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Publications (105)
Climate change and intensified land use simultaneously affect the magnitude and resilience of soil-derived ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and decomposition. Thus far, the responses of soil organisms to interacting global change drivers remain poorly explored and our knowledge of below-ground phenology is particularly limited. Previou...
Climate change and land use change are considered as the most important threats to ecosystems. Both factors can be expected to have interacting influences on ecosystem functions directly and indirectly via changes in biodiversity. Knowledge about these interactions is limited due to a lack of experiments which investigate climate change effects und...
Climate change and intensified land use simultaneously affect the magnitude and resilience of soil-derived ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and decomposition. Thus far, the responses of soil organisms to interacting global change drivers remain poorly explored and our knowledge of below-ground phenology is particularly limited. Previou...
In coastal agro-ecosystems, soil salinity follows a decreasing gradient from coastal margin towards inland and this variation of salinity influences carbon (C) dynamics and soil biology. Following this trend, an experiment was conducted to study the changes in soil microbial biomass and activities in relation to organic C accessibility along salini...
This study compared the effects of sewchar and mineral fertilizer on plant responses in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. "Jalo precoce") and soil properties in a pot experiment in a completely randomized design with two harvests. The initial treatments consisted of a control, sewchar doses of 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1 and mineral fertilizer (30 mg N,...
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.04.004 ---------------
A novel method coupling pyrolysis with mid-infrared spectroscopy (Py-MIRS) was developed to characterize soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry in soils. The pyrolyzer was interfaced to the MIR spectrometer by means of a Brill cell™ (CDS Analytica). The set-up generates pyrolysis fingerprint...
Agroecosystems have been excessively exploited to meet the rising demand for food and other agricultural products. To maintain fertility of agricultural soils and to prevent losses of agroecosystem services, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers has become a common approach. However, nutrient inputs also influence the soil microbiome,...
Unfortunately, in the original publication of the article, Prof. Yong Sik Ok's affiliation was incorrectly published. The author's affiliation is as follows.
Soil microorganisms regulate element cycling and plant nutrition, mediate co-existence of neighbors, and stabilize plant communities. Many of these effects are dependent upon environmental conditions and, in particular, on nutrient quality and availability in soils. In this context, we set up a pot experiment in order to examine the combined effect...
The hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge has been studied as an alternative technique for the conversion of sewage sludge into value-added products, such as soil amendments. We tested the toxicity of biosolid hydrochar (Sewchar) to earthworms. Additionally, the toxicity of Sewchar process water filtrate with and without pH adjustment was ass...
• Large amounts of labile compounds are adsorbed to the surface of chars produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The aim of this study was to characterize the core and adsorbed fractions of hydrochars and to gain knowledge about the possibility to remove phytotoxic compounds by washings with water. Chars were produced by HTC of sewage sludge...
Due to higher proportions of labile carbon (C) compounds the suitability of biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for C sequestration is questionable. We hypothesized that pre-treatment with water would reduce the biological decay of hydrochar from sewage sludge. Unwashed and washed feedstock and hydrochar were incubated in a short-t...
When it comes to carbon capture and storage, many technologies are still expensive and not yet sophisticated. Biochar as well as hydrochar application on soils could be a cheap alternative but their long-term stability is still under debate. The approach of this work was to establish a stabilization mechanism that is naturally occurring in soils du...
Anaerobic thermochemical carbonization can be used to treat sewage sludge and facilitate its reuse. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate chars produced by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge, so-called sewchars, under varying process conditions in terms of their soil amelioration potential. Three different s...
We examined the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia on the living microbial community and microbial necromass under different long-term fertilization treatments at the long-term Static Fertilization Experiment Bad Lauchstädt (Germany). Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and amino sugars plus muramic acid, were used as biomarkers for so...
