Eluned Catrin Price

Eluned Catrin Price
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust · Conservation Knowledge

PhD

About

77
Publications
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1,319
Citations
Additional affiliations
May 1992 - May 1994
University of Kent
Position
  • PostDoc Position
August 1986 - May 1990
University of Stirling
Position
  • PhD Student

Publications

Publications (77)
Article
Marmosets are obligate gummivores with evolutionary adaptations to harvesting tree exudates. We studied a group of zoo-living free-ranging silvery marmosets ( Mico argentatus ) that had learned to feed from Prunus spp., to investigate the characteristics of the holes they gouged in four Portuguese laurel trees ( Prunus lusitanica ). Holes were freq...
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Humans were long thought to be the only mammal to experience menopause, the permanent cessation of reproduction followed by a long post-reproductive lifespan. More recently, evidence has been found for the existence of menopause in other long-lived mammals, including chimpanzees and gorillas. However, orangutans, which have the longest interbirth i...
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Fruit bats (genus Pteropus ) are typically island‐endemic species important in seed dispersal and reforestation that are vulnerable to increased extinction risk. An effective method of reducing extinction risk in vulnerable species that cannot be conserved in their native habitat is establishing an ex‐situ captive breeding programme. Due to anthrop...
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Non-invasive behavioural indicators of welfare can be particularly useful for managing captive breeding populations of endangered species; these allow individual welfare to be monitored and reproductive success maximised without the need for capture and restraint methods. However, most studies focus on the behaviours whose presence or frequency can...
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Obesity is common in zoo animals, and both dietary management and the provision of adequate opportunities for exercise are needed to tackle it. We used 30 years of records from Jersey Zoo to compare the weight and forearm length of wild and captive‐born Livingstone's fruit bats ( Pteropus livingstonii ), and to assess the impact on weight of enclos...
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Background Understanding the needs of animals with physical and cognitive impairments is essential for zoos, rehabilitation centres, and other captive contexts. This case study describes the atypical physical and cognitive development of Jiwa, an adult male Sumatran orangutan ( Pongo abelii ), to evaluate how these differences may impact Jiwa and t...
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The phenomenon of human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) is a great challenge in the modern world that presents a threat to all species. Research on the effect of anthropogenic noise on free-living wildlife is increasing but the effect of anthropogenic noise on the behaviour and welfare of captive wildlife has received limited attention,...
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Male dominance hierarchies have been studied in many animals but rarely in bats (Chiroptera). The dominance rank of social animals may dictate access to resources and mates; therefore, it has important implications for an individual’s fitness and is crucial for successful captive management. Between January and December 2018, at both Bristol Zoo Ga...
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Reconnecting fragmented habitats by planting forest corridors is becoming necessary to support isolated populations of threatened callitrichid primates (marmosets and tamarins) in Brazil. Tamarins frequently use tree holes as sleeping sites, but young forests do not provide these; artificial nestboxes offer a potential solution until trees in the c...
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A critical component of conserving and housing species ex situ is an explicit scientific understanding of the physiological underpinnings of their welfare. Cortisol has been repeatedly linked to stress, and therefore used as an indicator of welfare for many species. In order to measure cortisol in the Livingstone's fruit bat (Pteropus livingstonii;...
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Increasing people's sense of connectedness to nature has the potential to be a powerful tool in driving pro-conservation behaviours, as well as improving physical and mental health. Multi-age cross-sectional studies have shown that nature connectedness signicantly dips after early childood before recovering in adulthood. However, the precise patter...
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The Spread of Participation Index (SPI) is a standard tool for assessing the suitability of enclosure design by measuring how captive animals access space. This metric, however, lacks the precision to quantify individual-level space utilization or to determine how the distribution of resources and physical features within an enclosure might influen...
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Social network analysis has been highlighted as a powerful tool to enhance the evidence-based management of captive-housed species through its ability to quantify the social experience of individuals. We apply this technique to explore the social structure and social roles of 50 Livingstone’s fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii) housed at Jersey Zoo,...
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For arboreal primates, ground use may increase dispersal opportunities, tolerance to habitat change, access to ground-based resources, and resilience to human disturbances, and so has conservation implications. We collated published and unpublished data from 86 studies across 65 localities to assess titi monkey (Callicebinae) terrestriality. We exa...
