Emilie van Deventer

Emilie van Deventer
World Health Organization WHO | who · Department of Public Health and Environment (PHE)

Doctor of Engineering

About

74
Publications
14,916
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2,151
Citations

Publications

Publications (74)
Article
Full-text available
Background A recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) was issued about the use of chest imaging to monitor pulmonary sequelae following recovery from COVID-19. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspective of key stakeholders to understand their valuation of the outcome of the proposition, preferences for the modalities of ch...
Article
Full-text available
This review article addresses the role of lung ultrasound in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for diagnosis and disease management. As a simple imaging procedure, lung ultrasound contributes to the early identification of patients with clinical conditions suggestive of COVID-19, supports decisions about hospital admission and infor...
Article
Full-text available
A coherent and overarching framework for health protection from non-ionizing radiation does not currently exist. Instead, many governments maintain different compliance needs targeting only some non-ionizing radiation exposure situations. An international framework developed by the World Health Organization would promote a globally consistent appro...
Article
Full-text available
Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) (frequencies of 100 kHz to 300 GHz) has been steadily increasing. In addition to heat-related effects of RF EMF, other yet-unspecified biological effects, might exist which could possibly lead to health effects. Given the large number of health endpoints that have been studied, we wanted...
Book
The health impact of radiological and nuclear emergencies can last for decades. Lessons learned from past radiological and nuclear accidents have demonstrated that the mental health and psychosocial consequences can outweigh the direct physical health impacts of radiation exposure. International radiation emergency preparedness and response standar...
Article
The World Health Organization (WHO) undertook the development of a rapid guide on the use of chest imaging in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The rapid guide was developed over two months using standard WHO processes, except for the use of 'rapid reviews' and online meetings of the panel. The evidence review was supplemented by a survey o...
Article
Importance UV radiation emissions from indoor tanning devices are carcinogenic. Regulatory actions may be associated with reduced exposure of UV radiation at a population level. Objective To estimate the long-term health and economic consequences of banning indoor tanning devices or prohibiting their use by minors only in North America and Europe...
Article
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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates). For this, systematic reviews of studies estimating the prevalence of exposure to selected occupational risk factors will be conducted to provide i...
Book
For many people, radon in dwellings is the largest contributor to their lifetime exposure to radiation. Requirement 50 of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, places a responsibility on governments (i.e. national authorities) to “provide information...
Article
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Background: Exposure to artificial tanning devices is carcinogenic to humans and government regulations to restrict or ban indoor tanning appear to be increasing. Objectives: We evaluated changes in the international prevalence of indoor tanning among adolescents and adults after 2009, when the IARC classified artificial tanning devices as carci...
Article
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The Global Solar UV Index was developed as an easy-to-understand measure of the amount of biologically-effective ambient solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at different locations on the earth's surface. Over the past few years, questions have been raised about the global applicability of the UV Index, about the evidence base for exposure risk thresh...
Article
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This study aims to describe current risk management practices and policies across the world in relation to personal exposures from devices emitting radiofrequency fields, environmental exposures from fixed installations and exposures in the work environment. Data from 86 countries representing all WHO regions were collected through a survey. The ma...
Article
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We present here a methodology for health risk assessment adopted by the World Health Organization that provides a framework for estimating risks from the Fukushima nuclear accident after the March 11, 2011 Japanese major earthquake and tsunami. Substantial attention has been given to the possible health risks associated with human exposure to radia...
Article
The adequacy of the UV Index (UVI), a simple measure of ambient solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, has been questioned on the basis of recent scientific data on the importance of vitamin D for human health, the mutagenic capacity of radiation in the UVA wavelength, and limitations in the behavioral impact of the UVI as a public awareness tool. A wor...
Article
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The full text of the Invited Editorial is given in the PDF file.
Article
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The World Health Organization (WHO) has responded to the 2011 East-Japan earthquake and tsunami through the three levels of its decentralised structure. It has provided public health advice regarding a number of issues relating to protective measures, potassium iodide use, as well as safety of food and drinking water, mental health, travel, tourism...
Article
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently published a new research agenda for radiofrequency fields. The document lists high priority and other research needs for health effects research, subdivided into epidemiology, human studies, animal studies, cellular studies and mechanisms, and for social science research.
Article
