Enoch F. Sam- PhD Transportation Sciences; PGDTLHE
- Associate Professor at University of Education, Winneba
Enoch F. Sam
- PhD Transportation Sciences; PGDTLHE
- Associate Professor at University of Education, Winneba
Currently working on "Safe system for radical improvement of road safety in low-and middle-income African countries"
About
35
Publications
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Introduction
A Transport Geographer with research interests in Traffic safety, Public transport safety management, Traffic behaviour of VRUs, and Sustainable urban mobility. Currently implementing the following projects: "Safe system for radical improvement of road safety in low-and middle-income African countries" (AfroSAFE) (EU-Horizon- funded) and "Barriers to full enforcement of environmental regulations to manage air pollution on urban roads in Ghana" (Clean Air Fund (CAF)-funded).
Current institution
Additional affiliations
August 2013 - present
August 2020 - August 2022
July 2018 - February 2022
Education
September 2016 - November 2019
June 2009 - September 2011
Publications
Publications (35)
Encouraging public transport use implies the need to make it attractive to commuters through regular service quality evaluation and modification. Understanding user expectations of public transport are thus valuable, and the evaluations/perceptions are a useful way to gauge the performance of the public transport for core users. Using the SERVQUAL...
Notwithstanding the growing body of literature that recognises the importance of personal safety to public transport (PT) users, it remains unclear what PT users consider regarding their safety. In this study, we explore the criteria PT users in Ghana use to assess bus safety. This knowledge will afford a better understanding of PT users' risk perc...
Public transport (PT) passengers make safety evaluations, yet to the best of our knowledge, there exists no instrument that captures what is considered by public transport users when they make such personal safety evaluations. What exists is a generalised service quality scale (SERVQUAL). Unfortunately, this scale does not adequately capture the co...
We examined the predictive validity of the public bus passenger safety attitude scale (PBPSAS), a measure of personal safety attitude (PSA), to predict future intention to use public bus/minibus for long-distance trips. Using 510 adults, we tested among other things the hypothesis that PSA has a positive significant effect on future intentions to u...
The current safety concerns with buses/minibuses (public transport) in both developed and developing countries have warranted a renewed interest in bus/minibus safety research. Prior to this, there was a paucity of research in this domain especially in developed countries where the safety associated with buses was deemed adequate. In this study, we...
Road safety education among school children is a critical issue that needs to be addressed as African countries record more road traffic-related deaths and disabilities. Despite efforts to increase road safety education across various mediums, basic schools in Ghana have received little of such attention despite
their role in socialisation. This st...
Walking is a fundamental mode of transport for many people globally, with immense health and environmental benefits. However, increased walking is associated with an increased risk of road traffic crashes and injuries, especially where traffic enforcement is poor, and pedestrians could easily be distracted. Despite this, a plethora of evidence exis...
Access to public transport services is crucial to the enjoyment of various life-enhancing opportunities by persons with disabilities (PWDs). However, the attainment of such services is confronted with varying levels of difficulties due to the non-conformity between transport service delivery and PWDs' needs. While many players like transport operat...
Objective:
This study employs a data mining approach to discover hidden groups of crash-risk factors leading to each bus/minibus crash severity level on pothole-ridden/poor roads categorized under different lighting conditions namely daylight, night with streetlights turned on, and night with streetlights turned off/no streetlights.
Methods:
The...
Cycling, as a mode of transport has immense health benefits. However, as pertains
in other developing countries, cycling is not a preferred transport mode in urban
Ghana, a development that is attributable to the lack of cycling infrastructure,
safety and cultural perceptions. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this
study explored the inten...
Traffic enforcement and associated penalties are essential in any successful road safety strategy. Available literature identifies both traditional and automated traffic enforcement. Ghana employs traditional traffic enforcement involving visible police officers enforcing traffic rules and regulations on the roadways. This phenomenological study ex...
Access to public transport services is crucial to the enjoyment of various life-enhancing opportunities by persons with disabilities (PWDs). However, the attainment of such services is confronted with varying levels of difficulties due to the non-conformity between transport service delivery and PWDs' needs. While many players like transport operat...
Developing countries are primarily associated with poor roadway and lighting infrastructure challenges, which has a considerable effect on their traffic accident fatality rates. These rates are further increased as bus/minibus drivers indulge in risky driving, mainly during weekends when traffic and police surveillance is low to maximise profits. A...
