Elisa Kallioniemi

New Jersey Institute of Technology | NJIT · Department of Biomedical Engineering

Despite the importance of the developing cerebellum on cognition, the associations between physical fitness and cerebellar volume in adolescents remain unclear. We explored the associations of physical fitness with gray matter (GM) volume of VI, VIIb and Crus I & II, which are cerebellar lobules related to cognition, in 40 (22 females; 17.9 ± 0.8 y...

Background Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage of development in terms of the deleterious effects of alcohol. Both lower gray matter (GM) volume and greater GABAergic activity have been associated with chronic alcohol consumption during adolescence. However, the association between these measures has not been investigated. Methods In th...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evokes neuronal activity in the targeted cortex and connected brain regions. The evoked brain response can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG). TMS combined with simultaneous EEG (TMS−EEG) is widely used for studying cortical reactivity and connectivity at high spatiotemporal resolution. Methodologi...

Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a multifactorial disease presenting with a classical symptom triad of cognitive decline, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. The symptoms can be alleviated with shunt surgery but the etiology of the symptoms remains unclear. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) was a...

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurodegenerative disease presenting with a classical symptom triad of cognitive decline, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. The symptoms can be alleviated with shunt surgery but the etiology of the symptoms remains unclear. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) w...

Biomarkers are essential for understanding the underlying pathologies in brain disorders and for developing effective treatments. Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is an emerging neurophysiological tool that can be used for biomarker development. This method can identify biomarkers associated with the f...

Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), especially for acute suicidal ideation, but the associated cognitive adverse effects and negative stigma limit its use. Another seizure therapy under development is magnetic seizure therapy (MST), which could potentially overcome the...

Objective Previous research has suggested that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) related cortical excitability measures could be estimated quickly using stimulus-response curves with short interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Here we evaluated the resting motor threshold (rMT) estimated with these curves. Methods Stimulus-response curves were mea...

The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) allows probing of the neurophysiology of any neocortical brain area in vivo with millisecond accuracy. TMS-EEG is particularly unique compared with other available neurophysiological methods, as it can measure the state and dynamics of excitatory and inhibit...

Excessive alcohol use results in cerebellar damage in adults, but there has been less research on how alcohol use during adolescence affects the cerebellum. In this study, we observed that heavy drinking from adolescence to young adulthood was associated with altered volumes of cerebellar lobules. The study included two groups consisting of 33 heav...

Background Motor mapping with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) requires defining a “hotspot”, a stimulation site consistently producing the highest-amplitude motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). The exact location of the hotspot is difficult to determine, and the spatial extent of high-amplitude MEPs usually remains undefined due to ME...

Background and objectives: In our previous proof-of-principle study, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064-nm laser was reported to significantly increase concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (∆[HbO]) and oxidized-state cytochrome c oxidase (∆[oxi-CCO]) in the human brain. This paper further investigated (i) its validity in t...

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurodegenerative disease with an unknown etiology. Disturbed corticospinal inhibition of the motor cortex has been reported in iNPH and can be evaluated in a noninvasive and painless manner using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). This is the first study to characte...

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are commonly characterized only by their onset (latency) and size (amplitude) whereas other potentially important information in the MEPs is discarded. Hence, our aim was to examine the morphological information of MEPs using principal component regression (PCR) provi...

Noninvasive transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with a 1064-nm laser has been reported to improve human performance on cognitive tasks as well as locally upregulate cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics. However, it is unknown whether 1064-nm tPBM also modulates electrophysiology, and specifically neural oscillations, in the human brain. T...

Modulatory effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) strongly depend on the stimulation parameters. Here, we compared the immediate, task-locked inhibitory effects on speech-related muscles and the tolerability of different TMS protocols during a language production task. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) and paired-pulse TMS (PP) were applied in 13 h...

Motor functions are frequently impaired in Asperger syndrome (AS). In this study, we examined the motor cortex structure and function using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and correlated the results with the box and block test (BBT) of manual dexterity and physical activity in eight boys with AS,...

Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a noninvasive neuromodulation therapy under investigation for the treatment of severe neuropsychiatric disorders. MST involves inducing a therapeutic seizure under anesthesia in a setting similar to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To date, randomized controlled trials suggest that MST has similar antidepressant ef...

Purpose: Transcranial magnetic stimulation–induced motor responses have been considered to mainly reflect the electrophysiological characteristics of the central motor system. However, certain motor phenomena, such as the magnitude of repetition suppression measured with motor evoked potentials (MEPs), could also in part be influenced by metabolic...