Harmonization of regulation is always a time and energy consuming process. This is especially the case if the scientific evidence differs very much. This is the reason why World Health Organization developed the standard data base, as the first step for enabling harmonization process.
Article
About 15% of the ionizing radiation exposure to the general public comes from artificial sources, and almost all of this exposure is due to medical radiation, largely from diagnostic procedures. Although radiological diagnostics provide great benefits, it is generally accepted that the use of radiation involves some risk. The large number of people...
Chapter
IntroductionConceptual Framework for Risk AssessmentEHC on EMFs ELF FieldsStatic FieldsComparison Between the WHO ELF-EHC and the California ReportCommunicating about Risks of EMFsDiscussion ELF FieldsStatic Fields
Article
Recently, the International EMF Project of the World Health Organization (WHO) published an Environmental Health Criteria monograph on static electric and magnetic fields. In the present paper a short overview is given of the biological and health effects discussed in this document. The main conclusions are that no acute effects other than transien...
Article
Full-text available
Radiofrequency (RF) waves have long been used for different types of information exchange via the air waves--wireless Morse code, radio, television, and wireless telephone (i.e., construction and operation of telephones or telephone systems). Increasingly larger numbers of people rely on mobile telephone technology, and health concerns about the as...
Article
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY: This Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monograph addresses the possible health effects of exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. It reviews the physical characteristics of ELF fields as well as the sources of exposure and measurement. However, its main objectives are...
Article
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21050/2/rl0888.0001.001.pdf http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21050/1/rl0888.0001.001.txt
Article
Full-text available
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/8068/5/bad5821.0001.001.pdf http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/8068/4/bad5821.0001.001.txt
Article
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Résumé. Le principe de précaution, une recommandation visant à étudier les actions qui permettraient d'éviter des dommages possibles, même si leur survenue est incertaine, est défini et interprété de façon très variée. Nous présentons la gamme de ses définitions en mettant l'accent sur leurs exigences en matière de force des preuves de nocivité et...
Article
The precautionary principle, a recommendation to consider action to avoid a possible harm even if it is not certain to occur, is variously defined and interpreted. We present a range of definitions with an emphasis on their requirements for strength of evidence of harm and for actions to be taken. We describe the variety of approaches that have bee...
Chapter
The strength of electromagnetic fields (EMF) to which humans are exposed has been increasing gradually with the growth of electric power generation and transmission, the development of new telecommunication systems, and advances in medical and industrial applications. Although the health effects of EMF on humans have been of research interest for s...
Article
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In today's world, technologic developments bring social and economic benefits to large sections of society; however, the health consequences of these developments can be difficult to predict and manage. With rapid advances in electromagnetic field (EMF) technologies and communications, children are increasingly exposed to EMFs at earlier and earlie...
Article
The World Health Organization (WHO) has a commitment to helping Member States achieve safe, sustainable and health-enhancing human environments, protected from biological, chemical and physical agents. The latter includes advising on the health impact of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and radiation. The results of the WHO/ICNIRP/NRPB workshop on sta...
Article
In this paper, physics-based computer-aided-design (CAD) models for through and buried vias in parallel-plate environments are presented based on radial transmission-line theory. The crosstalk power transferred by the TEM parallel-plate mode between vias is characterized, and extended to the treatment of vias in finite substrates by means of image...
Conference Paper
A lumped-element physics-based equivalent circuit for differential vias in multilayer parallel plate environments is presented. The TEM parallel plate mode excited by differential vias is quantified by implementing the developed model in a commercial CAD tool. The corresponding CAD simulations are performed in a matter of a few seconds on an Ultra...
Article
An equivalent one-dimensional circuit has been developed to model the loading effects of vias (through or buried) in a parallel plate environment. Owing to the one-dimensional nature of the model, the simulation time is dramatically reduced, compared to either two-dimensional inductance-capacitance ladder network or full-wave numerical electromagne...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A equivalent circuit is developed for multiple vias in a parallel plate environment using radial transmission line theory. The model considers crosstalk between vias and reflections from the edges of finite substrates and provides accurate and fast means of including decoupling capacitors. The frequency-dependent elements used to represent the para...
Conference Paper
We present the design of single and multiple beam circularly polarized (CP) substrate lens antennas for wireless applications at 30 GHz. Circular polarization and high directivity are desirable features as they can effectively reduce multipath effects and maintain a proper link margin. In addition, multiple beam antennas can be utilized either for...
Conference Paper
As the need for wireless systems with wider bandwidths is growing, the microwave frequency band either becomes too congested or simply cannot support the ever increasing data-rate requirements. Therefore, the operating frequency of wireless communications systems is gradually shifting towards millimeter-wave frequencies [1], resulting in an increas...
