Ender Demir

Ender Demir
Reykjavík University · Department of Business Administration

PhD

About

170
Publications
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7,483
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Publications

Publications (170)
Article
This paper studies the connectedness among equity markets in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru) and the effects of fundamental risk factors on the degree of their connectedness. Both time-varying parameters VAR (TVP-VAR) and quantile VAR (Q-VAR) models are used. Based on daily returns covering the period from Febru...
Preprint
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This special issue aims to be a platform for original scientific articles that explore the relationship between sustainability practices and their impact on competitiveness.
Chapter
As with countless other sectors and industries, tourism—be it local, domestic, or international—was heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This watershed event resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of travelers, with the closure of international borders and travel bans. Since then, the industry has started to recover; with this recovery...
Article
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Mental health has deteriorated globally due to COVID-19, climate crisis, economic policies, and regional conflicts, requiring immediate attention. This study aims to comprehend the relationship between economic uncertainty and the prevalence of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and eating disorders across various demographics and countr...
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National football teams increasingly issue tradeable blockchain-based fan tokens to strategically enhance fan engagement. This study investigates the impact of 2022 World Cup matches on the dynamic performance of each team's fan token. The event study uncovers fan token returns surged six months before the World Cup, driven by positive anticipation...
Article
In this paper, we study the return and volatility connectedness between cryptocurrencies and DeFi Tokens, considering the impact of different uncertainty indices on their connectivity. Initially, we estimate a TVP‐VAR model to obtain the total connectedness between the two markets. We find that returns on the cryptocurrencies transmit significantly...
Article
This study explores the relationship between climate vulnerability and capital investments in tourism across 165 countries, considering the moderating role of readiness. Findings reveal that an increase in vulnerability imposes a substantial economic toll, reducing capital investments. However, a country's preparedness mitigates and sometimes nulli...
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Background: Mental disorders have seen an increasing prevalence over the past decades. This study aims to estimate the relationship between economic uncertainty and the prevalence of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and eating disorders, across different demographics and geographies. Methods: In this retrospective study from 1991 to 2...
Article
In this paper, we analyze the quantile return connectedness between the real estate tokens (PROPY, LATOKEN, ATLANT, IHT Real Estate Protocol) and other asset classes, namely oil, gold, bond, currency, equity, Bitcoin, and real estate investment trust for the period August 27, 2018, to April 25, 2022. We perform the connectedness at the mean, median...
Article
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ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that provides users with detailed responses and accurate answers to any questions. It has garnered significant attention after its launch in November 2022. We analyze the returns of AI-themed crypto assets around the launch and widespread attention towards ChatGPT. We reveal significant abnormal re...
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This study undertakes an in-depth examination of how football matches and related sporting performance influence the intraday financial performance of corresponding blockchain-based fan tokens. Utilizing an event study encompassing eight distinct fan tokens and 325 football matches, we find a statistically significant average decline of 0.8% in fan...
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Full-text available
This paper reviews the current state of ChatGPT technology in finance and its potential to improve existing NLP-based financial applications. We discuss the ethical and regulatory considerations, as well as potential future research directions in the field. The literature suggests that ChatGPT has the potential to improve NLP-based financial applic...
Preprint
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the variables that are usually considered predictors of participation in the stock market, such as gender, age, education, income, and financial risk attitude, are also useful for predicting participation in the cryptocurrency market. We conducted a unique survey of 1,036 adult participants from I...
Article
This study aims to identify the sources of spillovers affecting tourism tokens and classify the type of assets to which they correspond. Using daily data for different asset classes from June 2018 through November 2022, we employ a TVP-VAR methodology to test the connectedness between two tourism tokens, two leading travel equity indices, and the t...
Article
We test whether an effective board affects firm value (FV) in Pakistan and whether stock liquidity (LIQ) mediates this relationship. To test this conjecture, we introduce an effective board index (EBI) using board size, board independence, board diversity and CEO duality. By employing the fixed effect model, we find that an effective board reduces...
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Full-text available
This study extends the previous literature on the association between country-level economic uncertainty and suicide rate to 141 countries by introducing the World Uncertainty Index. We first examine the role of economic uncertainty on the suicide rates in a global setting for the period 2000–2019 and then analyzed if the association varied across...
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Objectives This empirical study investigated the relationship between globalisation and suicide rates. We examined whether there is a beneficial or harmful relationship between economic, political and social globalisation and the suicide rate. We also estimated whether this relationship differs in high-, middle- and low-income countries. Study des...
Preprint
Full-text available
ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that provides users with detailed responses and accurate answers to any questions. It has garnered significant attention after its launch in November 2022. We analyze the returns of AI-themed crypto assets around the launch and widespread attention towards ChatGPT. We reveal significant abnormal re...