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Based on a review of species mortalities, systemic Isospora species was identified as the primary cause of death in 22% (19 of 87) of blue-crowned laughing thrushes (BCLTs; Garrulax courtoisi) at the Jersey Zoo between 1997 and 2016. Fifty-eight percent of the affected birds were between 1 and 2 years old, and in 89% of cases, death occurred betwee...
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Pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) are endangered New World primates, and in captivity appear to be very susceptible to stress. We measured cortisol in 214 saliva samples from 36 tamarins and in 227 fecal samples from 27 tamarins, and investigated the effects of age, sex, pregnancy, rearing history, social status, weight, group composition, and enclo...
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Maintaining the capacity for sustained flight in captivity is a key goal for the management of threatened fruit bats. We developed quantifiable descriptions of flight complexity and used them to assess the suitability of an enclosure for two species of fruit bat of differing size, the large Livingstone's fruit bat, Pteropus livingstonii, and the sm...
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Improving management to reduce problems such as obesity in captive fruit bats is central to maintaining healthy assurance populations of threatened species. We investigated the impact of three food distribution methods on access to food, aggression and activity levels in a colony of Livingstone's fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii): a control condit...
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Adolescent male primates commonly exhibit aggressive behaviour, giving rise to captive management challenges. As a reversible alternative to surgical castration, an implant containing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (deslorelin) was tested in one adolescent male Sulawesi crested back macaque (Macaca nigra) at Durrell Wildlife Park....
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In 2011, a female Sumatran orangutan housed at Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust became infertile following a massive antepartum hemorrhage in labor and the delivery of a stillborn infant. The placenta was infected with Pantoea sp. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) revealed blocked fallopian tubes, and pressurized fallopian tube perfusion was used to r...
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The lack of appropriate stimuli associated with captive environments has been documented to cause several behavioural and physiological issues in captive species, including loss of natural behaviours, psychopathologies and decreased reproductive success. Providing free-ranging, naturalistic exhibits that replicate elements of a species’ natural env...
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The main cause of mortality in Critically Endangered blue-crowned laughingthrushes (BCLTs), Dryonastes courtoisi, at Jersey Zoo is systemic infection with Isospora spp. The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of toltrazuril administered in drinking water over a prolonged period in decreasing the elimination of coccidia oocysts in faeces...
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Diurnal primates typically give birth at night, when it is presumed that they are safer at a very vulnerable time, and this is reflected in an overwhelmingly nocturnal pattern of delivery in most species of Callitrichidae. However, over half (51.1%) of 88 births to pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) at Durrell Wildlife Park occurred during the day (0...
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This paper describes the management techniques developed over 20 years of experience with free‐ranging groups of callitrichids at Durrell Wildlife Park (formerly Jersey Zoo), UK, with an additional 12 years of information from Zürich Zoo, Switzerland. Seventeen groups of eight different species have been released in woodland areas at Durrell, and t...
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National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates, 2nd revised edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press2003. pp. 286 + xviii, £34·95 (Paperback). ISBN 0 309 06989 0 - Volume 91 Issue 1 - Eluned C. Price
Article
The survival of a large number of primates, our closest living relatives, is severely threatened, and the 21st century is likely to bring several primate extinctions unless urgent conservation action is taken. Primates occur in about half of the world's countries, and are in trouble in most of them. There are three major threats to primates: habita...
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The Brazilian Atlantic rain forest ecosystem, perhaps the most threatened in the Neotropics and now reduced to 7% or less of its original extent, contains the highest density of endangered Neotropical primate taxa [1]. We report population density estimates for three species endemic to the region: Geoffroy's marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi),...
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The New World titi monkeys (Callicebus) are predominantly frugivorous, but there are differences between species in the other components of the diet: species of the C. moloch group [1] supplement their diet with leaves, while C. torquatus uses insects and seeds [2, 3]. In general, although little studied, the titi species endemic to the Atlantic co...
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Members of the New World primate genera Callithrix and Cebuella have specialisations for eating plant exudates. Exudates are also an important component of the diets of many other callitrichid species in the wild, especially at times of nutritional stress. Gum arabic is fed daily to all marmosets and to some tamarins in Jersey Zoo's collection. Thi...
