Elia Marin

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Verified

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• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor (Associate) at Kyoto Institute of Technology

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is used to deposit conformal nanometric layers onto different substrates. In this paper, characterization of different ALD layers has been carried out in order to evaluate the suitability of this deposition technolnique for the corrosion protection of stainless steel substrates. Al2O3, TiO2 and multilayer configuration...

In the last 30 years, thin hard coatings were intensively investigated due to their high-performance characteristics: high wear resistance, low friction coefficient and good thermal stability. Performances were furthermore improved using multilayer configurations, although often limited by feasibility or cost considerations. One of the main problem...

In this paper, two different ASTM C 618 Class C fly ashes (FA) were used for the production of aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) using powder metallurgy (PM) technology. Calcareous FAs were sampled from the electrostatic precipitators of two different lignite-fired power stations: from Megalopolis, Southern Greece (MFA) and from Kardia, North...

EBM (Electron Beam Melting) technology can be used successfully to obtain cellular solids in metallic biomaterials that can greatly increase osseointegration in arthroprothesis and at the same time maintain good mechanical properties. The investigated structures, called Trabecular Titanium, usually cannot be obtained by traditional machining. Two s...

Since people spend most of their time in indoor environments, they are continuously exposed to various contaminants that threaten human health. The air quality in these settings is therefore a crucial factor in maintaining health safety. In order to reduce the concentration of indoor air pollutants and improve air quality, photocatalytic oxidation...

The Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karonovo VI human group (KGK VI) reached its maximal extension around 4500 BC, covering a large area comprised between southern Ukraine and northern Greece. Afterward, its distribution gradually receded, before vanishing altogether at the end of the fifth – early fourth millenniums BC. This study seeks to investigate the r...

A high surface-area activated carbon was prepared from biomass of hazelnut shell (HS) using dual activators of KOH and Zn(NO3)2‧6H2O. The texture properties of Hazelnut Shell-derived Activated Carbons (HSACs) can be controlled through adjusting the mass ratio of Zn(NO3)2‧6H2O. According to CO2 adsorption on HSACs, a remarkable uptake of 3.8 mmol g-...

The commercial use of Si3N4 ceramics in the biomedical field dates back to the early 1980s and, initially, did not show promising results, which is why their biocompatibility was not then investigated further until about 10 years later. Over the years, a change in trend has been observed; more and more studies have shown that this material could po...

This chapter addresses silicon nitride composites with an emphasis on biomedical applications. Beyond its use as a bulk ceramic, silicon nitride can be added to other materials, such as low-melting-point metals. However, metal–ceramic matrix composites are limited by nitrogen release at higher melting points. Laser-cladding of silicon nitride onto...

This review explores the critical role of powder quality in metal 3D printing and the importance of effective powder recycling strategies. It covers various metal 3D printing technologies, in particular Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Direct Energy Deposition, and Binder Jetting, and analyzes the impact of powder characteristics on...

This conference proceeding focuses on the evolution of the concept of biocompatibility, exploring its journey from ancient times to the present day. Evidence points to the use of biomaterials as far back as 5,000 years ago, showcasing early attempts to address medical challenges. Notably gold, which is biologically inert, emerged as a key biomateri...

By making use of the outstanding osteoinductive effects of β‐carotene, in this innovative research, we investigate the potential for application of β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA resins. Different amounts of β‐carotene, from 0% to 5%, have been mixed with standard bone cements and characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques before...

Solar water evaporation offers a promising solution to address global water scarcity, utilizing renewable energy for purification and desalination. Transition-metal selenite hydrates (specifically nickel and cobalt) have shown potential as solar absorbers with high evaporation rates of 1.83 and 2.34 kg∙m−2∙h−1, but the reported discrepancy in evapo...

In this study, electrospun scaffolds were fabricated using polycaprolactone (PCL) loaded with varying concentrations of β-carotene (1.2%, 2.4%, and 3.6%) via the electrospinning technique. The electrospinning process involved the melting of PCL in acetic acid, followed by the incorporation of β-carotene powder under constant stirring. Raman spectro...

In-time Raman microspectroscopy investigation of intracellular molecular variations revealed the activation of antioxidant mechanisms during the first 24 h of exposure to Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).