Preprint
Full-text available
This paper reviews the current state of ChatGPT technology in finance and its potential to improve existing NLP-based financial applications. We discuss the ethical and regulatory considerations, as well as potential future research directions in the field. The literature suggests that ChatGPT has the potential to improve NLP-based financial applic...
Article
In this paper, we provide further evidence about the influence of corruption on corporate investment. Using a large sample of the European region non-financial firms for the period 2011–2020, our results suggest that corruption in Europe negatively affects corporate investment, thus, supporting the ‘sanding the wheel' hypothesis. This relationship...
Article
Using the revisited de facto and de jure measures of economic globalization, this paper investigates the effects of globalization on credit market controls. In addition to overall or aggregate measures of credit market deregulation, private sector credit, bank ownership, and interest rate controls are also considered. The results indicate that econ...
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Full-text available
We examine the role of geopolitical risk in the cross-sectional pricing of cryptocurrencies. We calculate cryptocurrency exposure to changes in the geopolitical risk index and document that coins with the lowest geopolitical beta outperform those with high geopolitical beta. Our findings suggest that risk-averse investors require additional compens...
Article
This paper examines the dynamic connectedness among the fan tokens and their corresponding stocks using the TVP-VAR approach. We use daily data from December 11, 2020, to January 31, 2022, for the Juventus FC, AS Roma, Galatasaray, and Trabzonspor tokens and stocks. Our results indicate that shocks transmitted to any token are larger than the ones...
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In this study, we present a first attempt at measuring the market reaction to firms’ SEC disclosures related to Metaverse activity. We follow the existing literature in differentiating between disclosures associated with vague future intentions or plans to adopt Metaverse activity (“Vague”), and announcements concerning actual activities related to...
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This paper examines the effect of economic uncertainty (proxied by the World Uncertainty Index) on life and non-life insurance consumption using a panel dataset from 114 countries for the period 1996-2017. We find the evidence that while economic uncertainty has a significant adverse impact on life insurance penetration, non-life insurance penetrat...
Article
By using wavelet analysis, we find that domestic Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) has short and long-term adverse effects on domestic tourism in Croatia. Domestic and global EPU (GEPU) have a negative relationship with foreign arrivals; however, the impact of domestic EPU on foreign arrivals is significantly bigger. The co-movements between nights...
Article
We conduct a cross-country, firm-based analysis of the impact of uncertainty (World Uncertaınty Index–WUI) on corporate investment inefficiency. The analysis, conducted in the period 2012-2020 across 30 European region countries, demonstrates a negative impact of uncertainty on the absolute value of investment inefficiency. Specifically, there is a...
Book
Full-text available
The book “Economic Sustainability of Culture and Cultural Tourism” focuses on the economic sustainability of cultural and cultural tourism projects. It consists of eleven chapters, which address cultural heritage, culture, cultural/creative industries and(cultural) tourism. Analysis in the cultural heritage-related chapters deals with specific topi...
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We examine the hedging properties of different asset classes as impacted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. We employ wavelet coherence analysis to study the impact of geopolitical risk on various types of securities. We found that different asset classes exhibited unequal risk sensitivity in both magnitude and timescale. Bonds and stocks...
Article
This paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on real estate investment trusts (REITs) ETFs in a quantile-based framework by employing the nonparametric causality test and the quantile autoregressive (QAR) model. Using data covering the returns of eight major United States (US) Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) exchange...
Book
This book includes selected papers presented at the 35th EBES Conference—Rome that was held on April 7–9, 2021.
Article
Full-text available
This paper examines the impact of vaccination programs on the stock market volatility of the travel and leisure sector. Using daily data from 56 countries over the period from January 2020 to March 2021, we find that vaccination leads to a decrease in the investment risk of travel and leisure companies. Vaccination results in a decrease in the vola...
Article
In this paper, we study the long memory behavior of Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Monero, and Dash with a focus on the COVID-19 period. Initially, we apply a time-varying Lifting method to estimate the Hurst exponent for each cryptocurrency. Then we test for a change in persistence over time. To model the multivariate connectivity, the wavel...
Article
Fan tokens, digital assets providing privileges including rewards and promotions as well as voting rights in polls, recently became highly popular among the football clubs and the (fan) investors. Fan tokens differ from the stocks of football clubs with respect to ownership properties. Fan tokens might be associated with investor mood changes and r...
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Full-text available
The COVID-19 pandemic has elevated both the risk and volatility of energy companies. Can mass vaccinations restore stability within this sector? To answer this question, we investigate stock market data from fifty-eight countries from January 2020 to April 2021. We document that vaccination programs assist in decreasing the volatility of energy sto...