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We investigated food sharing behavior in 5 litters of pied bare-faced tamarins (Saguinus bicolor bicolor)—8 infants, from 3 families—from 5 to 26 weeks of age. The frequency of sharing by parents in response to infant begging increased steadily from the age of 5 weeks to 16 weeks, and then declined. Offering of food by adults without prior infant b...
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Two neighboring groups of masked titi monkeys (Callicebus personatus personatus) were observed for nearly 240 hr over a 5-mo period. Minimum home range estimates for the groups were 10.7 and 12.3 ha; daily path length averaged 1 km. Each group shared a minimum of nearly 20% of its range with neighbors, and encounters between groups were rare and ex...
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The recovery programme for the critically endangered black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus is based on a metapopulation management strategy. As part of this, black lion tamarins have been maintained at Jersey Zoo since 1990. Some problems with reproduction have occurred which have not been experienced with related species. Historical record...
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Zoos are active in the conservation of the endangered Leontopithecus genus of New World monkeys through the management of captive breeding programmes, funding of in-situ projects and a wide variety of research studies. This paper describes the release of three separate groups of golden-headed lion tamarins L. chrysomelas into a wooded area in the g...
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Food sharing behavior was investigated by studying 10 captive black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) infants (six litters) between the ages of four and 26 weeks. The frequency of sharing by parents in response to infant begging increased steadily from the age of five to nine weeks, but then declined gradually, although infants were still r...
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Adult-infant food-sharing behavior is a major component of the infant care strategies of callitrichids (marmosets and tamarins). It is particularly well-developed in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus Oedipus) and lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp), which show frequent adult-initiated food offering, as well as sharing of food in response to begging by i...
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Signs are an important part of zoo visitor education; indeed for some visitors they are the only opportunity to gain information. This investigation looked at the ability of two different styles of sign to attract and hold the attention of visitors to the "longhouse", an education centre at the orang-utan enclosure at Jersey Zoo, headquarters of th...
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Marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae) incorporate a large quantity of insects into their diet in the wild and are thought to have a high protein requirement in captivity. Previous investigations of problems potentially related to nutrition that have arisen in the collection of New World primates at Jersey Zoo suggested that the original diets pro...
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Conservation biology is an expanding science to which toes can make a significant contribution, Information exchange and the ability to learn from successes and failures depend on the publication and dissemination of information, This paper presents a list of the 1998 publications and conference presentations of the staff of the Durrell Wildlife Co...
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In marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae), offspring often stay in their natal groups until well into adulthood, and this raises the possibility of incestuous matings. Several mechanisms exist by which callitrichid families could avoid this. Both physiological and behavioural suppression of reproduction in offspring living with their parents have...
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An overview of the management, behaviour and reproduction of pied tamarins Saguinus bicolor bicolor at the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust from 1990-1996 is given. Breeding success has not been good; infant survival to one year is only 23.3%, and many infants have been killed by their parents. The successful hand-rearing and fostering of a rejec...
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Aye-ayes possess highly adapted hands, using their specialized third digits to investigate potential food sources by tapping and the third or fourth digits to transfer food to the mouth. Observations were conducted on 11 captive aye-ayes (10 wild-caught; 1 captive-bred) following presentation of food or novel objects, and hand use for holding, tapp...
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The ability of 6 captive aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) to discriminate scents from conspecifics of different age-sex classes was tested. The animals were presented with either unscented logs or logs that had been placed in: (1) their own cage, (2) the cages of adult males or (3) the cages of adult females with female offspring. Responses...
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This study assessed the potential of two types of primate exhibit both for enhancing zoo visitors' interest, knowledge, and enjoyment and for promoting conservation education. Visitors' reactions to a free-ranging group of cotton-top tamarins were compared with their responses to caged tamarins in three ways: 1) timing how long visitors spent at ea...
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Infant marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae) frequently receive food from older group members. Three possible functions of food sharing in lion tamarins were examined experimentally. The first hypothesis, that food sharing ensures that infants receive sufficient food even if it is difficult for them to acquire it themselves, was tested by varying...