In this research, Raman imaging was employed to map various samples, and the resulting data were analyzed using a suite of automated tools to extract critical information, including intensity and signal-to-noise ratio. The acquired spectra were further processed to identify similarities and investigate patterns using principal component analysis. T...

Ammonia (NH3) is a commonly used industrial chemical to which exposure at high concentrations can result in severe skin damage. Moreover, high levels of ammonia in the human body can lead to hyperammonemia conditions and enhanced cancer metabolism. In this work, the toxicity mechanism of NH3 has been studied against human dermal fibroblast (HDF) ce...

Titanium alloys have emerged as the most successful metallic material to ever be applied in the field of biomedical engineering. This comprehensive review covers the history of titanium in medicine, the properties of titanium and its alloys, the production technologies used to produce biomedical implants, and the most common uses for titanium and i...

If you are searching for a comprehensive overview of the history of dental biomaterials https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CM6JDKQQ

Raman spectroscopy was applied to study the structural differences between herpes simplex virus Type I (HSV-1) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Raman spectra were first collected with statistical validity on clusters of the respective virions and analyzed according to principal component analysis (PCA). Then, average spectra were computed and a machin...

Thermal spray-coated components are widely used as wear-resistant coatings in many applications. However, these coatings have high levels of discontinuities that affect the corrosion resistance of the coated system. To reduce this problem, these coatings are usually sealed with liquid sealants (metals, organic or inorganic). The aim of this work is...

The latest RNA genomic mutation of SARS-CoV-2 virus, termed the Omicron variant, has generated a stream of highly contagious and antibody-resistant strains, which in turn led to classifying Omicron as a variant of concern. We systematically collected Raman spectra from six Omicron subvariants available in Japan (i.e., BA.1.18, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, XE,...

This study exploits quantitative algorithms of Raman spectroscopy to assess, at the molecular scale, the nutritional quality of individual kernels of the Japanese short-grain rice cultivar Koshihikari in terms of amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, fractions of phenylalanine and tryptophan aromatic amino acid residues, protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, and...

Objective This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the historical evolution of dental biomaterials, as well as to understand the reasons behind their biocompatibility and to identify the key factors that have influenced their development and use over the past 5000 years. Data sources The sources for this review were prima...

Metallic cellular solids, made of biocompatible alloys like titanium, stainless steel, or cobalt-chromium, have gained attention for their mechanical strength, reliability, and biocompatibility. These three-dimensional structures provide support and aid tissue regeneration in orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, and other tissue engineering...

The aim of this study was to elucidate the chemistry of cellular degeneration in human neuroblastoma cells upon exposure to outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) oral bacteria by monitoring their metabolomic evolution using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Pg-OMVs are a key factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenes...

Hydrolytic reactions taking place at the surface of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramic were found to induce instantaneous inactivation of Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1, also known as Herpes simplex virus 1 or HSV-1). Si3N4 is a non-oxide ceramic compound with strong antibacterial and antiviral properties that has been proven safe for human cells. HS...

Yttria stabilized zirconia, one of the most common ceramics in the field of dentistry and in particular dental implantology, for decades has been wrongly considered to be completely bio-inert. In this work, we investigate the role of yttria on the bioactivity of yttria stabilized zirconia formulations, proving that the composite ceramic is actually...

In this paper, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were applied to analyze compositional and structural variations of the generated activated carbon (AC), as induced by changing carbonate source in three different types of systems, PVDF/M2CO3 (M = Li, Na, and K). According to the variations of I D/I G and sp2/sp3 ratios, a strong dependenc...

This study probed in vitro the mechanisms of competition/coexistence between Streptococcus sanguinis (known for being correlated with health in the oral cavity) and Streptococcus mutans (responsible for aciduric oral environment and formation of caries) by means of quantitative Raman spectroscopy and imaging. In situ Raman assessments of live bacte...

In this paper, the piezospectroscopic effect for β-Ga2O3, i.e. the spectral band shift in response to strain/stress, has been calibrated from the indentation method by using spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy for quantitative stress evaluation of Ga2O3 devices, taking advantage of the crack-tip tensile stress field and the spatial probe deconvol...

