About
107
Publications
86,481
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
4,529
Citations
Publications
Publications (107)
Interprofessional teamwork is vital to effective patient care, and targeting healthcare learners earlier in their education can lead to greater improvement in confidence and competence in teamwork skills. Despite this, institutions have continued struggling to integrate competency-based interprofessional teamwork curriculum in undergraduate health...
BACKGROUND
Perioperative handoffs are known to present unique challenges to safe and effective patient care. Numerous national accrediting bodies have called for standardized, structured handoff processes. Handoff mnemonics provide a memory aid and standardized structure, as well as promote a shared mental model. We set out to identify perioperativ...
This study evaluates the relationships between individual and team‐level factors in influencing burnout among clinical healthcare providers. Focusing on psychological safety, perceived autonomy, perceived team effectiveness, and emotional intelligence, the research aims to understand how these elements contribute to the prevalence and severity of b...
This paper underscores the need for increased human factors research in cancer care and the involvement of human factors professionals in this field. While human factors principles have been widely applied in aviation, driving, and some aspects of healthcare to enhance safety and usability, they remain underutilized in cancer care. The authors empl...
As institutions continuously strive to align with the standards set forth within competency-based medical education, there is an increased need to produce evidence of learner achievement in the form of observable behaviors. However, the complexity of healthcare education and clinical environments make it challenging to generate valid and reliable b...
The delivery of top-notch medical care relies heavily on advanced technologies, cutting-edge tests and treatments, and adaptations to evolving patient demographics. Success hinges on the effectiveness of interconnected teams and their collaborative efforts. One pivotal mechanism for fostering these collaborations is leadership; consequently, it sig...
Human factors is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand interactions between humans and other elements of a system. As such, human factors practitioners, researchers, and students should be informed of age-related changes in sensory processing, memory, and attention across the lifespan and their relevance to design. Advancements in hea...
There is a growing awareness of the need for diversity and representation in the development of ethical robots. This is essential to ensure that the ethical considerations and decision-making processes built into these robots are inclusive and considerate of the diverse communities that will interact with them. Furthermore, it is important that div...
Interprofessional healthcare team function is critical to the effective delivery of patient care. Team members must possess teamwork competencies, as team function impacts patient, staff, team, and healthcare organizational outcomes. There is evidence that team training is beneficial; however, consensus on the optimal training content, methods, and...
Background
Teams are essential to a wide array of applications and organizations often utilize varying interventions to improve the effectiveness of their teams. Due to their collaborative and modifiable characteristics, escape rooms are being increasingly utilized as an avenue to both deliver team interventions and to function as testbeds in resea...
Background
Handoffs are ubiquitous in modern healthcare practice, and they can be a point of resilience and care continuity. However, they are prone to a variety of issues. Handoffs are linked to 80% of serious medical errors and are implicated in one of three malpractice suits. Furthermore, poorly performed handoffs can lead to information loss, d...
As technology advances, human robot-teams are becoming increasingly commonplace with team interactions taking place in a variety of military, industrial, service, and social settings. Consequently, as HR teams evolve, novel and unique considerations for how these teams interact and perform are rising. The purpose of this panel, therefore, is to hos...
In this paper, we describe how swift trust in human-robot (HR) teams is developed through the incorporation of surface-level cues and imported information. Surface-level cues are physical characteristics whereas imported information serves to shape preconceived notions about the robot itself. A multidimensional continuum is used to explore the effe...
Learning management systems (LMS) are prevalent in modern day education, but their implementation is often highly diverse based on individual faculty and course needs. This can result in students falling behind in their schoolwork if they do not understand how faculty use the e-learning platform in specific courses, which may be further exacerbated...
Patient triage is a critical stage in providing patients with the appropriate level of care required. Multiple metrics are considered in determining appropriate triage at the time of assessment. Due to the complexity of healthcare intervention, patients are often under- or over-triaged. Initiatives to reduce incorrect triages have been developed an...
Background
Teams are the foundation of modern organizations. Many organizations are interested in interventions to bolster the effectiveness of their workforce. One viable intervention is an escape room. Escape rooms are engaging, team-based activities that require individuals to work together to complete multiple tasks in a limited amount of time....
Objective
Apply Human Factors (HF), systems engineering, and high reliability organizational principles to improve adverse event investigations in a regional hospital system.
Background
Given the complexity of medicine and healthcare systems, innovative thinking is required to ensure these systems are resilient to error. Understanding the work sys...
Anaesthesia handoffs are associated with negative outcomes (e.g. inappropriate treatments, post-operative complications, and in-hospital mortality). To minimise these adverse outcomes, federal bodies (e.g. Joint Commission) have mandated handoff standardisation. Due to the proliferation of handoff interventions and research, there is a need to meta...
Background
: Handoffs occur frequently in the medical domain and are associated with up to 80% of medical errors. Although research has progressed, handoffs largely remain inadequate. The absence of an appropriate conceptual model for handoffs hinders the purposeful design and evaluation of handoff procedures. This article presents a theoretical mo...
Closed‐loop communication (CLC) is a fundamental aspect of effective communication, critical in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (cath lab) where physician orders are verbal. Complete CLC is typically a hospital and national mandate. Deficiencies in CLC have been shown to impair quality of care. Single center observational study, CLC for phys...
Background
As part of the worldwide call to enhance the safety of patient handovers of care, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) requires that all graduating students “give or receive a patient handover to transition care responsibly” as one of its Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Entering Residency. Students ther...
Today’s workforce is dependent on teams. Organizations are interested in positively influencing antecedents to team effectiveness such as team composition. While many factors have been studied thoroughly concerning team composition and effectiveness, team roles have not received comparable attention. Team roles refer to groups of generalizable, goa...
Today’s workforce is dependent on teams. Organizations are interested in positively influencing antecedents to team effectiveness such as team composition. While many factors have been studied thoroughly concerning team composition and effectiveness, team roles have not received comparable attention. Team roles refer to groups of generalizable, goa...
Telerounding—the use of audio- and video-conferencing software to facilitate meetings between hospitalized patients and providers to discuss a patient’s care plan—has become increasingly utilized in place of traditional in-person rounding as pandemic pressures have necessitated a shift to more remote forms of patient care. The benefits associated w...
Objective
An escape room was used to study teamwork and its determinants, which have been found to relate to the quality and safety of patient care delivery. This pilot study aimed to explore the value of an escape room as a mechanism for improving cohesion among interdisciplinary healthcare teams.
Methods
This research was conducted at a nonprofi...
Human capital is typically an organization’s most valuable asset; however, hiring and retaining talented employees is a costly enterprise. Investing in employees with training and development to provide them with a competent, competitive edge is one way to retain employees and mitigate turnover. To truly reap the benefits of training, organizations...
Swift trust is a type of trust that is necessary when temporary group members rapidly develop a working relationship and interact with each other to perform team tasks. These teams are characterized by a lack of prior history of collaboration, experiences, or interactions to judge each other's trustworthiness and little prospect of working together...
There is growing concern that the quality and psychological benefits of online friendships are not comparable to their face-to-face counterparts. Trust is a key component of relationships and has been studied within the context of virtual relationships for decades. However, previous literature has not thoroughly explored differences in trust among...
Care coordination challenges for patients with cancer continue to grow as expanding treatment options, multimodality treatment regimens, and an aging population with comorbid conditions intensify demands for multidisciplinary cancer care. Effective teamwork is a critical, yet understudied, cornerstone of coordinated cancer care delivery. For exampl...
Modern medicine requires individuals from various healthcare backgrounds to work together as a team to integrate their efforts to safely and successfully perform surgery. These team members’ experiences, expectations, and tendencies are inherently unique. In order for surgical teams to work together optimally to achieve successful outcomes, there a...
Since the 20th century, health care institutions have used morbidity and mortality conferences (MMCs) as a forum to discuss complicated cases and fatalities to capitalize on lessons learned. Medical technology, health care processes, and the teams who provide care have evolved over time, but the format of the MMC has remained relatively unchanged....
Background
Optimal handoffs are pivotal for patient safety, yet some of the underlying communication mechanisms which support effective handoffs remain to be understood. As handoffs are conversations between providers, understanding communication mechanisms is necessary to improve handoff protocol development. The objective of this study was to cha...
Background. Modern organizations are increasingly reliant on teams, and many organizations are subsequently concerned with the development of interventions that can improve the performance of teams. Escape rooms are beginning to receive attention as a potential avenue to facilitate team-based research. Escape rooms are team-based recreational activ...
Interprofessional education (IPE) often relies on simulation-based training to advance the education and performance of a multi-disciplinary team. As such, assessment and evaluation of these simulations must be carefully considered and designed to make best use of valuable time and resources within healthcare. This chapter will discuss the many str...