Non-invasive transcranial photobiomodulation with a 1064-nm laser (tPBML1064) has been reported to improve human performance on cognitive tasks as well as locally upregulate cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics. However, it is unknown whether tPBML1064 also modulates electrophysiology, and specifically neural oscillations, in the human brain...

The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) offers direct neurophysiological insight into excitability and connectivity within neural circuits. However, there have been few developmental TMS–EEG studies to date, and they all have focused on primary motor cortex stimulation. In the present...

There is a plethora of current and emerging antidepressant therapies in the psychiatric armamentarium for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Noninvasive neuromodulation therapies are one such therapeutic category; they typically involve the transcranial application of electrical or magnetic stimulation to modulate cortical and subcortical...

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) can be applied to locate cortical muscle representations. Usually, single TMS pulses are targeted to the motor cortex with the help of neuronavigation and by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes from the peripheral muscles. The efficacy of single-pulse TMS to induce MEPs has been shown...

Loud sounds have been demonstrated to increase motor cortex excitability when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized with auditory evoked N100 potential measured from electroencephalography (EEG). The N100 potential is generated by an afferent response to sound onset and feature analysis, and upon novel sound it is also related to...

Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1) is associated with progressive functional and anatomic changes in the thalamus and motor cortex. The neurophysiological mechanisms behind the impaired thalamocortical system were studied through short-term adaptation of the motor cortex to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) via repetition suppression (RS) phe...

Introduction The reactivity to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) changes with development. For example, motor cortex TMS-evoked EEG response decreases significantly with age. Structurally, the grey matter of the motor cortex reaches maturity by the age of 10 years, whereas the maturation of superficial white matter continues until early adult...

Introduction Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) is a phenomenon in which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are decreased in amplitude due to preceding electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve, such as the median nerve at the wrist. If the nerve is stimulated around 21 ms before giving the TMS...

The most thoroughly studied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) potential (TEP), N100, is often defined as a measure of cortical inhibition. We explored the association of the N100 amplitude with attention in 51 young healthy adults. Navigated TMS with simultaneous EEG registering was applied over the left pri...

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. An error in the transformation between coordinate systems used to derive part of the results has been noticed.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool to perturb brain activity. In TMS studies, the stimulation intensity (SI) is commonly normalized to the resting motor threshold (rMT) that produces muscle responses in 50% of stimulations applied to the motor cortex (M1). Since rMT is influenced by spinal excitability and coil-to-cortex...

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) can be applied to locate and outline cortical motor representations. This may be important, e.g., when planning neurosurgery or focused nTMS therapy, or when assessing plastic changes during neurorehabilitation. Conventionally, a cortical location is considered to belong to the motor cortex if the...

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced I-wave behavior can be demonstrated at neuronal population level using paired-pulses and by observing short-interval cortical facilitation (SICF). Advancements in stimulator technology have made it possible to apply biphasic paired-pulses to induce SICF. Objective: Our aim was to charac...

ECCN 2017

ECCN 2017

ECCN 2017

Repetition suppression (RS) is evident as a weakened response to repeated stimuli after the initial response. RS has been demonstrated in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Here, we investigated the effect of inter-train interval (ITI) on the induction of RS of MEPs with the attempt to optimize the...

Data. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes induced with transcranial magnetic stimulation in trains of four or twenty pulses with different inter-train intervals (ITIs). (XLSX)

Poster

Poster

Poster

Brain Stimulation, 2017

Brain Stimulation, 2017

Motor functions improve during childhood and adolescence, but little is still known about the development of cortical motor circuits during early life. To elucidate the neurophysiological hallmarks of motor cortex development, we investigated the differences in motor cortical excitability and connectivity between healthy children, adolescents, and...

Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and functional connectivity. In the cent...

Poster

Background: Although the relationship between neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely studied in motor mapping, it is unknown how the motor response type or the choice of motor task affect this relationship. New method: Centers of gravity (CoGs) and response maxima...

Objective Inhibitory effects of (online) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are strongly influenced by the stimulation paradigm. In general, cortical inhibition –at least of the primary motor cortex– is reflected by cortical silent periods (cSP) evoked in the respective muscles. This study compares different rTMS protocols regardin...

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is becoming a popular tool in pre-operative mapping of functional motor areas. The stimulation intensities used in the mapping are commonly suprathreshold intensities with respect to the patient's resting motor threshold (rMT). There is no consensus on which suprathreshold intensity should be used...

Objective: To assess the inter-hemispheric differences in neuronal function and structure of the motor cortex in a small group of chronic stroke patients having suffered a restricted ischemic lesion affecting hand motor representation. GABAergic intracortical inhibition, known to be affected by stroke lesion, was also investigated. Methods: Eigh...

Objective To evaluate whether stroke lesion focused on the primary motor cortex hand knob re-localizes the hand motor area in the affected hemisphere. Methods The study included 8 right-handed chronic ischemic stroke patients (2 females, age range: 48–68 years) with hand knob localized lesion (2 left hemisphere, 6 right hemisphere, at least 2 years...

Objective: to investigate differences between hyperadrenergic and neuropathic type of POTS in cardiovascular response to orthostatic provocation. Methods: Forty-three POTS patients underwent head-up tilt table test (HUTT) protocol: 10-minute supine phase and 30-minute 70° tilted phase. Serum catecholamine levels were determined and patients were ca...

Objective To assess function of the motor cortex in chronic stroke patients who had suffered a restricted focal ischemic lesion affecting primarily anatomical hand representation. Methods Eight patients (48–68 years) exhibiting little or no motor impairment were studied 2 years after stroke using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). B...

Objective To evaluate the repetition suppression (RS) in resting and active motor evoked potential (MEPs) and in corticospinal silent period (cSP) using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). MEPs can be though to represent the activity of the excitatory system, whereas SPs represent the inhibitory effect of the GABAergic interneurons....

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can evaluate cortical excitability and integrity of motor pathways via TMS-induced responses. The responses are affected by the orientation of the stimulated neurons with respect to the direction of the TMS-induced electric field. Therefore, besides being a functional imaging tool, TMS may potent...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be applied to modulate cortical phenomena. The modulation effect is dependent on the applied stimulation frequency. Repetition suppression (RS) has been demonstrated in the motor system using TMS with short suprathreshold 1Hz stimulation trains repeated at long inter-train intervals. RS has been reported...

Cortical motor mapping in pre-surgical applications can be performed using motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes evoked with neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. The MEP latency, which is a more stable parameter than the MEP amplitude, has not so far been utilized in motor mapping. The latency, however, may provide information about...

Voluntary muscle action and control are modulated by the primary motor cortex, which is characterized by a well-defined somatotopy. Muscle action and control depend on a sensitive balance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms in the cortex and in the corticospinal tract. The cortical locations evoking excitatory and inhibitory responses in b...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used for evaluating the function of motor pathways. According to the principles of electromagnetism and electrophysiology, TMS activates those neurons that are suitably oriented with respect to the TMS-induced electric field. We hypothesized that TMS could potentially be able to evaluate the neuronal s...

Neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method and it allows targeting TMS to specific cortical regions. This enables the application of nTMS to study motor-cortical somatotopy and to estimate the extent and location of cortical representation areas of muscles. The use of multichannel electromyogr...

Corticospinal silent period (SP) may be interrupted by a burst of muscle activity followed by a second (late) SP, generally assumed to be a continuation from the primary SP. Our objective was to characterize the input-output behavior of the late SP. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied on the cortical representation area of the right...

Poster

We evaluated the induction of corticospinal silent period (SP) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at stimulation intensities normalized to resting motor threshold (rMT) or silent period thresholds (SPTs). The aim was to reduce the characteristic inter-individual variation in SP measurements in healthy population to improve the sensitivit...

Question Cortical silent period (cSP) is a temporary suppression in electromyography (EMG) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of cortex (Fuhr et al., 1991) . The duration of cSP is used as a measure of inhibition in the corresponding cortical circuits (Orth et al., 2003) . Commonly, the cSPs are induced with a stimulation intensity...

Introduction Cortical silent period (cSP) is measured after shortly interrupting active muscle contraction with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Fuhr, 1991). The cSP is a measure of cortical inhibition and representing interneuron inhibitory effect at excited motor cortical areas. Several pathological conditions and pharmacological manipula...

Cortical silent period (cSP) is a short interruption in electromyography (EMG) during active muscle contraction induced with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The cSP is a measure of cortical inhibition and is believed to represent inhibitory interneuron effects on excited motor cortical areas. Several pathological conditions and pharmacolog...