Emanuela Guidoboni

EEDIS - Centro di documentazione euro-mediterraneo su Eventi Estremi e Disastri, Italy

All'inizio del 2018 è stata pubblicata una nuova versione del Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia e nell'area mediterranea, denominata CFTI5Med (Guidoboni et al., 2018). La nuova versione giunge a 11 anni dalla precedente versione (Guidoboni et al., 2007) e ad oltre vent'anni dalla prima uscita (Boschi et al., 1995). Il CFTI, che è basato su una...

Per la prima volta è delineata la storia culturale del terremoto, in un percorso che dalle antiche civiltà mediterranee conduce fino ad oggi. Perché ancora rovine alle soglie del terzo millennio? Le domande, le interpretazioni, le scelte che si sono susseguite attorno al terremoto parlano delle paure, del peso sociale ed economico delle distruzioni...

A key element for assessing seismic hazard and risk is the availability of a comprehensive dataset on past earthquakes. Here we present the rationale, structure and contents of CFTI5Med ( https://doi.org/10.6092/ingv.it-cfti5 ), the 2018 version of the Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy: a large multidisciplinary effort including historians,...

Florence: the effects of earthquakes on the artistic heritage. Method and historical sources (15th-20th centuries) Abstract The urban and social life of Florence, a legendary city in the world of art, has been extraordinarily well documented for over eigth hundred years. We known earthquakes since the 12 th century (1148, 1293, 1325, 1345, 1399, 14...

The high value of Florence’s historic buildings points to a high seismic risk vis- à-vis a medium-low seismicity. This concise dossier present the description of the seismic effects regarding 51 buildings (churches, monastery complexes, historic palazzi and some walls / bridges). Different types of sources available (administra- tive documents, rel...

Francesco Travagini, chemist, physician and naturalist, well known in Europe in his time, wrote the Physica Disquisitio after directly observing the effects of the 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake on the waters and buildings of Venice, distant by about 800 km. He posed the problem of the origin of the oscillatory motion of earthquakes, an aspect that had...

The Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in ltalia (Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes) is the most important outcome of a well-established collaboration between the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING; since 2000 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV), the leading Italian institution for basic and applied research in seismology and so...

Francesco Travagini, chemist, physician and naturalist, well known in Europe in his time, wrote the Physica Disquisitio after directly observing the effects of the 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake on the waters and buildings of Venice, distant by about 800 km. He posed the problem of the origin of the oscillatory motion of earthquakes, an aspect that had...

Una delle principali attività svolte tra il 2016 e il 2017 nell’ambito delll'Allegato B2 dell’Accordo-Quadro DPC-INGV 2012-2021 ha riguardato il grande patrimonio informativo sugli effetti ambientali sismo-indotti presente nella banca-dati del Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (CFTI). Questi dati sono solo in minima parte accessibili nella sua...

The 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquakes have shown that the local seismic risk is dominated by the extreme vulnerability of the building stock. We attempt to rank the vulnerability of Apennines' settlements based on a combined geological-historical approach. We first discuss the reasons of the apparent paradox caused by the very different seismic r...

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag präsentiert Überlegungen zum Einfluss von Wiederaufbaumaßnahmen auf die Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte Italiens. Das Phänomen hat eine lange Geschichte und wird zugleich massiv unterschätzt: Vom 11. Jh. bis ins Jahr 2000 erlitten über 4800 Örtlichkeiten (Dörfer und Städte) massive Zerstörungen, denen ein umfangreicher...

This note gives a brief résumé of research into historical earthquakes in Italy, conducted entirely outside the university setting and beginning in the early 1980s. The research went through various phases with different objectives before focusing in the early 1990s on the Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy from the ancient world until the tw...

Alluvioni, frane, terremoti, eruzioni vulcaniche hanno scritto e scrivono una storia dell’Italia in cui si succedono i disastri, con perdite di vite umane, danni economici enormi e sconvolgimenti sociali. Di questa storia non si vede la fine, e mentre nuovi tipi di rischi incombono, non abbiamo ancora limitato o evitato i disastri che già furono de...

All in all, the article by CC13 appears as the result of a process of crude simplification, something unacceptable from the point of view of historical criticism and hence of historical seismology. In a further oversimplification of complex facts, CC13 discussed only the evidence available for the 22 February 1346 shock, neglecting the hypothesis o...

Most damaging earthquakes come as complex sequences characterized by strong aftershocks, sometimes by foreshocks and often by multiple mainshocks. Complex earthquake sequences have enormous seismic hazard, engineering and societal implications as their impact on buildings and infrastructures may be much more severe at the end of the sequence than j...

