Elizabeth Rozanski

Tufts University | Tufts · Department of Clinical Sciences

Objective To estimate the point prevalence and duration of hyperfibrinolysis (HF) in dogs undergoing surgical control of spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SHP). Design Prospective observational study. Setting Single veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Forty-five client-owned dogs with SHP were screened for HF. Eighteen HF dogs treated surgically wer...

This chapter briefly describes the following basic alternatives or augmentations to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV): high‐frequency ventilation (HFV), including high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV); high‐flow oxygen therapy (HFOT); and the use of a pediatric helmet. Compared with CMV, HFV...

Objectives: To describe the perceived prevalence of zoological companion animal (ZCA) species being evaluated and treated by American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) diplomates and Emergency and Critical Care (ECC) residents in an emergency room (ER) setting and to assess potential interest in further training for the AC...

Successful placement of intravenous catheters (IVC) is a basic and essential clinical skill for veterinary students. The purposes of this study were to determine the overall success rate for IVC placement in cats and dogs when final-year veterinary students are performing the procedure in a clinical setting, to determine if self-assessed experience...

Objective: To describe circumstances and outcomes following cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in hospitalized birds. Design: Retrospective case study. Setting: Academic medical center. Methods: The hospital medical records system was searched for avian cases that underwent CPR. Medical records were reviewed; data retrieved included association of...

Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a global assessment of hemostasis and fibrinolysis and has broad applications to identify and monitor coagulation dysfunction in veterinary patients. Although alpacas are susceptible to a wide variety of coagulopathies, the assessment of TEG has not been reported in clinically healthy alpacas to date. The purpose...

Objective To describe the indications and clinical response for dogs and cats treated with esmolol. Design Retrospective case series from 2003 to 2020. Setting Single university veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Twenty-two dogs and 6 cats. Interventions Animals received either a bolus or bolus and continuous rate infusion of the ultrashort-...

The medical records of 59 puppies from 6 hospitals undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) between 2006 and 2020 were reviewed to describe the signalment, underlying disease, duration of ventilation, and outcome. The most common underlying diseases were pneumonia (n = 18), non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (n = 16), and trauma (n = 8). Twenty-six (44%...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined by increased pressure within the pulmonary vasculature, is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic state present in a wide variety of cardiovascular, respiratory, and systemic diseases. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide a multidisciplinary approach to guidelines for the diagnosis, classification,...

The purpose of this study was to determine reference ranges for the Nova tabletop blood gas analyzer laboratory parameters in ferrets. Blood was collected from 40 clinically healthy ferrets, ranging in age from 1 to 5 years old (28 neutered males, 12 spayed females). The evaluated parameters were measured using whole blood and included hematologic...

Background: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses, similar to asthma in humans, is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway inflammation and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. Human rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development of asthma; a similar role for viral respiratory dis...

An 8‐year‐old 24.6 kg mixed breed dog underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of a persistent progressive cough. Bronchoscopy documented a markedly thick and irregular, cobblestone appearance of the mucosa. A bronchoscopic biopsy was obtained; immediately after the biopsy, a large amount of hemorrhage poured from the endotracheal tube. Multiple effor...

Thromboelastography (TEG) is a rapid, reproducible test of haemostatic function in whole blood used to identify and quantify alterations of both hyper-and hypocoagulative disease states. TEG may have diagnostic potential in New World Camelids with hemostatic disorders. The study objective was to establish clinically applicable normal values using b...

Objective: To investigate the reasons for evaluation on an emergency basis of and short-term outcomes for chickens from backyard flocks. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: 78 chickens. Procedures: For chickens evaluated on an emergency basis at a New England veterinary teaching hospital in January 2014 through March 2017, informatio...

Objective To characterize hemostatic profiles in dogs with acute pancreatitis. Design Prospective and observational study. Setting Tertiary referral centers. Animals Fifteen client‐owned dogs with acute pancreatitis enrolled between December 1, 2011 and June 1, 2012. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected on admission for measuremen...

Objective To illustrate the application of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) guidelines to the management of dogs and cats at risk of developing thrombosis using a case‐based approach. Etiology Dogs and cats become at risk of developing thrombosis from a wide range of conditions. These cond...

Objectives To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the risk of developing thrombosis and the management of small animals with antithrombotics. Design Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature (identified by searching Medline via PubMed and CAB abstracts) was carried out in 5 domains (Defining pop...

Objectives: Thrombosis is a well-recognized phenomenon in dogs and cats with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Despite growing awareness of thrombosis and increased use of antithrombotic therapy, there is little information in the veterinary literature to guide the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. The goal of Domai...

Background Heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, alleviates airway obstruction in people and improves air flow, and its use has been proposed in dogs. Brachycephalic dogs have naturally occurring airway obstruction where heliox might be a useful therapeutic option. Objective The purposes of this study were to (1) determine the impact of breathin...

Airway management reflects the need to provide an adequate path for airflow to go from the upper airway to the lower airways. For the clinician, airway management requires rapid and accurate patient assessment and early intervention as required.

Difficulty breathing is a true emergency and should be promptly addressed by the clinician. The defect should be localized to the upper airway, lower airway, parenchyma or pleural space. Supplemental oxygen should be provided. A step‐wise approach to stabilization and identification of the underlying cause is the best method to improve outcomes.

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Inherited coagulopathies are uncommon, but may be seen in the emergency room, either as the specific cause of a presenting complaint or as a potential complicating factor for a patient with another condition. Pure‐bred dogs are more commonly affected but any dog or cat may have an inherited disease. Transfusion with clotting factors and strict atte...

Pneumonia is an important cause of respiratory distress in puppies. The infection is a manifestation of the kennel cough or canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRD). The clinical presentation can be somewhat variable, ranging from symptomatic puppies still alert and eating through to septic puppies that may not survive their disease. Ac...

Epistaxis or nasal hemorrhage may develop from either local causes, such as trauma or neoplasia, or systemic causes, such as thrombocytopenia. Local causes are more common. Treatment is divided into control of hemorrhage, either medical or surgically, and then investigation and specific therapy for the identified problems. The prognosis is dependen...

Porcupine quill injuries are common in more northern parts of North America. Quills should be removed under heavy sedation or anesthesia. Quill migration can cause a variety of problems, including pneumothorax, ocular, neurological, cardiac or musculoskeletal complications.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a transoral tracheal wash (TOTW) on respiratory mechanics in dogs and to describe the use of a critical care ventilator (CCV) to determine respiratory mechanics. Fourteen client-owned dogs with respiratory diseases were enrolled. Respiratory mechanics, including static compliance (Cstat) and...

OBJECTIVE To characterize and compare injuries found in dogs involved in spontaneously occurring dogfights with those of dogs used in illegal organized dogfighting. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS 36 medium-sized dogs evaluated following spontaneous fights with a dog of the same sex and similar weight (medium dog–medium dog [MDMD]...

We investigated the effect of pyometra on kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG). Eighteen client-owned dogs with pyometra and 8 healthy spayed dogs were recruited. TEG parameters and packed cell volume were determined. Results from spayed females and from intact females with pyometra were compared using a Student t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum t...

There is no evidence-based diagnostic approach for diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in dogs. Many dogs with diseases that predispose to thrombosis are hypercoagulable when assessed with thromboelastography (TEG), but no direct link has been established. The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate if diseased dogs with PTE, diagnosed...

Objective To assess abnormalities in concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in relation to arrhythmias, echocardiographic measurements, and survival in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV). Design Prospective observational study. Setting University hospital. Animals...

CASE DESCRIPTION 2 dogs with chylothorax were identified to have cardiac mass lesions obstructing the return of venous blood from the cranial vena cava. Chylous effusion was presumed to have been a result of an increase in cranial vena cava pressure affecting flow of chyle through the thoracic duct. CLINICAL FINDINGS Both dogs had tachypnea and ple...

