Eleonore Z. F. Setz

• Doctor in Biological Sciences
• Laboratoray Head at State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)

A Mata Atlântica é um bioma com alta diversidade e endemismo de espécies, porém muito ameaçado pelo desmatamento e fragmentação. O Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão (PECJ), situado na Serra da Mantiqueira, está em área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, formação rara no Sudeste do Brasil que abriga espécies ameaçadas de extinção, dentre elas o papagaio...

Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land‐cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible...

Uma das principais consequências da fragmentação florestal é a perda de aves e mamíferos de maior porte que são dispersores de sementes. A ausência desses dispersores pode levar à alteração da composição vegetal da floresta, com a substituição por espécies vegetais dispersas por animais de menor porte, ou mesmo por vento ou água. Os índices de dive...

ContextForest loss and fragmentation are rapidly expanding across the tropics. Although forest loss is a major driver of the current biodiversity crisis, the effect of fragmentation remains debated, particularly for forest-specialist species.Objectives We evaluated the univariate and combined effect of forest loss (percent of forest cover) and frag...

Land-use changes are a main driver of modifications in tropical ecosystems, leading to the loss of species and ecological traits and affecting key ecological functions. Although much attention has been given to predict the effects of species loss on ecological processes, information on the large-scale effects of land-use changes over ecological fun...

Nosso objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a área de vida, a composição de grupos e a dieta de saguis em um pequeno trecho de mata ciliar (21ha) em uma área urbana, o Parque Linear do Ribeirão das Pedras (Barão Geraldo, Campinas-SP) no sudeste do Brasil. Seguimos cinco grupos entre janeiro de 2018 a junho de 2019, em um total de 15 saguis, sendo híb...

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropica...

Defaunation is considered one of the main drivers of modifications in tropical ecosystems, extirpating many large-sized vertebrates, which in turn compromises key ecological functions. Although much attention has been given to predict the effects of species loss on ecological processes, there is a lack of information on the large-scale effects of d...

For arboreal primates, ground use may increase dispersal opportunities, tolerance to habitat change, access to ground-based resources, and resilience to human disturbances, and so has conservation implications. We collated published and unpublished data from 86 studies across 65 localities to assess titi monkey (Callicebinae) terrestriality. We exa...

Protected areas can mediate negative effects of habitat loss and human-related pressures on key ecological groups. However, different protected area categories can vary substantially in their degree of enforcement, which may ensure different levels of effectiveness for biodiversity protection. Because little attempt has been made to quantify this,...

en Studies of elevational gradients in forests are particularly interesting for the considerable differences that can be observed over short distances, such as in vegetation and temperature. Different taxonomic groups display varying types of distribution patterns along elevational gradients, with unimodal distribution being recognised as the most...

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across...

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across...

O presente trabalho visou a análise dos felídeos que ocorrem em um fragmento próximo à Serra dos Cocais (Valinhos, SP), relacionando-os com a preservação da biodiversidade do local.

According to the mesopredator release theory, when top predators are eradicated from an area, mesopredators become overabundant. Didelphis aurita is the largest marsupial in the Atlantic Rainforest, and it occurs in higher abundances in the absence of top predators. This mesopredator has similar ecological requirements to the sympatric marsupial Me...

Temporarily available for free at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1440-1703.1009 In the Anthropocene, many animal populations are increasingly confined to human- modified landscapes, in which different spatial variables describing landscape composition and configuration influence species persistence. Forest specialist species are...

Mechanisms that decrease niche overlap in at least one of its dimensions (i.e., spatial, temporal, or dietary) tend to facilitate coexistence of similar, sympatric species. We investigated whether temporal or dietary segregation plays a significant role in the coexistence of Neotropical small felids. In addition, we examined the role of prey activi...

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate specie...

Aulas de Ciências incorporam uma motivação natural pelas vivências práticas que conduzem à investigação dos diversos aspectos da natureza. As atividades práticas contribuem para aproximar o conhecimento com as experiências vividas, além de despertar a curiosidade e o sentimento crítico. No entanto, a aplicação dessas atividades também envolve as co...

Species co-existence depends on how organisms utilize their environment and resources. When two sympatric species are similar in some ecological requirements, their coexistence may arise from differences in resource use over time and/or space. Interactions among coexisting marsupials remain poorly understood, especially in the Neotropics. Here we c...