Soils harbor a huge diversity of microorganisms that participate in various biogeochemical cycles and influence soil fertility. Our knowledge of soil microbiota, however, is limited by the complexity and heterogeneity of soil habitats and the huge microbial diversity. In this study, fertilized and unfertilized soils from a long-term fertilization e...
Soil management is fundamental to all agricultural systems and fertilization practices have contributed substantially to the impressive increases in food production. Despite the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, we still have a limited understanding of the complex response of the soil microbiota to organic and mineral fertiliz...
Researchers have increasingly recognised a profound need for more information on SOC stocks in the soil and the factors governing their stability and dynamics. Many questions still remain unanswered about the interplay between changes in plant communities and the extent to which changes in aboveground productivity affect the carbon dynamics in soil...
The joint research project CARBOWERT is aimed at the development of techniques for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of materials from the sanitation sector, mainly municipal sewage sludge, and the sustainable reuse of their conversion products in terms of the biochar concept – and is funded by the BMEL (Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture...
Anaerobic thermochemical carbonization presents an opportunity to improve the treatment and reuse of carbon and plant nutrient rich sewage sludge. The overall aim of this study was to characterize chars produced by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge, so-called sewchars, in terms of their potential for the carbon sequest...
The composition and functioning of the rhizosphere microbiome is directly affected by the nutrient content of the soil. Besides this, the availability of nutrients also strongly influences the structure and performance of plant communities, which in addition affects the microbial community structure and accompanying microbial traits due to differen...
The composition and functioning of the rhizosphere microbiome is directly affected by the nutrient content of the soil. Besides this, the availability of nutrients also strongly influences the structure and performance of plant communities, which in addition affects the microbial community structure and accompanying microbial traits due to differen...
There is mounting evidence that the functioning of an ecosystem is highly connected to the diversity of its biota. However, the influence of biodiversity on ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems has mainly been investigated in grassland. In contrast, forests have long been neglected in this context, though their functional relevance is undo...
Soil biodiversity through its delivery of ecosystem functions and attendant supporting ecosystem services—benefits soil organisms generate for farmers—underpins agricultural production. Yet lack of practical methods to value the long‐term effects of current farming practices results, inevitably, in short‐sighted management decisions. We present a m...
Forest management practices (FMPs) significantly influence important ecological processes and services in Central European forests, such as leaf litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Changes in leaf litter diversity and thus its quality as well as microbial community structure and function induced by different FMPs were hypothesized to be the...
Long-term experiments are pivotal to agricultural and environmental research to evaluate the effects that different types of farming systems have in maintaining soil quality and productivity (Rasmussen et al., 1998; Powlson et al., 2011). The "Static fertilization experiment" in Bad Lauchstädt, established in 1902, aims to provide a comprehensive u...
The quality, stability and availability of organic carbon (OC) in soil organic matter (SOM) can vary widely between differently managed ecosystems. Several approaches have been developed for isolating SOM fractions to examine their ecological roles, but links between the bioavailability of the OC of size-density fractions and soil microbial communi...
The use of biochars in agriculture and forestry is gaining increasing interest in terms of mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2 and nitrogen oxides. Due to their molecular properties and expected high stability against abiotic and biotic transformation biochars could contribute to carbon sequestration in soils. Considering further...
All over the world significant amounts of nutrient rich human waste and sewage sludge are waiting for sustainable treatment and recycling options. In contrast to direct plant derived feedstock, carbonaceous materials from the wastewater sector do not face any relevant competition from alternative utilization routes. Pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbo...
Leaf litter decomposition is the key ecological process that determines the sustainability of managed forest ecosystems, however very few studies hitherto have investigated this process with respect to silvicultural management practices. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of forest management practices on leaf litter deco...
Our experiments were focused on the metabolic footprint of mineral-nutrient availability under field conditions. While there are multiple factors potentially blurring such footprints, we hypothesized that physiological and metabolic adaptations of established plants are particularly important mechanisms under field conditions. To study respective d...