AISI 316 L stainless steel is widely used as material to produce components by means of additive manufacturing. To increase the circular economy, the powders are collected and re-used after the printing process, thus the effect of powder recycling on microstructure and properties of printed components is of the utmost importance. This work focused...

The microstructural and molecular-scale variations induced by laser irradiation treatment on human teeth enamel in comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) were examined through Raman microprobe spectroscopy as a function of irradiation power. The results demonstrated that laser irradiation could modify stoichiometry, microstructure, and the...

Geopolymers are commonly used in a wide range of applications including binders into the building industry, production of refractory elements, filtration systems, low CO 2 emission applications, etc. Their production can be performed either by acidic or alkaline formulation. In the last 15 years, however, they have been proposed also in biomedical...

This study targets on-site/real-time taxonomic identification and metabolic profiling of seven different Candida auris clades/subclades by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Representative Raman spectra from different Candida auris samples were systematically deconvoluted by means of a customized machine-learning algorithm linked to a Raman d...

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements are used as “glue” between orthopedic/orthodontic implants and bone, since they can be modeled and easily applied by the surgeon, while being chemically and biologically stable for many years after surgery. In this research, Y2O3 powder was added to commercial PMMA bone cement to produce a composite resin...

Thanks to their thermal stability, resistance to oxidation and mechanical strength, cobalt-chrome molybdenum alloys are considered an ideal alloy for high temperature applications. The surface oxide layer evolves as a function of time and temperature, changing its chemical structure and increasing its thickness from a few nanometers to various micr...

Percolative composites of polyvinylidene fluoride/potassium carbonate (PKC) represent a new way of incorporating activated carbon in the polymer matrix with high dielectric constant and electrical conductivity, making it promising for flexible energy storage applications. In this paper, a series of characterization techniques were applied to invest...

This study presents a set of vibrational characterizations on a nanogel-cross-linked porous freeze-dried gel (NanoCliP-FD gel) scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy. This scaffold is designed for the in vitro culture of high-quality cartilage tissue to be then transplanted in vivo to enable recovery from congenital malformations...

Raman spectroscopy uncovered molecular scale markers of the viral structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and related viral inactivation mechanisms at the biological interface with silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramics. A comparison of Raman spectra collected on the TY11-927 variant (lineage B.1.617.2; simply referred to as the Delta variant hencef...

Poly-caprolactone is one of the most promising biocompatible polymers on the market, in particular for temporary devices that are not subjected to high physiological loads. Even if completely resorbable in various biological environments, poly-caprolactione does not play any specific biological role in supporting tissue regeneration and for this re...

Following the rising interested on 3D-printed technologies, this research explores the possibility to use stereo-lithography to 3D print PMMA resins reinforced with up to 15% in weight of antibacterial ceramic powders. Three different reinforcements were tested, following previous literature data: aluminum nitride, titanium oxide and barium titanat...

In this study, we monitored the effect of Al³⁺ ions on mesenchymal cells (KUSA-A1) and human fibroblasts (NHDF) by means of in vitro experiments by culturing the cells with addition of small concentrations of aluminum ions (i.e., 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm). Bone formation test was then conducted using KUSA-A1. Small concentrations of aluminum ions de...

Raman spectroscopy has recently been used for quantitative analyses of cortical bone tissue and related materials, such as dentin and enamel. While those analyses have proven useful as potential diagnostic tools, the Raman spectrum of bone encrypts a wealth of additional molecular scale details about structure and crystal arrangement, which are yet...

Oral candidiasis, a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity, is mainly caused by the following four Candida species (in decreasing incidence rate): Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. This study offers in-depth Raman spectroscopy analyses of these species and proposes procedures for an accurate and...

The multidrug-resistant Candida auris often defies treatments and presently represents a worldwide public health threat. Currently, the ergosterol-targeting Amphotericin B (AmB) and the DNA/RNA-synthesis inhibitor 5-flucytosine (5-FC) are the two main drugs available for first-line defense against life-threatening Candida auris infections. However,...

