Emerald Lin

Background: Health disparities related to concussions have been reported in the literature for certain minority populations. Given the significant impact of concussions on long- and short-term function, the mitigation of barriers to accessing care is an important public health objective. Objective: To determine if racial and ethnic disparities exis...

Background: Tendinosis is a chronic degenerative condition. Current research suggests both percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT) and leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) may be effective treatments for chronic tendinosis, but no studies have assessed the effectiveness of PNT alone vs. PNT with intratendinous LR-PRP for multiple tendon types i...

Context The incidence of sports-related concussion in females has been increasing in recent years. Objective To conduct a meta-analysis on sex-based differences in concussion incidence in various sports and to determine the effects of study design (retrospective vs prospective), setting (competition vs practice), and population (university and abo...

Ultrasound can play an important role in differentiating the etiology of elbow pain since most pathology is extra-articular and superficial, including tendinosis and tears, ligamentous injury, nerve injury or entrapment, and bursitis (AIUM practice guideline 31:1473–1488, 2012; Tran N, Chow K, Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 11(2):105–116, 2007; Martino...

Spasticity is a velocity-dependent increase in a muscle’s resistance to passive range of motion and is caused by the loss of supraspinal inhibition of the muscle stretch reflex. Spasticity can be both functionally useful and functionally detrimental. Therefore, how we manage and treat it can have a significant impact on the lives of patients with u...

Tests that are an extension of the physical exam, allowing for objective evaluation of the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles.

Background Coaches, athletic trainers (ATCs), and parents/guardians (parents) are important contributors to the proper identification and management of concussions in student‐athletes. However, there are limited studies on the identification of concussion knowledge gaps that will help inform educational efforts and improve concussion outcomes in th...

Dizziness and vertigo encompass a spectrum of balance-related symptoms caused by a variety of etiologies. Balance is affected by many systems: proprioceptive pathways, and visual, cerebellar, vestibulocochlear, and vascular/vasovagal systems. Treatment includes antihistamines, antiemetics, benzodiazepines, anti-inflammatory, anti-Meniere's, anti-mi...

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an update on the clinical management of vestibular and balance dysfunction in a concussed athlete with a focus on diagnosis, initial work-up, and initial and continuing management. Although much is still unknown about the etiology of vestibular and balance dysfunction in a concussed athlete, we briefly revi...

The Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare has cited communication as the most frequent root cause in sentinel events, with failed patient handoffs playing a "role in an estimated 80% of serious preventable adverse events." Handoff, or transfer of patient care information, occurs formally and informally many times each day, within and...

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a localized bone disease characterized by excessive bone resorption due to overactive osteoclasts. Seven genetic loci (PDB1-PDB7) have been reported for late-onset PDB. PDB3 is the only locus where a gene, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), has been identified. Mutations in SQSTM1 have been associated with both sporadic and h...