Nestedness (NODF) and Modularity (Q) for Didelphis aurita and Metachirus nudicaudatus individual-resource networks. This is the S4 Table legend. (PDF)

Frequencies of occurrence (%) of food items found in Didelphis aurita and Metachirus nudicaudatus fecal samples. This is the S1 Table legend. (PDF)

Relative contribution of putative resources to the diet of Didelphis aurita and Metachirus nudicaudatus. This is the S3 Table legend. (PDF)

δ13C and δ15N values for putative resources to the diet of Didelphis aurita and Metachirus nudicaudatus. This is the S2 Table legend. (PDF)

Background Tropical landscapes are increasingly altered by extensive land-use worldwide. Such emerging landscapes have different structure, depending on the type and amount of different land covers (landscape composition) and on their spatial arrangement (landscape configuration). Understanding the relative impact of these two components of landsca...

According to apparent competition theory, the co-occurrence of two species that share the same predators appears to affect each other's population growth and abundance. However, due to habitat loss and over-hunting, top predators are being made rare worldwide. Considering that apparent competitors share similar resources, we would expect the absenc...

Frugivores are key components of Neotropical forests, regulating plant communities, forest structure, and plant diversity; however, they are highly threatened by human impacts worldwide. To effectively conserve this group, maintain their ecological functions, and plan management actions or establish future protected areas, we need to gather informa...

Although primate predation is rarely observed, a series of primate anti-predation strategies have been described. Energetic costs of such strategies can vary from high-cost mobbing, via less costly alarm calling, to low-cost furtive concealment. Here we report the anti-predation strategies of red-nosed cuxiú, Chiropotes albinasus, based on direct o...

Small felids influence ecosystem dynamics through prey and plant population changes. Although most of these species are threatened, they are accorded one of the lowest research efforts of all felids, and we lack basic information about them. Many felids occur in sympatry, where intraguild competition is frequent. Therefore, assessing the role of in...

Location of the sampling sites at the study area (Serra do Japi, Brazil) where Neotropical spotted cats were sampled using camera trap and scat sampling. Sampling sites represented with a same color were sampled simultaneously within each campaign. Campaign 1 (April 2013 to September 2013)–Group A (black): Apr-Mai; Group B (blue): Jun-Jul; Group C...

Spatial independence of detections for three Neotropical spotted cats sampled with camera trap and scat sampling (1.5 km between sampling sites) at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil. Results of Moran’s I autocorrelation tests [1]—based on the number of detection records of each species and the geographic position of each site. We used R 2.1...

Spearman’s correlation matrix for the site covariates measured at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil. The four landscape site covariates (elevation, hydrographic density, road density and percentage of high-quality forest cover) were measured at 500 and 1,000 m spatial extents (buffer sizes). Highly correlated (rs<0.50) outcomes are in bold....

Multi-season single-species occupancy models used to evaluate the effect of time (“campaign”) on the habitat use of sympatric Neotropical spotted cats at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil. p(general) = campaign + method + soil coverage + percentage of high-quality forest cover at 500 m buffer size; “gamma” = colonization; “eps” = extinction...

Model selection analysis for detection probability (p) covariates for three Neotropical spotted cats at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil. “Campaign” = campaign in which data was collected (1- April 2013 to September 2013; 2- October 2013 to March 2014; 3- April 2014 to September 2014); “Groups” = order within the campaigns that sampling si...

Photos of the cuticular impressions of each Neotropical spotted cat at 400x magnification. From the left to the right: ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), margay (L. wiedii), and oncilla (L. guttulus). (PDF)

Spearman’s correlation matrix for the three Neotropical spotted cats found at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil (based on the number of detection records at each sampling site). (PDF)

Model selection analysis for occupancy (ψ) covariates (elevation, percentage of high-quality forest cover, hydrographic density and road density) measured at different spatial extents (buffer sizes) for three Neotropical spotted cats at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil. p(general) = method + soil coverage + percentage of high-quality fores...

Single-season single-species occupancy models (cumulative wi >0.80) used to evaluate the effect of weighted distance to reserve border, geomorphometry, environmental, and anthropogenic landscape attributes on the habitat use of sympatric Neotropical spotted cats at a large Atlantic Forest remnant in Brazil. p(general) = method + soil coverage + per...

Many primates have to cope with temporal scarcity in food availability that shapes their foraging strategies. Here we investigated the changes in diet, activity, and ranging behavior of a group of black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) according to the availability of the main high nutritional density item of their diet and the foraging...

Despite major advances in mammal research, there are knowledge gaps regarding distribution, composition, and the functional role of mammal species within agricultural and fragmented landscapes. Also, there is a lack of knowledge about which factors influence mammal assemblages within agricultural ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate...

Accurate measures of animal population densities are essential to assess their status, demography, and answer ecological questions. Among several methods proposed to collect abundance data, line transect sampling is used the most. The assumptions required to obtain accurate density estimates through this method, however, are rarely met when studyin...

Snakes are a highly successful group of vertebrates, within great diversity in habitat, diet, and morphology. The unique adaptations for the snake skull for ingesting large prey in more primitive macrostomatan snakes have been well documented. However, subsequent diversification in snake cranial shape in relation to dietary specializations has rare...

List of analyzed material (Table A). Cranial landmarks definitions recorded from South American Xenodontinae snakes (Table B). Genbank access numbers (Table C). South American Xenodontinae phylogeny. Bayesian inference phylogeny (mtDNA 12S and 16S, and c-mos) of South American Xenodontinae. Numbers on the branches represent the posterior probabilit...

Phylogenetic Signal of skull shape across 200 phylogenetic trees. (A) Lateral cranial shape Phylogenetic signal values and (B) P values. (C) Dorsal cranial shape Phylogenetic signal values and (D) P values. (TIF)

Phylogenetic Partial Least Squares of skull shape on diet across 200 phylogenetic trees. (A) Lateral cranial shape correlations values and (B) P values. (C) Dorsal cranial shape correlations values and (D) P values. (TIF)

Many birds and primates use loud vocalizations to mediate agonistic interactions with conspecifics, either as solos by males or females, or as coordinated duets. The extensive variation in duet complexity, the contribution of each sex, and the context in which duets are produced suggest that duets may serve several functions, including territory an...

Pitheciids are known for their frugivorous diets, but there has been no broad-scale comparison of fruit genera used by these primates that range across five geographic regions in South America. We compiled 31 fruit lists from data collected from 18 species (three Cacajao, six Callicebus, five Chiropotes, and four Pithecia) at 26 study sites in six...

Loud calls can be heard over long distances due to their high amplitude and low frequency. These calls are commonly used for both within- and between-group communication in many bird and primate species. In the Neotropics, mated pairs of socially monogamous titi monkeys (genus Callicebus) emit conspicuous, coordinated loud calls. These vocalization...

We evaluated puma (Puma concolor) feeding patterns in southeastern Brazilian agricultural landscapes using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of hair collected from fecal samples (N = 64). We classified the samples into three groups: feeding patterns based on forest remnants, on the agricultural matrix or both. We observed a predominance o...

The maintenance of body temperature in endothermic animals imposes considerable metabolic costs that vary with air temperature fluctuations. To minimise these costs, endotherms can adopt certain behaviours to adjust the pattern of heat transfer between their bodies and the environment. In this study, we evaluated whether a small Neotropical primate...

The purpose of the study was to develop a new ethogram for the assessment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) and to test whether this instrument accurately distinguishes ASD participants (n = 61) from IDD participants (n = 61). An ethogram with 88 behavior elements was gene...

Context The giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, is a large insectivorous mammal from Cerrado which is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN‘s red list. In spite of frequent giant anteater casualties, there continues to be a lack of published data on how road and landscape attributes affect road-kill rates – information that could prove useful i...

On November 8th, 2012, the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (MMA), through The Chico Mendes Insti- tute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio/MMA), issued the Circular Letter no. 01/2012/COINF/CGPEQ /DIBIO, regarding toe clipping as a method of individual iden- tification for studying small mammals, and requested expert opinion on the subject. We p...

The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), located approximately 80 km north of Manaus, Brazil, is the longest-running study of forest fragmentation in the world. The BDFFP was created in 1979 and the first primate census occurred in 1980. Six primate species inhabit the study area: red howler (Alouatta macconnelli), black spider...

Possessing a suite of unusual and interesting features, Pitheciids are at the extremes of many of primatology’s ecological and sociological continua (see Norconk 2011). Pitheciids should provide acute tests of many primatological models; however, this is frequently thwarted by the lack of even the most basic quantitative information concerning ecol...

The neotropical primate family Pitheciidae consists of four genera Cacajao (uacaris), Callicebus (titis), Chiropotes (bearded sakis) and Pithecia (sakis), whose 40+ species display a range of sizes, social organisations, ecologies and habitats. Few are well known and the future survival of many is threatened, yet pitheciines have been little studie...

The neotropical primate family Pitheciidae consists of four genera Cacajao (uacaris), Callicebus (titis), Chiropotes (bearded sakis) and Pithecia (sakis), whose 40+ species display a range of sizes, social organisations, ecologies and habitats. Few are well known and the future survival of many is threatened, yet pitheciines have been little studie...

Despite recent findings on the ecological relevance of within population diet variation far less attention has been devoted to the role diet variation for ecological services. Seed dispersal is a key ecological service, affecting plant fitness and regeneration based on foraging by fruit‐eating vertebrates. Here we used a network approach, widely us...

O livro apresenta e discute os resultados e as formulações teórico-práticas do Projeto Ribeirão Anhumas na Escola. O projeto traz aportes teóricos com dados de práticas com professores e alunos em escolas reais no seu dia a dia, sobre interdisciplinaridade, contextualização, autonomia do professor e da escola para elaboração de currículos locais, l...