High-precision poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold fabricated by melt electrowriting (MEW) as a bone substitute was investigated, however, the inherent fragility and the low bioactivity of the scaffold impede its clinical application. In this context, a biomimetic reinforced composite scaffold combining the MEW PLLA lattice with gelatin/genipin/bio...

The bone resorption inhibitor bisphosphonate (BP) is used to prevent fractures in patients with osteoporosis and bone metastases caused by cancer. However, BP induces apoptosis of osteoclasts and excessively suppresses bone turnover, so that side effects such as jawbone necrosis have become a problem. In the super-aging society that Japan is facing...

Treatment modification to improve the durability of bamboo against biotic and abiotic factors often results in adverse effects to its mechanical properties due to changes in hygroscopic characteristics. This study aims at exploring in more detail, the effect of treatment modification, in particular smoke treatment, on the hygroscopic nature of bamb...

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films represent promising surface treatments for biomedical implants. In this paper, using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, we analyzed the effects of secondary phases present in ZrO2 substrates on the structure of DLC films fabricated by plasma-based ion implantation and deposition method, and the structural...

As an emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technique, melt electrospinning writing (MEW) is used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) submicron filament-based scaffolds with adjustable pore size and customized structure for bone regeneration. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold with excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility is first successful...

While joint arthroplasty remains nowadays the most popular option available to repair chronically degenerated osteoarthritic joints, possibilities are recently emerging for regeneration of damaged cartilage rather than its replacement with artificial biomaterials. This latter strategy could allow avoiding the quite intrusive surgical procedures ass...

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) occurs frequently in adolescents and young adults and causes progressive deformation and destruction of the hip joint and impairs standing and walking, resulting in a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients. In addition, studies have shown that a history of corticosteroid administration and h...

We finally developed our first 3D printed osteoinductive structural polymer with enough mechanical strength to be used in load bearing applications and osteoinductive properties superior than common bioglasses.

The multiple mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have created variants with structural differences in both their spike and nucleocapsid proteins. While the functional relevance of these mutations is under continuous scrutiny, current findings have documented their detrimental impact in terms of affini...

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) can facilitate bone formation; hence, it is used as a biomaterial in orthopedics. Nevertheless, its usability for dentistry is unexplored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Si3N4 granules for the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp cells (rDPCs). Four different types o...

Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize at the molecular scale the nutritional quality of the Japanese Koshihikari rice cultivar in comparison with other renowned rice cultivars including Carnaroli from Italy, Calrose from the USA, Jasmine rice from Thailand, and Basmati from both India and Pakistan. For comparison, two glutinous (mochigome)...

Invasive fungal infections caused by yeasts of the genus Candida carry high morbidity and cause systemic infections with high mortality rate in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Resistance rates against antifungal drugs vary among Candida species, the most concerning specie being Candida auris , which exhibits resistance to all ma...

3D printing has become such a versatile and cost-effective tool that it has evolved from a component prototyp-ing method to a full-fledged manufacturing methodology, particularly for custom designs or high value-added components. The available techniques allow working with materials of all kinds, ceramics metals or polymers, but the latter remain t...

La stampa 3D è diventata uno strumento così versatile ed economico da passare da metodo di prototipazione di componenti ad una vera e propria metodologia di produzione, in particolare per design personalizzati o componenti ad alto valore aggiunto. Le tecniche a disposizione permettono di lavorare con materiali di ogni tipo, ceramiche metalli o poli...

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a synthetic compound that is derived from the acetylation of cellulose. CA is well known as it has been used for many commercial products such as textiles, plastic films, and cigarette filters. In this research, antibacterial CA composites were produced by addition of aluminum nitride (AlN) at different weight percentage,...

Following the rising interested on 3D-printed technologies, this research explores the possibility to use stereo-lithography to 3D print PMMA resins reinforced with up to 15% in weight of antibacterial ceramic powders. Three different reinforcements were tested, following previous literature data: aluminum nitride, titanium oxide and barium titanat...

The hydrolytic processes occurring at the surface of silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramic have been indicated as a powerful pathway to instantaneous inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the virus inactivation mechanisms promoted by Si3N4 remain yet to be elucidated. In this study, we provide evidence of the instantaneous damage incurred on the...