Conference Paper
The development of high density circuitry has promoted the introduction of the microvia technology which relies on organic dielectrics and vertical interconnects of reduced dimensions. In this paper, microvia interconnects are evaluated both through simulation using an FDTD model and experimental measurements, and have shown good electrical perform...
Conference Paper
This paper provides an overview of some of the major activities in the area of antennas carried out by Canadian scientists through individual efforts as well as through collaboration between universities, industry and governmental agencies
Article
In this paper, generalized impedance boundary conditions (GIBC) are derived at an interface between isotropic, homogeneous dielectric media. The advantage of this technique is that rather than requiring that the tangential components of the E&drarr; and H&drarr; fields be continuous over the interface, an equivalent set of boundary conditions invol...
Article
Digital and microwave IC's provide a high level of integration through multilayered technology which may introduce parasitic effects such as crosstalk and resonances. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is applied to analyze crosstalk in vertical transitions such as buried and through vias. Their parasitic contribution at high frequenc...
Conference Paper
A novel fullwave hybrid technique using the method of lines in an integral equation approach (MOL/IE) is developed. The strength of the method lies in the numerical computation of the dyadic Green's function. The advantages of the technique are presented and validation is performed for 2D and 3D structures
Conference Paper
A modified approach to the method of lines (MMOL) is used to analyze shielded and open planar microwave structures. This method is based on transformation functions to reduce the number of lines while maintaining the so-called edge condition. An extensive study on the choice of these transformation functions is performed in this paper. Numerical re...
Article
This paper examines the use of parallel processing techniques for the electromagnetic field analysis of multilayered microwave interconnects. These techniques are applied to a full-wave formulation using an integral equation approach in the frequency domain. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of parallelization and to assess its performance ad...
Article
This paper describes the influence of conductor losses on the crosstalk between coupled interconnecting lines using an integral equation method. The method combines a full-wave space domain Green's function in the dielectric regions with a quasi-static Green's function in the conductors. Following this procedure, propagation characteristics are der...
Article
A novel method is developed to calculate the propagation characteristics of dielectric ridge structures in high-frequency monolithic integrated circuits. The electric field in the dielectric ridge is expressed in terms of a polarization current from which an equivalent surface current density is defined. Generalized boundary conditions are enforced...
Conference Paper
The coupling properties of coupled dielectric waveguides were evaluated by using a novel and powerful method, the GIE (generalized integral equation) method, which relies on the concept of equivalent planar polarization dipole moments to simulate the guides. Generalized impedance boundary conditions are enforced to provide a simple planar integral...
Conference Paper
A novel method is developed to calculate the propagation characteristics of dielectric ridge structures in high-frequency monolithic integrated circuits. First, the electric field in the dielectric ridge is expressed in terms of a polarization current from which an equivalent surface current density is defined. Further, generalized boundary conditi...
Article
The influence of conductor losses on the cross-talk between coupled microstrip lines is evaluated using an integral equation method. In this mathematical formulation the fields are computed inside the conductors and are utilized to define an equivalent impedance on the surface of the strips. This surface impedance is used as a boundary condition fo...
Conference Paper
An integral equation approach is used to calculate the propagation characteristics of high-temperature thin-film superconducting lines at high frequencies. To evaluate losses in these lines, the superconducting strips are replaced by frequency-dependent surface impedance boundaries. The values of these surface impedances are measured experimentally...
Article
An integral equation method is developed to solve for the complex propagation constant in multilayer planar structures with an arbitrary number of strip conductors on different levels. Both dielectric losses in the substrate layers and conductor losses in the strips and ground plane are considered. The Green's function included in the integral equa...
Conference Paper
An integral equation method is developed for calculating the dispersion of imperfectly conducting microstrip lines. Both dielectric losses in the substrate and conductor losses in the strips and ground plane are considered. Multiple conductors on several layers can be studied using an impedance boundary formulation for the derivation of the Green's...
Article
A 35-GHz bistatic radar system was used to measure the attenuation through trees and the bistatic scattering pattern of tree foilage. The data were found to be in good agreement with a first-order multiple scattering model. Measurements were also made to study the angular vibration of the bistatic scattering coefficient of a smooth sand surface, a...
Article
Full-text available
The extinction properties of several dry snow types were examined in the 18-to 90-GHz range. The snow types ranged from newly fallen snow to refrozen snow, and the density and mean grain size varied from 0.17 to 0.39 g/cm3 and from 0.2 to 1.6 mm, respectively. From measurements of the transmission loss as a function of sample thickness at a tempera...
Article
Full-text available
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/4567/5/bad4523.0001.001.pdf http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/4567/4/bad4523.0001.001.txt

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