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A simple technique for investigating gut passage times in small New World primates was developed, which produced good results without any need for special housing or diet, or for the separation of monkeys from their groups. This technique, which allowed the administration of a faecal marker, chromium oxide, to specific individuals, was used to inve...
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Female marmosets and tamarins typically give birth to twins, and appear to need considerable assistance from the male and from other group members if they are to rear the young successfully. To ensure that male help is available, females would be expected to increase the time they devote to the pair relationship shortly before birth. Males, however...
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Marmosets and tamarins are characterized by a reproductive strategy that includes twinning, and a communal rearing system in which infant care is shared among all group members, both breeders and nonbreeding helpers (often older offspring). In order to test some predictions about the extent to which different age-sex classes should invest in infant...
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The energetic costs of reproduction are likely to be particularly high in the Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins), which characteristically produce twin litters. The activity of five captive breeding pairs of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) was investigated for a 6-month period covering the second half of pregnancy and lactation. Breedin...
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Marmosets and tamarins have a communal rearing system in which all group members help to care for the twin infants characteristic of this family of primates. Helpers are likely to incur time and energy costs by contributing to infant care. Predictions that cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) helpers would change their behavior when carrying infan...
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The Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins) typically give birth to twins, and infant care is shared by all group members. The potential benefits to callitrichids of having helpers were investigated in a study of 21 captive cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) infants, living in groups with two to 12 older members. Time carried and suckled and amo...
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The reintroduction to the wild of captive-born individuals could have an important role in saving some endangered species from extinction. However, such individuals may not have the necessary skills to survive in the wild. In order to assess their locomotor and orientation capabilities in a natural environment, a family of five captive-bred cotton-...
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The Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins) typically produce twins, and have communal rearing systems in which all group members help care for the infants. It has been hypothesised that helpers benefit in some way from assisting in infant care. If so, then competition to carry infants would be predicted. This was tested in a study of 14 litters of...
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In a survey of institutions holding cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), we found 23 cases of potential non-monogamy. Nine had been deliberately set up as non-monogamous units; 14 arose spontaneously. Some general trends appeared: polyandrous groups were more likely to be stable than those with more than one potentially breeding female, and no m...
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Examined food offering in 8 different species of South American monkeys. Family groups containing infants aged 5–20 wks were observed. Offering behavior in captivity was documented in pygmy marmosets and an additional species of lion tamarin and was confirmed in callimico. These findings suggest that unsolicited offering of food to infants may be...
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Fourteen births to seven female cotton-top tamarins in a successful breeding colony were observed. All births occurred between 17:50 and 20:40. Behavioural changes indicating the onset of labour are described. Delivery was usually accomplished rapidly, with short intervals between successive infants. One suspected and one verified breech presentati...
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Food-sharing behaviour was observed in 9 captive families of cotton-top tamarins (range 4-14 individuals per group), during meals of fresh fruit. Food was transferred to infants by their parents and older sibs in response to begging, and was also offered to them without prior solicitation. Older, mature, reproductively suppressed individuals shared...
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To test the prediction that the breeding success of captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus (o.) oedipus) could be improved by maintaining them in groups whose size and age-sex composition resembled those of wild groups, data were collated from 6.5 years of records from a breeding colony that otherwise had housing and husbandry procedures similar to...
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Stirling, 1990.
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Conducted 150 hrs of observations of the social behavior and spacing patterns of 2 families and 1 mated pair of both golden lion and cotton-topped tamarins. The 2 species were similar in their overall pattern of organization but showed differences in the intensity of interaction between Ss. Parent–offspring conflict was lower than is often assumed,...

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