This new Catalogue (in Italian) of the volcano’s Etna historical eruptions, published in July 2014, presents the results of a historical research on written, iconographical and epigraphical sources over a period more than 2000 years. The long research work on these historical materials was supported by a parallel study of the social and the cultura...

Two European temperature reconstructions for the past half-millennium, January-to-April air temperature for Stockholm (Sweden) and seasonal temperature for a Central European region, both derived from the analysis of documentary sources and long instrumental records, are compared with the output of climate simulations with the model ECHO-G. The ana...

Past climate variations in the pre-instrumental period can be estimated from different kinds of proxy data. Apart from natural proxy archives, important information can be found in documentary non-instrumental man-made sources, primarily for Europe and a few other regions with a long tradition of keeping documentary records related to weather and c...

The paper presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of flood variability and forcing of major European rivers since AD 1500. We compile and investigate flood reconstructions which are based on documentary evidence for twelve Central European rivers and for eight Mediterranean rivers. Flood variability and underlying climatological causes are...

Floods in Central Europe since AD 1500 and their Relation to the Atmospheric Circulation Abstract: In the course of an international research project on "Extreme hydrological events in Central Europe since 1500" for the first time data on flood events of several Central European river systems have been compiled comprising the last five cen- turies,...

We use long instrumental temperature series together with available field reconstructions of sea-level pressure (SLP) and three-dimensional climate model simulations to analyze relations between temperature anomalies and atmospheric circulation patterns over much of Europe and the Mediterranean for the late winter/early spring (January–April, JFMA...

This historical seismology study examines and supplements what is currently known from written sources and archaeological literature about the earthquakes that took place in the area of L'Aquila (central Italy), struck by a damaging earthquake on 6 April 2009 (M-w 6.3), from the ancient Roman period to the late Middle Ages (first through fifteenth...

We present here a compilation of known, reliable, historically documented tsunamis that have affected the Levant coast between about the 14th century BCE in Syria, up through the 1956 Jaffa tsunami. The list is based on a careful review of published studies and catalogs that have previously reappraised the original contemporaneous sources. In total...

This paper presents the results of a systematic historical study of the seismic, bradyseismic and eruptive activity of the Campi Flegrei caldera. The aim is to make a revised historical data available for accurate volcanological interpretation, supplying additional data and highlighting spurious previous data. The analysis begins with the supposed...

Solfatara, a shallow volcanic crater on the Phlegrean Fields near Naples, Italy, is generally thought to have last erupted in 1198. However, the entire belief in this eruption is very likely based on a misinterpretation of historical records: Though mentioned in several fifteenth- and sixteenth-century texts, the eruption in 1198 C.E. is not referr...

RAPPORTO DELLA CAMPAGNA DI PROSPEZIONE ARCHEOLOGICA DI SUPERFICIE NEL PARCO ARCHEOLOGICO DI SELINUNTE (TP) AD INTEGRAZIONE DEGLI ATTUALI DATI INERENTI LA SISMICITÀ ANTICA DELLA SICILIA SUD-OCCIDENTALE (8-14 GIUGNO 2008)

The authors examine the historical roots of the Italian building characteristics, from which styles and techniques were born that have in time shaped the country’s great architectural wealth. This historical approach aims to place the monuments in the cultural and environmental contexts, where the rules of good building have had to come to terms wi...

La storia non è fatta da chi la pensa e neppure da chi la ignora. [History is made neither by those who think about it nor by those who ignore it.].

This contribution presents the methods of research and filing of the historical data which are at the basis of the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (CFTI3). Seen from the point of view of historical research, this is the first research carried out in Italy with continuous methods and objectives exceeding 15 years. Here the basic, historical...

Knowledge of the urban seismic scenario raises complex elements for technical and cultural consideration which may improve the analysis of the conservation and restoration of historical buildings and monuments. These elements cover various specialised viewpoints, from historical seismology and the history of architecture and town planning, to engin...

During the analysis of the historical seismicity of Italy, territorial and social elements emerged that in the long term have strongly influenced the effects of the earthquakes. These elements are here presented as historical variables of the degree of intensity. The Italian context is characterised by a long and continuous history of housing, with...

The macroseismic scale used for the classification of the more than 33100 seismic effects of the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (CFTI3) is the Mercalli Cancani Sieberg (MCS). As in all scales, the use of the MCS scale in determining the macroseismic intensity of historical earthquakes involves difficulties regarding the classification of d...

In the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes, all testimonies relating to effects on the environment have been systematically analysed, geo-referenced and filed. This complex work of research and organisation has been conducted according to two main perspectives: the historical and the geological point of view. As regards the historical point of...