Providing veterinary students with opportunities to develop clinical skills in a realistic, hands-on environment remains a challenge for veterinary education. We have developed a novel approach to teaching clinical medicine to fourth-year veterinary students and technical high school students via development of a primary care clinic embedded within...

Objective To compare the time required and the success rate of personnel with 4 different levels of experience to place a humeral intraosseous (IO) catheter versus a jugular venous catheter (IV) in cadaver dogs. Design Prospective study. Setting Veterinary university teaching hospital. Interventions Canine cadavers from recently euthanized dogs...

Background Diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in dogs relies on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), but detailed interpretation of CTPA images is demanding for the radiologist and only large vessels may be evaluated. New approaches for better detection of smaller thrombi include dual energy computed tomography (DECT) as well...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) with serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). DESIGN Prospective observational study. ANIMALS 80 dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs hospitalized in an ICU for > 12 hours between February 1 and June 1, 2015, that had at least...

We evaluated whether dogs with severe brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) developed a hypercoagulable state similar to people with obstructive sleep apnea. Five dogs with grade 3 BOAS were included as well as 5 healthy control Labrador Retrievers. Venous blood samples were collected from each dog for performance of thromboelastography...

Background: Pericardial effusion (PE) is common in dogs. Clinical signs may be vague until cardiac tamponade and associated cardiovascular decompensation develops. Vomiting has previously been identified in some dogs, but the actual prevalence of vomiting in dogs with PE is unknown. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of vomiting...

Fluid therapy is the cornerstone of supportive care in veterinary medicine. In dogs and cats with preexisting confirmed or suspected pulmonary disease, concerns may exist that the fluid therapy may impair gas exchange, either through increases in hydrostatic pressures or extravasation. Colloidal therapy is more likely to magnify lung injury compare...

Objective: To describe 3 near-full-term, young-adult felids (2 domestic shorthair cats, and 1 bobcat [Lynx rufus]) that experienced uterine rupture following trauma. Series summary: Two of the animals had motor vehicular trauma and 1 had abdominal bite wounds. The 2 domestic cats that were treated with surgical exploration and ovariohysterectomy...

Objective: To determine if the concentrations of ammonia and inflammatory mediators in feline stored whole blood (SWB) increase with duration of storage. Design: Prospective ex vivo study. Setting: University Teaching Hospital. Animals: Thirteen cats, recruited from the hospital feline donor pool, deemed healthy based on the predonation dono...

We used a point-of-care assay to evaluate cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in clinically normal dogs and a heterogeneous population of dogs presenting to the emergency room (ER) and to determine whether cTnI has prognostic capabilities in an ER population. Fourteen clinically normal dogs and 129 dogs presented to the ER were evaluated. Of the study group,...

Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are often difficult to distinguish from non-accidental injury (NAI). This retrospective case–control study compared animals with known MVA trauma against those with known NAI. Medical records of 426 dogs and cats treated after MVA and 50 after NAI were evaluated. Injuries significantly associated with MVA were pelvic f...

Objective: To examine available evidence on prehospital care in human and veterinary trauma and emergency medicine and develop best practice guidelines for use by both paramedical and nonparamedical personnel in the approach to the prehospital care of dogs and cats. Design: Systematic evaluation of the literature gathered via medical databases s...

Background: Pleural effusion is a common cause of dyspnea in cats. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement, using a first-generation quantitative ELISA, in plasma and pleural fluid differentiates cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion. Hypothesis/objectives: To determine whether NT-proBNP measurements using...

Objective: To provide recommendations for reviewing and reporting clinical in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events in dogs and cats and to establish nonambiguous operational definitions for CPR terminology. Design: Consensus guidelines. Setting: International, academia, referral practice, general practice, and human medicine. M...

Background: Hospital-acquired anemia is commonly described in people but limited information currently is available regarding its prevalence in animals. Hypothesis/objectives: Assess the prevalence of hospital-acquired anemia in hospitalized critically ill dogs and cats, and examine its relationship with phlebotomy practices, transfusion adminis...

Background: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses, similar to asthma in humans, is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway inflammation and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. Human rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development of asthma; a similar role for viral respiratory di...

Objective: To relate coagulation and fibrinolysis derangements to shock severity as reflected by plasma lactate concentrations in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SHP) and determine the impact on transfusions. Design: Prospective, observational, case-control study. Setting: Three veterinary teaching hospitals. Animals: Twenty-eight clie...

To investigate the effects of in vitro hemodilution with lactated Ringers solution (LRS), hetastarch (HES), and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on whole blood coagulation in dogs as assessed by kaolin-activated thromboelastography. In vitro experimental study. University teaching hospital. Six healthy client-owned dogs. Whole blood was collected and dilu...

Perioperative complications commonly include oxygenation and ventilation abnormalities. The best outcome is associated with prevention. Ventilation impairment may be due to either neurologic compromise such as cervical intervertebral disk disease or severe parenchymal disease, while oxygenation failure may result from either the underlying disease...

A 12-year-old, castrated male, domestic long-haired cat experienced massive haemorrhage associated with an incision of a swelling on the neck 2 weeks after right-sided ventral bulla osteotomy. Emergent control of haemorrhage was gained through unilateral carotid artery ligation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was provided in conjunction with massive...

Objective The goal of this pilot study was to compare regular insulin administered by continuous rate infusion (CRI) to an approach using insulin glargine and regular insulin administered intermittently.DesignProspective randomized clinical trial.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSixteen cats with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).InterventionsC...

Computed tomography is increasingly being used in veterinary medicine to evaluate animals with pulmonary signs such as coughing, tachypnea, and exercise intolerance, however, a quantitative measure of bronchial wall thickening has yet to be validated in veterinary medicine. Canine chronic bronchitis is a disease that is characterized histologically...

Objective: To evaluate the clinical course of dogs with hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) and to determine whether factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) was associated with severity of clinical signs and outcome. Design: Survey study. Sample: Respondent information for 39 client-owned dogs with FVIII deficiency. Procedures: Informatio...

High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been described as a technique to provide ventilation and oxygen supplementation with less biotrauma. Normal conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) relies primarily on bulk convection and diffusion to eliminate carbon dioxide (CO2) and to provide oxygenation. In all forms of HFV, convection and molecular diffu...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of ischemic stroke in Greyhounds and determine whether affected dogs had coagulation abnormalities and hypertension. Design: Multi-institutional, retrospective study. Animals: 21 dogs. Procedures: Medical records (including diagnostic testing results) and MRI images of the brain were reviewed for Greyho...

Objectives To determine thawing times of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and to evaluate the activity of hemostatic proteins (coagulation factors V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and fibrinogen), clotting times (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time), and sterility of canine plasma stored refrigerated.DesignProspective laboratory-based study.Se...

Chronic bronchitis is a syndrome defined by cough on most days for at least 2 months where no specific cause can be identified. Older small breed dogs are most commonly affected, but bronchitis is also documented in midsized and larger breed dogs. Diagnostic testing includes physical examination, laboratory testing, radiography, and airway evaluati...

To examine systematically the evidence on sample acquisition and handling for the thrombo elastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) viscoelastic point of care instruments and to identify knowledge gaps. Six questions were considered, addressing sampling site, collection system, anticoagulant, collection procedure, and sample stor...

To determine whether the development of a specific antimicrobial protocol for the treatment of canine intra-abdominal sepsis would improve time to appropriate antimicrobial administration following diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis. Case controlled observational study. A tertiary referral small animal teaching hospital. Twenty dogs undergoing surg...

To (1) determine a reference interval for shock index (SI) [defined as heart rate (HR)/systolic blood pressure (SBP)], in a group of healthy dogs, and (2) compare SI in healthy dogs with dogs presenting to the emergency room (ER) deemed to be in or not in a state of shock. Prospective study. Sixty-eight clinically normal dogs, 18 dogs that were pre...