Interprofessional education (IPE) enables healthcare professionals to learn with, from, and about each other. By this definition, simulation-based training (SBT) is a particularly useful modality for conducting educational opportunities that are truly interprofessional as it can bring together healthcare professionals with diverse backgrounds and e...
Games are now beginning to receive growing attention in domains outside of entertainment. Applied settings are increasingly utilizing games in the development and implementation of various training programs. Two prevalent methods for the utilization of games in training include game-based learning and gamification. The utilization of games in train...
The transfer of anesthesia patient information within a perioperative setting is susceptible to many barriers that prevent effective communication. Several studies have aimed to combat these barriers by successfully developing and implementing structured communication protocols. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of the current st...
Background
Translational research in medical education requires the ability to rigorously measure learner performance in actual clinical settings; however, current measurement systems cannot accommodate the variability inherent in many patient care environments. This is especially problematic in emergency medicine, where patients represent a wide s...
Teams have been a ubiquitous structure for conducting work and business for most of human history. However, today’s organizations are markedly different than those of previous generations. The explosion of innovative ideas and novel technologies mandate changes in job descriptions, roles, responsibilities, and how employees interact and collaborate...
Objectives
To assess closed‐loop communications (readback), a fundamental aspect of effective communication, among cardiovascular teams and assess improvement efforts.
Background
Effective communication within teams is essential to assure safety and optimal outcomes. Readback of verbal physician orders is a hospital and national requirement.
Meth...
Objective:
Medical teams play a vital role in the delivery of safe and effective patient care. Toward the goal of becoming a high-reliability health system, the authors posit that the "perfect" medical team is one that develops their attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions (ABCs) to facilitate adaptation.
Methods:
The authors synthesized the litera...
Since its initial introduction in the 1930s, checklists have proven their worth in aviation and have been increasingly promoted in medicine as a cognitive aid that can improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the different types of checklists, how they aid user performance, the barriers to their adoption, and strategies for increasing user ac...
US Healthcare, despite its exceptional technology and innovative treatments, is still unsafe and unreliable. It is estimated that medical errors account for an estimated 254,000 inpatient deaths a year and hold the distinction as the third leading cause of death in the US. Despite an aggressive national campaign set by organizations like the Nation...
Suboptimal exchange of information can have tragic consequences to patient's safety and survival. To this end, the Joint Commission lists communication error among the most common attributable causes of sentinel events. The risk management literature further supports this finding, ascribing communication error as a major factor (70%) in adverse eve...
Objective
To review common qualitative and quantitative methods of measuring shared mental models appropriate for use in the healthcare setting.
Background
Shared mental models are the overlap of individuals’ set of knowledge and/or assumptions that act as the basis for understanding and decision making between individuals. Within healthcare, shar...
Smartphones and tablets continue to be weaved into our everyday lives. The proliferation of these technologies has also led to rapid growth in the number of medical technologies that are available. In particular, medical software offers a large variety of benefits, with specific applications serving as communication platforms, information reference...
Several factors influence success in nursing graduate school. This study collected retrospective data from students in a nursing graduate program to determine which factors predict success. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis to predict success (i.e., graduation grade point average [GPA]) from student characteristics. The predic...
Methods:
Measures were collected using archival shift records, workplace injury data, and cross-sectional surveys from a nationally representative sample of 14 EMS agencies employing paramedics, prehospital nurses, and other EMS clinicians. One thousand EMS clinicians were selected at random to complete a teamwork survey for each of their recent p...
This book provides an introduction to the field of human factors for individuals who are involved in the delivery and/or improvement of prehospital emergency care and describes opportunities to advance the practical application of human factors research in this critical domain. Relevant theories of human performance, including systems engineering p...
Background and objectives:
Handoff protocols are often developed by brainstorming and consensus, and few are directly compared. We hypothesized that a handoff protocol (Flex 11) developed using a rigorous methodology would be more favorable in terms of clinicians' attitudes, behaviors, cognitions, or time-on-task when performing handoffs compared...
Objective:
The overall purpose was to understand the effects of handoff protocols using meta-analytic approaches.
Background:
Standardized protocols have been required by the Joint Commission, but meta-analytic integration of handoff protocol research has not been conducted.
Method:
The primary outcomes investigated were handoff information pa...