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important factor for soil fertility and ecosystem services. SOM research studies the soil organic carbon (SOC) structure, turnover, stability and function. As changes in SOC are slow-moving processes, long-term field experiments (LTE) are of particular value. The impact of short- and medium-term management changes on...
Assembled results from 20 European long-term experiments (LTE), mainly from the first decade of the twenty-first century, are presented. The included LTEs from 17 sites are the responsibility of institutional members of the International Working Group of Long-term Experiments in the IUSS. Between the sites, average annual temperatures differ betwee...
An optimized spectroscopic method combining quantitative evolved gas analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-EGA) in combination with a qualitative in situ thermal reaction monitoring via diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situT DRIFTS) is being proposed to rapidly characterize soil organic matter (SO...
In coastal soils, salinity induced hyper-osmotic stress resulted subdued microbial activities and consequential reduced soil organic C (SOC) mineralization. In this perspective, we have tried to find out the impact of different rice based cropping systems onto soil microbial as well as SOC dynamics along a salinity gradient in coastal agro-ecosyste...
An optimized spectroscopic method combining quantitative evolved gas
analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-EGA) and
qualitative in situ thermal reaction monitoring via diffuse reflectance
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situT DRIFTS) is
being proposed to rapidly characterize soil organic matter (SOM) to
study its dy...
This study assessed specific peaks obtained by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for characterizing the soil organic matter (SOM) composition of a Haplic Chernozem. Soils were collected from the Static Fertilization Experiment, Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, during 5 years from the farmyard manure (FYM), mineral fer...
Long-term agricultural management alters soil organic matter, nutrient status, and potentially the decomposer community. We measured the abundance and activity of cellulose, chitin, and protease degrading bacteria, and total soil extra-cellular enzyme activity for cellulose (β-glucosidase), chitinase (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase), xylosidase, and phos...
The Static Fertilization Experiment Bad Lauchstädt (1902) consists of a crop rotation of sugar beets, spring barley, potatoes and winter wheat. Three farmyard manure (FYM) treatments and six mineral fertilizer treatments are combined orthogonally. Comparing the first and last decades, crop yields nearly doubled. In unfertilized plots, yields and N...
Aims
The main objective was to describe the effects of plant litter on SOC and on soil microbial activity and structure in extensively managed grasslands in Central Germany that vary in biomass production and plant community composition.
Methods
The decomposition of shoot and root litter was studied in an incubation experiment. Labile C and N were...
It is known that crop residue input has a strong impact on the quantity of soil organic matter (SOM). However, its influence on SOM quality is often unknown. The effect of organic matter (OM) input on soil organic carbon (SOC) and functional SOC pools was investigated in a Chinese long-term double-cropping experiment with rice. It could be demonstr...
Within the scope of the BIOLOG-DIVA project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), we analysed the effects of plant diversity on soil carbon pools as well as on biotic processes within the soil food web. It is a large interdisciplinary research project focusing on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem...
Within the scope of the BIOLOG-DIVA project, funded by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), we analyse the effects of plant diversity on soil carbon pools as well as on biotic processes within the soil food web. It is a large interdisciplinary research project focusing on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem func...
The study of sustainable land use is complex and long-term experiments are required for a better understanding of the processes
of carbon stabilization. Objectives were (i) to describe for four long-term experiments the effects of fertilization and soil
management on crop yields and the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N, and (ii) to...
Wetlands at the riverside of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Central Elbe” are highly contaminated by heavy metals, especially mercury (Hg). The Hg-polluted Elbe floodplain soils turn out to be a source of gaseous mercury via Hg volatilization from soil into the atmosphere. A modified field sampling method was used to measure total gaseous mercury (T...
Models are important for predicting how soil organic carbon alters with changing environment and management. We tested three different ways of parameterizing the Rothamsted Carbon Model in four treatments from the long-term static fertilization experiment at Bad Lauchstädt. Four bare fallow plots were also used to test different ways of parameteriz...
The objective of the paper was to analyse the implications of the origin of peat (muck) soil substrate, the current type of land use and the state of anthropogenic soil development for the topsoil properties of fens. Chemical and biological properties of peat soils of the Rhin-Havelluch lowland and the Uckermark rural landscape were analyzed. The u...
Manure is a source of plant nutrients and can make a valuable contribution to soil organic matter (SOM). Two experimental sites were studied on a Halpic Phaeozem soil near Bad Lauchstadt in Germany. The first experiment, called the static experiment, commenced in 1902. The impact of fresh farmyard manure (FYM) (0, 20 and 30 t ha−1 2 year−1) combine...
The influence of farmyard manure (FYM) and equivalent mineral NPK application on organic matter content, hot water extractable carbon (HWC), microbial biomass C (Cmic), and grain yields in a long-term field experiment was assessed after 40 years in Hungary. The unfertilized plot, FYM fertilized plots and plots fertilized with equivalent NPK fertili...
A comprehensive study of the contents and composition of 15 compounds from the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
granulodensimetric fractions of soddy-podzolic soils was performed. The specificity of the accumulation of these substances
in the clay (heavy-weight) and light-weight soil fractions was investigated. The levels of the soil co...
We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to infer thermal properties of soil organic matter (SOM) in the static fertilization experiment in Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, which has been established in 1902. Four treatments (null N, change from null to manuring in 1978 NM, change from manuring to null in 1978 MN, and permanent manure and mineral fe...
We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to infer thermal properties of soil organic matter (SOM) in the static fertilization experiment in Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, which has been established in 1902. Four treatments (null N, change from null to manuring in 1978 NM, change from manuring to null in 1978 MN, and permanent manure and mineral fe...
An evaluation of the mobility of organic pollutants with wastewater dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential to better understanding their fate and toxicity to the environment. In this study, DOM from two wastewater treatment plants (in Lachish and Netanya, Israel) were fractionated to hydrophobic-acid (HoA) and hydrophobic-neutral (HoN) fractio...
The role of structural fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater in the sorption process of hydrophobic organic compounds is still not clear. In this study, DOM from two wastewater treatment plants (Lachish and Netanya, Israel) was fractionated to hydrophobic acid (HoA) and hydrophobic neutral (HoN) fractions. The fractions were c...
The site-specific reproduction of humus in agricultural farms is a major principle of good agricultural practice. The aim of balancing soil organic matter is to apply organic substances in a way that guarantees high and stable yields in a sustainable plant production. The required humus supply of a crop rotation is calculated on the base of coeffic...
The role of structural fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater in the sorption process of hydrophobic organic compounds is still not clear. In this study, DOM from two wastewater treatment plants (Lachish and Netanya, Israel) was fractionated to hydrophobic acid (HoA) and hydrophobic neutral (HoN) fractions. The fractions were c...
Basing on both a site gradient as well as a gradient in management intensities the influence of these factors on different SOM pools was investigated: (A) a very easily decomposable C pool, (B) a C pool which is related to clay fraction and representing a relatively inert pool, (C) a C pool which is not, or only loosely connected to the mineral soi...
Samples of Ap horizons of different soil types with different clay content selected from nil plot and different fertilized plots of the long-term field experiments Thyrow, Groß Kreutz, Seehausen, Methau, Bad Lauchstädt, Straußfurt located in closely related climatic conditions had been analyzed by method of granulo-densimetric fractionation develop...
The results of twenty-year-long field, model, and pot experiments performed in Germany, Poland, Denmark, and Sweden testify that at least two fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) should be taken into consideration for the assessment of changes in SOM. The first is the inert part of SOM that depends on the clay content. The second is the transform...
Basing on two long-term model experiments (microplots as well as greenhouse pot experiment) the influence of extreme management on a very easily decomposable pool of soil organic matter (SOM) was measured. The carbon content (C hwe ) of a hot water extractable pool of SOM was used as an indicator for the decomposable C pool. This parameter reflects...
Auf der Grundlage der Extremvarianten des Statischen Düngungsversuchs Bad Lauchstädt (Löß‐Schwarzerde, Haplic Chernozem) und des Nährstoffmangelversuchs Thyrow (Tiefiehm‐Fahlerde, Albic Luvisol) wurde der Einfluss langjährig differenzierter Düngung auf die Akkumulation und Stabilisierung von organischer Bodensubstanz (OBS) in unterschiedlichen Bode...
Die Auengebiete der Mulde sind neben Schwermetallen mit einer Reihe von organischen Schadstoffen, darunter teilweise sehr stark mit dem beta-Isomeren des Hexachlorcyclohexans (beta-HCH), belastet. Trotz der hohen Sorptionskapazitäten der meisten Auenböden für Nähr- und Schadstoffe sind sie aufgrund häufiger Schwankungen der Grundwasserstände und pe...
Untersuchungen der letzten 5–6 Jahre u.a. von Heinrich u. Schulz (1996), Kalbitz (1996 u. 1997) und Potesta (1999) haben gezeigt, daß entgegen den Vermutungen nicht von einer großflächigen Kontamination der Böden in den neuen Bundesländern sowohl an Schwermetallen als auch an organischen Schadstoffen gesprochen werden kann. Einzelne Problemfälle, a...
Große Gebiete der Muldeaue sind im Bereich Bitterfeld/Dessau flächenweise stark mit β-HCH, einem bei der früheren Lindan-Herstellung anfallenden Isomeren des Hexachlorcyclohexans, kontaminiert. Da ein Teil der kontaminierten Flächen im Biosphärenreservat „Mittlere Elbe“ liegt, ergeben sich nach der Ausschaltung der Flächen als Weideland Konsequenze...
The objective of our investiganions was to answer the question if there is an influence of plant protection agents (Terbuthylazine, Methoxychlor) on nitrogen and water uptake, dry matter production of maize plants. For this purpose, pot experiments with two soil types (sandy soil and loess/black earth) were conducted in 1997.
The determination of t...
In a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions, the uptake of β-HCH by rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.) was studied in order to prove the transfer of β-HCH from soil to the animal and human food chain. A considerable uptake in leaves of ryegrass was found. Due to growth dilution effect increasing with plant age, the β-HCH concentration decreased. As...
Using data from long‐term experiments at the Loess‐Chernozem site, Bad Lauchstädt und 12 other European sites, the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils, the determination of decomposable soil organic matter (SOM), the effect on yield of SOM as well as carbon and nitrogen balances are discussed. Both C and N in SOM have to be divided into a...
Using data from long-term experiments at the Loess-Chernozem site, Bad Lauchstadt und 12 other European sites, the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils, the determination of decomposable soil organic matter (SOM), the effect on yield of SOM as well as carbon and nitrogen balances are discussed. Both C and N in SOM have to be divided into a...
Using a large data set of results from long-term experiments, a fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM) corresponding to turnover rates is presented and discussed. It will be concluded that soil organic matter must be divided into at least two important fractions. The appliance of the easily determinable parameter "hot water extractable fraction...
Aus langjährigen Untersuchungen sowie aus Literaturdaten werden unterschiedliche Kriterien der Fraktionierung der OBS vorgestellt und diskutiert. Es wird abgeleitet, daß die OBS für die Beurteilung von Umsatzprozessen in mindestens zwei Fraktionen unterteilt werden muß. Zur Abschätzung des umsetzbaren Anteils der OBS, zur Stickstoffnachlieferung au...
Die organische Substanz des Bodens (OBS) ist Voraussetzung für Bodenbildung und Bodenfunktionen. Es werden die Vielfalt der gebräuchlichen Definitionen dargestellt und die Probleme einer ausreichend genauen Bestimmung diskutiert. Eine direkte Bestimmung ist praktisch nicht möglich. Für den Kohlenstoffgehalt der OBS werden in der Literatur Faktoren...
Aus Untersuchungen zum Umsatz von organischen Primärsubstanzen (OPS) im Boden u.a. mit 15N‐markiertem Pflanzenmaterial wurden Kriterien für die Beurteilung der Richtung des N‐Transformationsprozesses und der Stabilität von OPS gegenüber mikrobiellem Abbau sowie Grundlagen der C/N‐Transfromation beim Umsatz von einem breiten Spektrum von Ernte‐ und...
In a greenhouse pot experiment investigations were conducted to study the uptake of different amounts of the chlorinated hydrocarbons (lindane and methoxychlor) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene) by maize from chernozem soil. There were substantial differences in the uptake and translocation into maize (shoot...
Beispielhaft wurden Böden aus Gebieten mit geringer bis hoher Belastung an ausgewählten Pestizid wirkenden Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen (CKW) für einen Gefäßversuch zur Aufnahme dieser Xenobiotika durch Möhrenpflanzen eingesetzt.
Möhren sind in der Lage, pestizid wirkende CKW aufzunehmen, was auf Grund ihrer Ölzellen und der Lipophilie der zu untersuch...
Exemplary soils from low up to higher grades of contamination with selected pesticid effective hydrocarbons (CHC) were used in a pot experiment on the uptake of these xenobiotica by carrot plants. Carrots are able to take up pesticid effective chlorinated hydrocarbons which was expected because of their oil cells and the lipophilic character of the...
Heavy metals were determined in hot-water extracts and particle-size and density fractions (the light ones, with densities of <1.8 and 1.8-2.0 g/cm3, and, also, clay (<1 μm) fractions and the residue) to evaluate the anthropogenic contamination of soils and the mobility of heavy metals. These fractions are significantly different in the amount and...
Im unterschiedlich stark belasteten Gebiet der Muldenaue nördlich von Bitterfeld wurden an 4 Stellen Bodenproben entommen. Zur Beurteilung der Mobilität von Schwermetallen diente deren Verteilung in unterschiedlichen Bodenfraktionen als Kriterium der Abschätzung von Umweltrisiken. Als Fraktionierungs‐methoden wurde a) eine Heißwasserextraktion, die...
In einem zweifaktoriellen Dauerversuch (Anlage 1983/84) auf Löß‐Schwarzerde im Mitteldeutschen Trockengebiet wurde der Einfluß steigender Stalldunggaben bis zu 200t/ha.a auf die N‐Bilanz und die Verlagerung mineralischen Stickstoffs in tiefere Bodenschichten (bis 5 m Tiefe) in einer Fruchtfolge und unter Dauerschwarzbrache untersucht. Ein beträchtl...
Es werden Ergebnisse zur Bestimmung des Kohlenstoffs im Heißwasserextrakt (Chwl) in Bodenproben aus verschiedenen Dauerversuchen und von Praxisschlägen mitgeteilt. Der Chwl beinhaltet einfache organische Verbindungen sowie leicht depolymerisierbare Kohlenwasserstoffe und damit auch die mikrobielle Biomasse. Er ist relativ unabhängig von jahreszeitl...
Im Inkubationsversuch (25°C, 60% der maximalen Wasserkapazität) wurde die Mineralisation organisch gebundenen Stickstoffs aus 15N-markiertem Pflanzenmaterial während des Abbaus im Boden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Abhängigkeit des mikrobiellen Abbaus von der Stabilität des organischen Materials -entsprechend dem C-Gehalt in der organische...
Im Inkubationsversuch (25 °C, 60 % WKmax) wurde das Abbauverhalten verschiedener Wurzeln (15N-Markierung) im Boden über die Messung der CO2-Exhalation (C-Mineralisierung) und Freisetzung löslichen Stickstoffs (Nan) aus dem organischen Material (N-Mineralisierung) geprüft. Die Stabilität des organischen Materials gegenüber mikrobiellem Abbau bestimm...