Neotropical monkeys of the genera Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia (Pitheciidae) are considered to be highly arboreal, spending most of their time feeding and traveling in the upper canopy. Until now, the use of terrestrial substrates has not been analyzed in detail in this group. Here, we review the frequency of terrestrial use among pitheciin ta...

Air temperature can influence the behavior of endothermic animals in a number of ways. Here we investigated how temperature affected the activity pattern and food consumption of a free-living group of Callicebus nigrifrons. We conducted observations over 12 months (520 observation hours) in a semideciduous tropical forest in southern Brazil. The st...

Most aspects of the ecology and behavior of Callicebus nigrifrons are still unknown. The information available about this species is mainly based on a few studies that also focused on other Callicebus. We examined the feeding behavior and activity pattern of a free-ranging pair of C. nigrifrons between March and November 2007 in an area of semideci...

A urbanização agrava a perda e a fragmentação do habitat e representa uma ameaça à diversidade biológica. As espécies de mamíferos e sua abundância foram determinadas em três fragmentos de mata da bacia do ribeirão Anhumas: riacho da UNICAMP, Mata Santa Genebra e Parque Ecológico Hermógenes F. Leitão Filho, em Campinas, SP. Foram montadas dez parce...

Scat analysis is a valuable tool for the description and quantification of mammal diets. However, estimating the number of prey eaten using prey remains found in feces is difficult mainly due to differential digestibility of prey. In this context, we performed feeding trials with captive ocelots, Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1785), to evaluate the...

Urban forests are usually isolated and highly disturbed, however they are important shelters for tolerant animal species. Their food habits expose the different ecological roles these animals perform in the habitat. We analyzed the contribution of Didelphis albiventris Lund (1840), as a seed disperser, to the vegetation renewal of an urban forest f...

Urban forests are usually isolated and highly disturbed, however they are important shelters for tolerant animal species. Their food habits expose the different ecological roles these animals perform in the habitat. We analyzed the contribution of Didelphis albiventris Lund (1840), as a seed disperser, to the vegetation renewal of an urban forest f...

Food habits of jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) were studied between November 2000 and November 2001, in a 24.9 km(2) area of secondary Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantation, in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses of 26 fecal and regurgitate samples, obtained over a stretch of 570....

Scent-marking behaviour of golden-faced saki monkey, Pithecia pithecia chrysocephala, was observed intermittently between 1987 and 1990 for a family group in a Central Amazonian forest fragment. Of 95 scent-marking events (during 275.5 hours of observation), throat-and-chest rubbing accounted for all except one anogenital rubbing. Nine of the throa...

Capuchin monkeys occupy a wide range of habitats where they feed on fruits, arthropods, and vertebrates. Their large home ranges (80-900 ha) suggest that living in forest fragments may challenge their adaptability. We identified and quantified the main food items of Cebus libidinosus Spix, 1823 in forests fragments (100 ha) in southeastern Brazil....

Data on the reproductive patterns of the Brazilian slender opossum (Marmosops paulensis) were collected in an area of Montane Atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil, from August 2002 to July 2004. Reproduction occurred from September to March in both years, a period of high food supply, probably as a way to maximize survival of juveniles. There was n...

Between January and December 1996, the food habits of a relict population of jaguars were studied in 220 km2 Linhares Forest Preserve, which comprises much of the remaining old-growth Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Fecal analysis indicated opportunistic feeding on 24 prey species (N= 101 scats). Mammals represented 87 percent of the tot...

The maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus is the largest canid inhabiting South America. Its geographic distribution includes the open fields of Brazil's central area, which is currently undergoing agricultural expansion. The diet of the maned wolf and its seasonal variation was determined on a dairy cattle ranch (São Luís farm, 566 ha) in the State of...

Analysis of 141 scats of maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus collected in a region of upland forest and meadows of south-eastern Brazil yielded 351 food items in the wet season (60 scats) and 407 in the dry season (81 scats). Scarabaeidae and rodents were the most frequent animal food in both seasons, complemented by birds in the wet season and uniden...

Prior field studies of Alouatta showed the highest frugivory in A. belzebul. During 10 mo between October 1999 and October 2000, we studied the feeding ecology of a group of 7–9 red-handed howlers (Alouatta belzebul discolor) in a primary forest on the banks of a tributary of the Teles Pires River, near Paranata, MT, Brazil (934S; 5619W). The howle...

Fragmentos maiores tendem a abrigar um maior número de espé-cies, porém esta relação é mais clara quando se considera uma ampla variação de tamanho, por exemplo, fragmentos de 10 a 1.000.000 ha. Quando a variação não é tão grande, a relação positiva entre o número de espécies e o tamanho da área não aparece, ou não é tão evidente, não só para mamíf...