The particular structure of the research into historical seismology found in this catalogue has allowed a lot of information about unknown seismic events to be traced. This new contribution to seismologic knowledge mainly consists in: i) the retrieval and organisation within a coherent framework of documentary evidence of earthquakes that took plac...

Annals of Geophysics, 43, 4, 609-868 (with database on CD-ROM)

Some earthquakes, particularly the strongest ones, can re-occur within hundreds or thousands of years. Therefore, the areas whose "seismic history" seems to be totally lacking in information are indeed a problem. In the past, these "silences" were interpreted in the simplest way, as an indicator of a low degree of seismicity. More recently, the res...

The Italian earthquake catalogue is considered to be fairly complete starting from the 17th century and for classes of earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5.5. However, dedicated historical research has highlighted the fact that even in areas believed to be well-recognised from the seismological standpoint, authoritative traces of local earthquak...

Reliable forecasting of the next eruption at Vesuvius is the main scientific factor in defining effective strategies to reduce volcanic risk in one of the most dangerous volcanic areas of the world. In this paper, we apply a recently developed probabilistic code for eruption forecasting to new and independent historical data related to the pre-erup...

The 1631 Vesuvius eruption is one of its best known and most studied of its type. However, the historical approach performed within the framework of the Exploris project highlighted new evidence from previously unused or unknown historical sources. These consist of three treatises that were contemporary to the event; although written in Latin, they...

The 1224 Mt. Etna eruption is a significant event both in terms of the mass of erupted materials and because it involved the lower eastern slope of the volcano, reaching down to the sea. Nevertheless, it is unknown to current historical catalogues. According to the historical sources, only two other lava flows actually reached as far as the sea: in...

Mount Etna, in eastern Sicily, Italy, is an active volcano on whose slopes are the city of Catania and several towns. The volcano, whose eruptions are noted in written sources dating back to the thirteenth century B.C., continues to hold surprises for researchers who examine its eruptive history. During extensive historical research for a new catal...

The relevant results of the study of more than 1700 Italian historical earthquakes from the year 1000 to 1982 are presented here. The research was carried out from 1983 to 1987 as part of a study promoted by ENEL (the National Electricity Board) for the seismic siting of nuclear power plants. A single coherent project has been developed, that invol...

The ancients identified with their native territory, and builders had a profound knowledge of the environment in which they operated. Their constructions, which have survived unchanged for centuries in their natural setting, are an unequivocal demonstration of their expertise concerning the various hazards associated with the territory. A profound...

Seismic sea waves in the eastern Mediterranean have been reported since written history first emerged several thousand years ago. We collected and investigated these ancient and modern reports to understand and model the typical tsunamigenic sources, with the ultimate purpose of characterizing tsunami hazard along the Levant coasts. Surprisingly, o...

The Catalogue lists earthquakes that occurred in Italy between 461 B.C. and 1997, and earthquakes that occurred in the general Mediterranean area between the VIII century b.C. and the XV century. Italian earthquakes are based on the latest release of the Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes), commonly re...

of which a printed transcription will shortly be published [ Guidoboni , 2006], provided new data concerning the activity of Vesuvius 60 years prior to its last great eruption, on 16 December 1631. This activity, which had until now been unknown to modern science, calls for a re‐evaluation of the current conditions of the volcano and of possible pr...

Knowledge of past precursor patterns is crucial for the correct interpretation of monitoring data and reliable volcano forecasting. In the case of Vesuvius, one of the world's riskiest volcanoes, very little information is available about unrest signals following long periods of quiescence. The translation and analysis of three Latin treatises writ...

In the seismological literature the 3 January 1117 earthquake represents an interesting case study, both for the sheer size of the area in which that event is recorded by the monastic sources of the 12th century, and for the amount of damage mentioned. The 1117 event has been added to the earthquake catalogues of up to five European countries (Ital...

The aim of this study is to shed light ontwo important destructive seismicsequences, about 20 years apart (1138–1139and 1156–1159), which hit the northernsector of the Dead Sea transform faultsystem (DSTFS), in the easternMediterranean region. Although some ofthese earthquakes were already known to thescholarly tradition, the interpretationsprovide...

The damage scenario for the city of Palermo has been reconstructed for the three most damaging earthquakes that have occurred since the eighteenth century (1 September 1726; 5 March 1823; 15 January 1940). Research has been carried out on the original written documents, mostly kept in the archives of administrative and clerical institutions in Sici...

The 1679 Garn earthquake was one ofthe most destructive seismic events inArmenia, and one of the most widelydocumented directly by Armenian sources,considering this is an area where historical documentation is, on the whole,rather scarce. Moreover, this earthquakeappears in the literature as the result ofvarious interpretative and research models,s...