Travel by bus is an efficient, cost-effective, safe and preferred means of intercity transport in many advanced countries. On the contrary, there is huge public sentiment about the safety records of intercity buses in low-and middle-income countries given the increasing bus-involved road traffic crashes and high fatality rates. This study sought to...
The decentralisation policy in Ghana ensures urban governance is controlled at the local levels.
Rules set by state institutions in many cases lack the ability to penetrate into the locality for lack
of trust and proper enforcement measures. It is common to find non-state organisations teaming
up with the state or independently governing their loca...
In developing countries, public transport (PT) occupants continue to be among the road users with the highest fatality rates. This development has the tendency to undermine efforts at encouraging PT use in these countries. The importance of personal safety on PT has been well explored. However, no study to date has explored which criteria PT users...
We examined the predictive validity of the public bus passenger safety attitude scale (PBPSAS), a measure of personal safety attitude (PSA), to predict future intention to use public bus/minibus for long-distance trips. Using 510 adults, we tested among other things the hypothesis that PSA has a positive significant effect on future intentions to u...
Cycling is a sustainable transport mode and an indispensable feature of a smart city. As an active transport mode, cycling also has health benefits. In developed countries, cycling is a vital transport mode with wide utility; the situation in developing countries is different. Particularly in Ghana, cycling is not a preferred transport mode given t...
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) and associated injuries are a major public health problem in developing countries. The timely emergency pre-hospital care and subsequent transportation of accident victims to the health facility may help reduce the accident and injury outcomes. Available evidence suggests that RTA victims stand a greater chance of surv...
This study explored street hawkers’ lived experiences and risks in traffic using the phenomenological case study design. Data from 24 hawkers at three hawking spots and field observations form the basis of our study. A stratified purposeful sampling scheme was employed to ensure a balance of gender and age. Thematic data analytic strategy was emplo...
Public bus/minibus safety concerns predispose passengers to make safety evaluations and engage in behavioural adaptations (i.e. behaviour change to compensate for changes in perceived risk) to the perceived unsafety. This cross-sectional study sought to explore Public Transport (PT) users' choice of seating positions in Ghana, a form of behavioural...
Road traffic accidents and associated injuries are a major public health problem in developing countries. Timely rescue, first-aid and trauma care and subsequent transportation of road accident victims (RAVs) to health facility help reduce the accident and injury outcomes. Available evidence suggests that RAVs stand a greater chance of survival if...
Children, especially those attending school, take high risks in traffic, particularly in relation to their regular interaction with the road environment. It is known that age, sex, and socio-economic circumstances of school children influence the relationship between their knowledge and attitude towards safe road practices, although this has not be...
Public transport (PT) passengers make safety evaluations, yet to the best of our knowledge, there exists no instrument that captures what is considered by public transport users when they make such personal safety evaluations. What exists is a generalised service quality scale (SERVQUAL). Unfortunately, this scale does not adequately capture the co...
The current safety concerns with buses/minibuses (public transport) in both developed and developing countries have warranted a renewed interest in bus/minibus safety research. Prior to this, there was a paucity of research in this domain especially in developed countries where the safety associated with buses was deemed adequate. In this study, we...
There are increasing calls for regular monitoring and evaluation of safety and security strategies of public transport (PT) operators, especially in developing countries where PT safety and security concerns abound. In respect of this, this study examined the passenger safety and security interventions of PT operators in Ghana. Both the accident-in...
School children take high risks with regard to traffic safety, particularly in relation to their regular interaction with the road environment. It is known that age, sex, and socio-economic circumstances of school children influence the relationship between their knowledge and attitude towards safe road practices, although this has not been explore...
Encouraging sustainable transportation, especially public transport use implies the need to make it attractive to commuters through constant service quality evaluation and improvement. Understanding public transport users’ service quality expectations and perceptions are thus valuable in this regard.
Using a modified servqual approach, this study...
The study explored how students’ attitudes toward reading, access to reading resources at home, class teacher’s attitude towards students’ reading ability, access to and use of video games and TV contribute to students’ reading difficulties.
Data was obtained from 42 randomly selected students deemed as experiencing reading difficulties through qu...
Students’ attitudes to reading have been shown to be crucial in the classroom. The development of positive attitudes toward reading in children is said to produce adults who continue to engage in sustained lifelong reading which tends to impact on their academic progression and outlook. Working from this premise, the study sought to examine the rel...
Several factors influence the preference and patronage of one public transport mode as against the others. The study set out to assess the factors that influence students of the University of Cape Coast in their choice of public transport service operators. Using questionnaires and interview guides, the study was conducted at five main intercity bu...
Questions
Questions (9)
XII ICTCT extra Conference in Accra, Ghana, 2–3 April 2020
Enhancing traffic safety for motorists and vulnerable road users—prospects and challenges for the African continent
Road traffic injuries constitute a major health and development problem the world over but especially in the African region. Despite only 4% of the world's motor vehicles, African roads witness more than 10% of the world total collision fatalities. With further motorisation, the number of road traffic fatalities and injuries is expected to grow, unless decisive action is taken to tackle the problem. Similar to the high-income countries, human behaviour is a central contributing factor in the majority of road crashes in Africa. However, the victims of traffic casualties are primarily vulnerable road users. Pedestrians alone account for more than 40% of the total fatalities on African roads. Transferring (where appropriate) proven programmes from high-income countries is suggested as an efficient measure for traffic safety improvement.
Contributions featuring measures for road crash prevention and severity reduction, as well as methods and tools to model, diagnose, improve and evaluate road safety are welcome. A non-exhaustive list of topics includes:
· Improved data to support road safety analysis and policy development
· Low-cost solutions for road safety improvement
· Transferability of road safety measures
· Safety aspects of urban and rural transport planning and sustainable mobility
· Interactions between road users, vehicles and infrastructure
· Safety issues for different types of road users: drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, etc.
Presentations should, as far and as much as possible, be based on empirical studies with the goal to improve understanding of road users’ risks, behaviours and their responses to the conditions in which they take part in traffic. Theoretical contributions related to these issues are welcomed, too. Certain relevance for the African context is expected.
The XII extra ICTCT conference offers a multidisciplinary forum for lively discussion among international experts in an open-minded and friendly atmosphere. ICTCT invites interested persons to submit abstracts by 31st December 2019 (see information on the next page). The ICTCT secretariat will inform the authors about acceptance and send out a preliminary programme in February 2020.
Submission and acceptance
The submission processes will be managed with the help of Easy Chair through the link:
If you have used this system before, you can use the same username and password. If this is your first time using EasyChair, you will need to register for an account by clicking on "sign up for an account". After completing your registration, you will get a notification email from the system with a link, which allows you to upload and re-upload the paper by the date due for submission. Your extended abstract (500-700 words) should include the following points:
· Background
· Aim
· Method or methodological issues
· Results obtained or expected
· Conclusions
The assessment will be based upon the following criteria: i) relevance of the topic in relation to the conference theme; ii) scientific quality and iii) likelihood to raise the interest of the present audience and to stimulate discussion. Early career researchers are encouraged to do their first presentation at the conference.
General information about ICTCT, members, proceedings of the past conferences, etc. can be found at www.ictct.net.
I will appreciate any report or publication specifying the relationship between risk perception and safety evaluation and/or behaviour (especially related to traffic safety).
I am working with multiply imputed data. This was done to take care of missingness in the data. My intention is to run the ordinal regression (logit). However, anytime I run the analysis using the saved multiple imputed data, I keep getting this warning "Insufficient memory to complete the execution of this command. Execution of this command stops".
However, the original data is instead used in the analysis. What is wrong? How can I resolve this?
I will be very pleased to have a copy of this scale. Thanks in advance
I intend to draw a random sample of public bus transport users in some cities in Ghana. However, I am constrained by the fact that a sampling frame of this population is not feasible. How can I still draw this sample so as to satisfy the use of parametric statistical techniques and more importantly be able to generalise the study outcome? Fortunately, a sampling frame exists for bus terminals in the cities. Can I randomly sample the terminals and then use non-probabilistic sampling techniques to sample the respondents, passengers? Will that be a good practice? Help greatly sought.
I am hoping to analyse public bus transport passenger safety evaluations in Ghana. Is there an existing, validated bus passenger safety evaluation questionnaire/ instrument? Does anyone know? At the moment I have not come around any.
What is the relationship between knowledge in road safety and attitude towards road safety? Do respondents' age, sex, and socio-economic status moderate the relationship between knowledge of and attitude towards road safety? Empirical studies or literature on the above relationship is sought.
I am interested in examining the traffic safety situation of some cities/ towns in my country. Does anyone have expertise in this field by way of research?Is there any model I should know about? What should I consider in terms of variables?