In the current study, high-temperature stability was investigated in two types of zirconia ceramics stabilized with two different additives, namely, calcia and yttria. The evolutions of structure and oxygen-vacancy-related defects upon annealing in air were investigated as a function of temperature by combining X-ray diffractometry with Raman, X-ra...

Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were converted into osteoblasts using a ALK inhibitor II (inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β signal) on freeze-dried nanogel-cross-linked porous (FD-NanoClip) polysaccharide sheets or fibers. Then, the ability of these directly converted osteoblasts (dOBs) to produce calcified substrates and the expression of...

The thermally sensitive polymer, poly (L-lactic acid) PLLA, is first printed to a high-resolution object using an advanced 3D printing technology, called melt electrowriting (MEW). The MEW processing conditions are systematically investigated to manufacture PLLA scaffolds with adjustable filament diameter and pore size for the application of bone t...

This study focused on the fabrication of a composite of polylactic acid fibers reinforced with barium titanate (BT) and obtained by centrifugal spinning. Different concentrations of inorganic powder (5, 10, and 15 wt%) have been added to the polymeric solution and the samples have been studied to monitor any modification in chemical, morphological,...

Hazelnut shell activated carbon materials (HSACs) are promising electrode materials used for supercapacitors, due to their superior natural performance. In this research, characterizations of surface features and electrochemical performance on a series of HSACs prepared with changing calcination temperature and mass ratio of activators showed that...

Candida albicans is a fungal pathogen that accounts for more than a million death annually. Analysis of Candida biofilms and rapid assessment of antifungal therapy is a critical challenge in clinical practice. Current biochemical methods are time-consuming and expensive or require expert interpretation of the results. Hence, there is the need for a...

The nutritional quality of rice is contingent on a wide spectrum of biochemical characteristics, which essentially depend on rice genome, but are also greatly affected by growing/environmental conditions and aging during storage. The genetic basis and related identification of genes have widely been studied and rationally linked to accumulation of...

In this study, microstructural variation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics upon thermal treatment in air at different temperatures was investigated by x-ray diffraction patterns, Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The results revealed a significant dependence of the microstructure of nonstoichiometric HAp on temperature, because of the co...

The present work investigated the effect of Polylactic acid (PLA) fibers produced by centrifugal spinning with incorporated BaTiO3 particles to improve their bacteriostatic behavior. The PLA matrix and three composites, presenting three different amounts of fillers, were subjected to UV/O3 treatment monitoring the possible modifications that occurr...

Following the rising interested on 3D-printing technologies, this research explores the possibility to apply nitride-polymethylmethacrylate composite coatings on 3D printed parts in order to increase their resistance to bacteria colonization. Four different nitrides were tested: silicon, zirconium, hafnium and aluminum. Trans-micrometric particles...

Powder mixtures of Alumina and Chromia, blended in different proportions (1, 3, 5 and 10%wt) by attrition milling, were fired either by pressureless sintering in air and hot pressing under vacuum. The resulting materials, characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, hardness and fracture toughness showed that all the compositions fo...

Most structural bioceramics are comprised of metallic oxides such as alumina and zirconia. They are generally considered to be completely bioinert, but a non-oxide ceramic, silicon nitride, achieves equivalent levels of mechanical reliability while being bioactive. Silicon nitride can not only stimulate cellular proliferation but it is also antipat...

Analytical algorithms based on Raman spectroscopy are proposed for the determination of amylopectin and amylose concentrations in polished white rice, and applied to characterize and compare linear and branched polysaccharide structures in nine different types of Japanese rice. A selected algorithm used symmetric bending vibrations of the C-O-C gly...

Previous studies using gram-positive and -negative bacteria demonstrated that hydrolysis of silicon nitride (Si3N4) in aqueous suspensions elutes nitrogen and produces gaseous ammonia while buffering pH. According to immunochemistry assays, fluorescence imaging, and in situ Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate here that the antipathogenic surface che...

Surface inactivation of human microbial pathogens has a long history. The Smith Papyrus (2600 ~ 2200 B.C.) described the use of copper surfaces to sterilize chest wounds and drinking water. Brass and bronze on doorknobs can discourage microbial spread in hospitals, and metal-base surface coatings are used in hygiene-sensitive environments, both as...