Over the last few decades, historical data have become increasingly important in the different sectors dealing with the mitigation of greater natural hazards. By historical data we mean both the instrumental ones, above all those of the last 100 years, and the descriptive ones that generally cover very broad chronological ranges. Suffice it to thin...

Landslides are caused by many different triggers, including earthquakes. In Italy, a detailed new generation catalogue of information on historical earthquakes for the period 461 B.C to 1997 is available (Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes from 461 B.C. to 1997, ING-SGA 2000). The catalogue lists 548 earthquakes and provides information on a t...

Historical data provides valuable information about the size and frequency of past earthquakes, thus contributing to the formulation of seismic hazard and risk estimates and the location of active faults—especially where particular geological complications make their identification difficult. Historical seismology uses historical data to identify t...

This article presents the results of research aimed at enhancing our knowledge of the active faults in southwestern Sicily, which is considered a low seismic hazard zone. The Selinunte archaeological park, the largest in the Mediterranean, with its great temples and evidence of spectacular collapses, is an information source that can be analyzed us...

Between 1114 and 1170 Syria was struck by 7 seismic crises: 5 were great earthquakes (August and November 1114, November 1115, June 1117, June 1170), amongst which that of 29th June 1170 represents one of the most destructive events of the Middle-Eastern and Mediterranean area. Instead 2 were long and violent tremor sequences without a real main sh...

This work presents the results of a research that was carried out to further our knowledge of the active faults in south-western Sicily. The only seismic event of particular significance that is known to have occurred is that of 15 January 1968 (Io= XMCS, Me 6.5) in the Belice valley. The archaeological park of Selinunte, the largest in the Mediter...

An integrated analysis of data coming from completely different scientific sectors and concerning the area of Palermo's historic centre is introduced, implemented by using a GIS application developed on a data model oriented to issues of urban geology. GIS technology has been an effective tool in constructing a reliable lithostratigraphic database,...

This contribution presents the methods of research and filing of the historical data which are at the basis of the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (CFTI3). Seen from the point of view of historical research, this is the first research carried out in Italy with continuous methods and objectives exceeding 15 years. Here the basic, historical...

TITLE: Desertification issues in the southern Italy: setting the stage _______________________________________________________________ The short essay deal with the evolution and dynamics of Desertification in the southern part of Italy from an historical perspective, highlighting the reasons why soil degradation is nowadays a relevant issue in I...

This research was stimulated by the need to extend in time the record of Italy's largest earthquakes, which commonly have repeat times of the same order as the length of the available historical record. As a test case we used the 1908 Straits of Messina earthquake, a large event that geologists assume to recur at intervals of roughly a millennium b...

Annals of Geophysics, 43, 4, 609-868 (with database on CD-ROM)

We propose a method for the encoding and the computer analysis of the macroseismic effects deduced from historical sources allowing the complete formalization of the process of seismic intensity assessment. In the framework of historical sismology we make use of a multi-criteria decisions-support algorithm, based on the theory of the Fuzzy Sets. By...

The severity and frequency of sixteenth-century floods of the Rhine, the Main, the middle and upper Elbe with its tributaries, rivers of northern and central Italy, the Garonne and rivers in Catalonia and Andalusia are analyzed using documentary evidence. The basic topographical and hydrological characteristics of the rivers investigated as well as...

The known documentary climatic evidence from six European countries — Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic, ancient Hungary, Italy and Spain — is presented and classified in this article and then further analyzed in subsequent papers included in this volume. The sixteenth century witnessed an increase in the number and variety of sources in Swi...

The existence of a valuable historical heritage of the Medieval age in Bologna has motivated a deeper study on the seismic behaviour of the Asinelli Tower, which, beyond being the town symbol, has a structural configuration prone to seismic damage. Accordingly, in the present paper, the seismicity of Bologna is reviewed and a synthesis of the damag...

Researches on climatic variations in the 16th century have stressed the exceptionality of extreme events, such as large and frequent floods, which are used as indicators of increased rainfall. The case of the lower Po basin, where lack of instrumental data renders the concept of exceptionality complex and relative, shows that this is not necessaril...

By conducting a historical review of this large seismic event in the Mediterranean, it has been possible to identify both the epicentral area and the area in which its effects were principally felt. Ever since the nineteenth century, the seismological tradition has offered a variety of partial interpretations of the earthquake, depending on whether...

The need to understand the activity of the main seismogenetic structures, to calculate the recurrence periods of major earthquakes and to identify their main epicentral areas, requires wide-ranging research in the field of historical seismology. The present research was conducted in the framework of the projects of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisi...