and whole body fatty acid profiles in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) larvae. Thus, eight WS were designed by combining live foods (LF) (rotifers and Artemia) and a micr...

One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial grow...