Management of respiratory distress involves careful consideration of the history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. Supplemental oxygen is useful. Urgent procedures, such as intubation, thoracococentesis, or tracheostomy, may be required. The prognosis is dependent on the underlying disease, but is often favorable. This article reviews...

To determine whether a training course in focused echocardiography can improve the proficiency of noncardiology house officers in accurately interpreting cardiovascular disease and echocardiography findings in dogs entering the emergency room setting. Prospective, blinded, educational study. University veterinary teaching hospital. House officers u...

Objective: To describe 2 cats that developed acute iatrogenic water intoxication, one associated with a continuous infusion of water provided via an esophagostomy tube and one following SC administration of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Case or series summary: A 10-year-old cat with squamous cell carcinoma was hospitalized for treatment of dehydra...

To determine if low tidal volume (V(T) ) ventilation is associated with the development of respiratory acidosis and changes in lung function in healthy dogs. Randomized prospective experimental cross-over study. Pulmonary function laboratory at a university teaching hospital. Five healthy Beagle dogs. Dogs were anesthetized and randomly mechanicall...

To systematically evaluate the evidence of the effect of advanced life support techniques on outcome in veterinary cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to outline knowledge gaps. Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on c...

To present a series of evidence-based, consensus guidelines for veterinary CPR in dogs and cats. Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Questions in five do...

Thirty-five cases of spontaneous pneumothorax were reviewed. In contrast to dogs, cats with an established etiology all had spontaneous pneumothorax associated with lung disease. Underlying diseases identified in affected cats included inflammatory airway disease, neoplasia, heartworm infection, pulmonary abscess and lungworm infection. Many cats w...

Administration of epinephrine during CPR is recommended for treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in dogs. Administration of epinephrine during CPR might be associated with deleterious adverse effects. Vasopressin has been studied for use in CPR as an alternative. That administration of vasopressin instead of epinephrine with standard CPR techn...

To determine agreement in bacterial culture and susceptibility (BC&S) between deep oral swab (DOS) and routine transoral tracheal wash (TOTW) in dogs with pneumonia. Prospective study, performed between 2008 and 2010 with no follow-up period. University teaching hospital. Five puppies and 5 adult dogs with community or hospital-acquired pneumonia....

To describe the application of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IIPV) in dogs with lower motor neuron disease (LMND). Multi-institutional, retrospective study (2003-2009). Intensive care units at multiple university teaching hospitals. Fourteen dogs with LMND that underwent IIPV. None. The ventilatory logs of 4 teaching hospitals were se...

To report a case of bilateral uveitis believed to be a consequence of septic peritonitis in a 19-month-old cat. Bilateral anterior uveitis with suspicion of extension to the posterior segment was documented in a previously healthy young cat during hospitalization for severe septic peritonitis. Based on medical history and other findings uveitis was...

Interpretation of blood smears is commonly used to provide rapid laboratory evaluation of animals in veterinary emergency practice, but the accuracy of results of blood smear interpretation by emergency room personnel (ERP) compared with evaluation by trained veterinary clinical pathology personnel is unknown. The goal of this study was to compare...

The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used in human medicine to objectively assess the degree of impairment, and to provide objective evidence of disease progression or response to therapy. The 6MWT will be easy to perform and well-tolerated in pet dogs. Dogs with pulmonary disease will walk shorter distances than healthy dogs. Sixty-nine healthy...

Cardiopulmonary arrest is relatively common in hospitalized rabbits. The purpose of this study was to assess whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was effective in rabbits with cardiopulmonary arrest. Rabbit patients were evaluated on patient characteristics, treatment, and outcome after CPR. Only rabbits with complete medical records were in...

In people, increased thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen has been associated with increased risk of thrombosis, and decreased TAFI may contribute to bleeding diathesis. TAFI activity in dogs has been described in experimental models, but not in dogs with spontaneous disease. The aim of this study was to compare TAFI activity...