Article
Using a news-based gauge of geopolitical risk, we study its role in asset pricing in global emerging markets. We find that changes in risk positively predict future stock returns. The countries with the highest increase in geopolitical uncertainty outperform their counterparts with the lowest change by up to 1% per month. The anomaly is not explain...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, we use mutual information approach to investigate the information sharing between cryptocurrencies during the COVID-19 crisis. We also use the approximate entropy to study their dynamics before COVID-19 and during the pandemic. Results from the mutual information measure indicate a rise in information sharing and ordering in the cryp...
Article
In this paper, we use the transfer entropy to quantify information flows between three cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple. We also employ the concept of Rényi transfer entropy that allows for capturing rare and frequent events separately as well as non-linear market dependencies, focusing on extreme (tail) observations of the ret...
Article
In this paper, we analyze the connectedness between returns for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and other financial assets (equities, bonds, currencies, gold, oil, Ethereum) during the period from January 2018 to June 2021. By using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) approach, we show that the overall connectedness between the r...
Article
We explore the relationship between two novel Twitter-based measures of economic and market uncertainty and the performance of four major cryptocurrencies. Using a battery of methods—quantile regressions, Granger-causality in distributions using copula functions, and directional predictability tests—we examine the behavior of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bit...
Article
This paper examines the impact of bank-specific factors and variations in the context of stringency of government policy responses on bank stock returns because of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 1,927 publicly listed banks from 110 countries is used for the period of the first major wave of COVID-19, that is, January to May 2020. Our findings i...
Article
Full-text available
By using the Event Study Method (ESM), this paper aims to examine the effect of new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) outbreak on the market performance of the hotel industry in the U.S. We also compare the impact of COVID-19 outbreak with three previous diseases outbreaks. The results show that there is a negative influence of the diseas...
Article
This paper compares the effects of economic uncertainty and geopolitical risks on bank credit growth. Using a sample of 2439 banks from 19 countries for the period of 2010–2019, our findings indicate that economic uncertainty causes a significant decrease in overall bank credit growth while no such significant overall effect of geopolitical risks i...
Article
In this paper, we explore whether economic uncertainty differently affects the default risk of Islamic and conventional banks. Using a sample of 568 banks from 20 countries between 2009 and 2018, we use the World Uncertainty Index (WUI) by Ahir et al. (2018) to conduct a study based on a comparable measure across countries. Our findings indicate th...
Article
Full-text available
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a noteworthy impact on stock market volatility around the world. Can vaccination programs revert these adverse effects? To answer this question, we scrutinize daily data from 66 countries from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. We pro-vide convincing evidence that COVID-19 vaccination assists in stabilizing the glo...
Article
What protects travel and leisure companies from a global pandemic, such as COVID-19? To answer this question, we investigate data on over 1200 travel and leisure companies in 52 countries. We consider 80 characteristics, such as company financial ratios, macroeconomic variables, and government policy responses. Using regressions and machine learnin...
Article
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a noteworthy impact on stock market volatility around the world. Can vaccination programs revert these adverse effects? To answer this question, we scrutinize daily data from 66 countries from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. We provide convincing evidence that COVID-19 vaccination assists in stabilizing the glob...
Article
This article examines whether differences in banking market structures across countries influence the local stock market resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a sample of 66 countries for the period January 2020 to July 2020, our findings demonstrate that countries with more concentrated banking systems, with a higher presence of foreign banks...
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Full-text available
This study analyzes the leverage and performance relationship in the context of the U.S. hospitality industry. We consider that, studying this traditional corporate finance issue in the context of the hospitality industry, is relevant due to its unique characteristics in terms of capital structure and value creation. In addition to Ordinary Least S...
Article
In this paper, we investigate the efficiency in the art markets, using a generalized spectral test (GST) in a rolling window approach to detect departure from the martingale difference hypothesis (MDH) and trace the periods of market efficiency over time. Then we complement our results using the approximate entropy, the rescaled range analysis, and...
Article
What determines a country’s financial immunity to a global pandemic? To answer this question, we investigate the behavior of 67 equity markets around the world during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. We consider a multidimensional data set that includes factors from finance, economics, demographics, technological development, healthcare, governance,...
Article
This study analyzes the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the performance of US tourism firms using a sample of 296 publicly traded tourism companies from 2000 to 2018 with a sample of 3068 firm-year observations. Estimation results of panel regressio tests based on the system-generalized method of moments indicate that EPU has a negat...
Article
This paper examines the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on loan loss provisions (LLP). Using a sample of 6384 US banks and yearly data from 2009 to 2019 and addressing endogeneity (GMM and IV estimations), the findings reveal that in times of higher economic policy uncertainty, banks tend to increase their loan loss provisioning. Consid...
Book
This book gathers selected papers from the 29th Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal. While the theoretical and empirical papers presented cover diverse areas of economics and finance in various geographic regions, the main focus is on the latest research concerning accounting/audits, banking, the econo...