Team science research has indicated that trust is a critical variable of teamwork, contributing greatly to a team's performance. Trust has long been examined in health care with research focusing on the development of trust by patients with their health care practitioners. Studies have indicated that trust is linked to patient satisfaction, adheren...
Objective:
Despite good intentions, mishaps in teamwork continue to affect patient's lives and plague the medical community at large and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in particular. Effective and efficient management of patient care necessitates that sets of multiple teams (i.e., multiteam systems [MTSs] - EMS ground crews, EMS air crews, dispa...
Teamwork is a vital component of optimal patient care. In both clinical settings and medical education, a variety of approaches are used for the development of teamwork skills. Yet, for team members to receive the full educational benefit of these experiential learning opportunities, postsimulation feedback regarding the team's performance must be...
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a telemedical robot on trauma intensive care unit (TICU) clinician teamwork (i.e., team attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions) during patient rounds.
Thirty-two healthcare providers who conduct rounds volunteered to take surveys assessing teamwork attitudes and cognitions at three time periods: (1)...
Simulation-based training (SBT) affords practice opportunities for improving the quality of clinicians' technical and nontechnical skills. However, the development of practice scenarios is a process plagued by a set of challenges that must be addressed for the full learning potential of SBT to be realized. Scenario templates are useful tools for as...
Medical decision-making largely depends on the caregiver’s fundamental knowledge of anatomy. To this end, the authors discuss a cost-effective augmented reality system for simulated medical research and education. First, we define augmented reality. Second, we will review the history of augmented reality in medical training. Third, we will discuss...
Teams are pervasive in today's world, and rightfully so as we need them. Drawing upon the existing extensive body of research surrounding the topic of teamwork, we delineate nine “critical considerations” that serve as a practical heuristic by which HR leaders can determine what is needed when they face situations involving teamwork. Our heuristic...
Identifying the need of a team-based approach for improving quality care, there has been growth in creating and implementing interprofessional education (IPE). The goal of IPE curricula should be to instill the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for optimal teamwork. With this objective in mind, this paper will provide a streamlined, evidenc...
PurposeAlthough adverse events are less studied in the prehospital setting, the evidence is beginning to paint an alarming picture. Consequently, improvements in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) demand a paradigm shift regarding the way care is conceptualized. The chapter aims to (1) support the dialogue on near-misses and adverse events as a learn...
TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety) is a team-training intervention which shows promise in aiding the mitigation of medical errors. This article examines the construct validity of the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ), a self-report survey that examines multiple dimensions of percepti...
Recognizing the need to minimize human error and adverse events, clinicians, researchers, administrators, and educators have strived to enhance clinicians' knowledge, skills, and attitudes through training. Given the risks inherent in learning new skills or advancing underdeveloped skills on actual patients, simulation-based training (SBT) has beco...
Delays in care have been cited as one of the primary contributors of preventable mortality; thus, quality patient safety is often contingent upon the delivery of timely clinical care. Rapid response systems (RRSs) have been touted as one mechanism to improve the ability of suitable staff to respond to deteriorating patients quickly and appropriatel...
The serious games community is moving toward research focusing on direct comparisons between learning outcomes of serious games and those of more traditional training methods. Such comparisons are difficult, however, due to the lack of a consistent taxonomy of game attributes for serious games. Without a clear understanding of what truly constitute...
Simulation-based training (SBT) is commonly integrated into medical education. This panel examines current uses of SBT in undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education and addresses the advantages and different considerations for each. Furthermore, we consider how SBT within the different levels of medical education can inform practices...
Competency-based assessment and an emphasis on obtaining higher-level outcomes that reflect physicians' ability to demonstrate their skills has created a need for more advanced assessment practices. Simulation-based assessments provide medical education planners with tools to better evaluate the 6 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Educatio...
The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation of tele-medicine systems has. Telerounding is one specific subset of telemedicine where a team of physicians will gather in a specific location and use a telepresence robot to perform their day to day rounding procedures. This type of telemedicine is fa...
Swift starting action teams (STATs) are increasingly prevalent in organizations, and the development of trust is often a critical issue for their effectiveness. However, current theory and research do not provide a clear picture regarding how trust toward the team (i.e., the team as the target) is developed in these settings. The primary contributi...
Mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, personal digital assistants, and tablets) are evolving rapidly and growing exponentially in multiple facets around the globe. Specifically, mobile devices can be used as audio and video chat, reference guide, training tool, handoff facilitation, and decision support. Undoubtedly, there are clear advantages of leve...