Book
This book presents selected papers from the 30th Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conferences, held in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The theoretical and empirical papers gathered here cover diverse areas of business, economics and finance in various geographic regions, including not only topics from HR, management, finance, marketing but al...
Book
This book presents selected papers from the 31st Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference, which took place as a virtual conference due to the global COVID-19 health crisis. The theoretical and empirical papers gathered here cover diverse areas of business, economics and finance in various geographic regions, including not only topi...
Book
This book presents selected papers from the 32nd Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference - Istanbul. Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, the conference presentation mode has been switched to “online/virtual presentation only”. The theoretical and empirical papers gathered here cover diverse areas of business, economics and finance in...
Book
This book presents selected papers from the 33rd Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference, virtually held in Madrid (Spain) due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The theoretical and empirical papers gathered here cover diverse areas of business, economics and finance in various geographic regions, including not only topics from HR, manageme...
Article
Unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions targeted to curb the spread of COVID-19 exerted a dramatic impact on the global economy and financial markets. This study is the first attempt to investigate the influence of these government policy responses on global stock market liquidity. To this end, we examine daily data from 49 countries for the...
Article
This paper applies a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to examine the effects of geopolitical risks (GPRs) on Turkey's tourist arrivals (TAs) from January 1990 to December 2018. The newly developed Geopolitical Risk Index (GPRI) is used to measure GPRs. Test results reveal interesting findings. While the effects of GPRs on TAs are expe...
Article
Unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions targeted to curb the spread of COVID-19 exerted a dramatic impact on the global economy and financial markets. This study is the first attempt to investigate the influence of these government policy responses on global stock market liquidity. To this end, we examine daily data from 49 countries for the...
Article
Full-text available
This paper analyzes the impact of government restrictions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic on stock returns of U.S. travel and leisure companies. We demonstrate that the stringency of government restrictions has a negative impact on stock returns even after controlling for the pandemic itself. Moreover, stock prices of travel and leisure firms wi...
Article
Full-text available
This paper aims to examine the role of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on tourism investments across the samples of OECD, non-OECD, high-income, upper-middle-income, and low-income economies. We account for cross-sectional dependence and endogeneity and also incorporate economic development, financial development, and trade openness indicators in...
Preprint
Full-text available
In this paper, we explore whether economic uncertainty differently affects the default risk of Islamic and conventional banks. Using a sample of 568 banks from 20 countries between 2009 and 2018, we take advantage of the World Uncertainty Index (WUI) proposed by Ahir et al. (2018) to conduct a study based on a comparable measure across countries. O...
Article
Using a sample of 2977 private and listed banks in the EU-5 countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Italy, France) for the years 2009–2018, this paper explores the impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) on credit growth. Using panel data fixed effects methodology and controlling for endogeneity using two-step difference GMM estimators,...
Article
We examine how pandemics affects tourist arrivals. The paper is the first to use newly developed “Discussion about Pandemics Index”. We find that pandemic decreases tourist arrivals. This effect exists only for low-income economies.
Article
This paper examines the asymmetric effect of Bitcoin on three altcoins, namely Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP) and Litecoin (LTC) by using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for the period July 2015 to March 2019. We provide evidence on the asymmetric impact of Bitcoin on altcoins both in the short-run and in the long-run. In t...
Article
We examine the relationship between cryptocurrencies (namely Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Ripple (XRP)) and COVID-19 cases/deaths. This will help explore whether cryptocurrencies can serve as a hedge against COVID-19. The wavelet coherence analysis indicates that there is initially a negative relationship between Bitcoin and the number of rep...
Article
Full-text available
This study presents the first attempt to examine the cross-sectional seasonality anomaly in cryptocurrency markets. To this end, we apply sorts and cross-sectional regressions to investigate daily returns on 151 cryptocurrencies for the years 2016 to 2019. We find a significant seasonal pattern: average past same-weekday returns positively predict...
Article
This paper explores whether the impact of economic uncertainty on credit growth differs for Islamic vs. conventional banks. Using a sample of 416 banks (58 Islamic and 358 conventional) in 12 countries, the findings indicate that an increase in economic uncertainty significantly decreases the credit growth of conventional banks but does not have an...
Article
Full-text available
Do government interventions aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19 affect stock market volatility? To answer this question, we explore the stringency of policy responses to the novel coronavirus pandemic in 67 countries around the world. We demonstrate that non-pharmaceutical interventions significantly increase equity market volatility. The effec...
Article
This study proposes a real options exercise mechanism as a novel explanation for the asymmetric volatility phenomenon. We suggest that asymmetric volatility stems from the exercise of real call options following positive shocks and the exercise of real put options after negative shocks. Furthermore, we uniquely link asymmetric volatility to real op...