Eleonore Attard

• PhD
• Engineer at Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour

Despite their role in soil functioning, the ecology of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB, and their response to disturbances such as those generated by agricultural practices are scarcely known. Over the course of 17 months, we surveyed the potential nitrite oxidation, PNO, the abundance of the Nitrobacter- and Nitrospira-like NOB (by quantitative PC...

Land-use practices aiming at increasing agro-ecosystem sustainability, e.g. no-till systems and use of temporary grasslands, have been developed in cropping areas, but their environmental benefits could be counterbalanced by increased N2O emissions produced, in particular during denitrification. Modelling denitrification in this context is thus of...

The residence time of bacterial cells in the atmosphere is predictable by numerical models. However, estimations of their aerial dispersion as living entities are limited by a lack of information concerning survival rates and behavior in relation to atmospheric water. Here we investigate the viability and ice nucleation (IN) activity of typical atm...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely incorporated in many products, partly due to their antimicrobial properties. The subsequent discharge of this form of silver into wastewater leads to an accumulation of silver species (AgNPs and derivatives resulting from their chemical transformation), in sewage sludge. As a result of the land application of...

Endophytes inhabit plant tissues, offering various benefits to their hosts. Understanding their roles in sustainable agriculture is a key focus of research. Using 16S rRNA gene and fungal specific ITS2 region amplicon sequencing, we investigated how 11 different potato cultivars and 3 different growing conditions influence the diversity of microbia...

Root traits significantly influence the composition and functionality of the rhizosphere microbiome, shaping nutrient cycling and plant health. Despite the critical role of root morphology and physiology in shaping plant-microbiome interactions, they are often overlooked in plant breeding. Here, we propose that selecting modern cultivars based on m...

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently limiting grapevine productivity in many vineyards worldwide. As no chemical treatments are registered to control GTDs, biocontrol agents are being tested against these diseases. Esquive® WP, based on the fungus Trichoderma atroviride I-1237 strain, is the first biocontrol product registered in France to...

Ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes can degrade wood, but less attention has been paid to basidiomycetes involved in Esca, a major Grapevine Trunk Disease. Using a wood sawdust microcosm system, we compared the wood degradation of three grapevine cultivars inoculated with Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch, a basidiomycete responsible for...

In the face of climate change, developing sustainable agricultural practices to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides and pesticides is crucial. However, breeding for higher yields can lead to the decoupling of plant roots and beneficial rhizosphere microbes. In this study, we aim to identify potato cultivars with functional traits facilitating ef...

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently among the most important health challenges for viticulture in the world. Esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback are the most current GTDs caused by fungi in mature vineyards. Their incidence has increased over the last two decades, mainly after the ban of sodium arsenate, carbendazim, and beno...

Two major diseases that affect grapevine leaves and berries are controlled by the oomycete Pythium oligandrum. As the efficacy of biocontrol agents strongly depends on factors such as the trophic behaviors of pathogens and cultivar susceptibility, a two-disease approach was implemented to evaluate the activity of P. oligandrum against Botrytis cine...

Over the last 30 years, the description of microbial diversity has been mainly based on culture-independent approaches (metabarcoding and metagenomics) allowing an in-depth analysis of microbial diversity that no other approach allows. Bearing in mind that culture-dependent approaches cannot replace culture-independent approaches, we have improved...

Bacteria naturally colonize grapevine wood, and some populations interact synergistically with fungal pathogens to promote wood degradation. In this study, we characterized a bacterial strain, designated S150T, isolated from the wood of grapevine cultivar Sauvignon Blanc. The strain was previously known as promoting wood degradation caused by the c...

L’implication des champignons pathogènes dans le processus de dégradation du bois de la vigne a été décrit par de nombreux auteurs lorsque Vitis vinifera est atteint par l’esca (Bertsch et al., 2013). Parmi ces agents fongiques, le basidiomycète, Fomitiporia mediterranea, est considéré comme le principal agent de la pourriture blanche, ou amadou, u...

Aucun produit de protection de la vigne issu de la synthèse chimique n’étant actuellement homologué pour lutter contre l’esca, l’utilisation d’une méthode comme le biocontrôle pour lutter contre cette maladie du bois est devenu une priorité. Dans ce contexte, le premier produit de biocontrôle homologué en France pour lutter contre l’esca a pour com...

Viticulture worldwide is confronted with heavy economic losses caused by Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs). Fungi have been described as the main cause of GTDs, however bacteria diversity is very high in the grapevine wood. The function of these wood-inhabiting bacteria is relatively unknow, only a few information being available about their interact...

Fungi are considered to cause grapevine trunk diseases such as esca that result in wood degradation. For instance, the basidiomycete Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is overabundant in white rot, a key type of wood‐necrosis associated with esca. However, many bacteria colonize the grapevine wood too, including the white rot. In this study, we hypoth...

The effects of nanoparticles on performance and stability of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge were investigated in four reactors. One reactor was fed with only sewage sludge(control reactor) while the remaining ones were fed with sewage sludge with the addition of the following additives:1) silver nanoparticles(NPs reactor);2) ionic silver(AgNO...

personalized Share Link: https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1c1gbAOM9tAjv The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products that release Ag throughout their life cycle has raised potential environmental concerns. AgNPs primarily accumulate in soil through the spreading of sewage sludge (SS). In this study, the effects of direct e...

The atmospheric concentration of methane (CH4), a major greenhouse gas, is mainly controlled by the activities of CH4-producing (methanogens) and CH4-consuming (methanotrophs) microorganisms. Freshwater lakes are identified as one of the main CH4 sources, as it is estimated that they contribute to 6–16 % of natural CH4 emissions. It is therefore cr...

Alluvial wetlands provide an important regulating service, the water purification, through the removal of excess nutrients. In those habitats, nitrogen removal by the denitrifying bacterial community is hypothesized to interact with the co-existing invertebrate communities. Yet, few studies reported the infield relationship between invertebrate and...

The residence time of bacterial cells in the atmosphere is predictable by numerical models. However, estimations of their aerial dispersion as living entities are limited by a lack of information concerning survival rates and behavior in relation to atmospheric water. Here we investigate the viability and ice nucleation (IN) activity of typical atm...

The COSMOS-Flux project aimed at studying two situations that have important environmental impacts at a larger scale : the conversion tillage no tillage where different tillage systems have been applied for 14 years at the start of experiment; the conversion grassland annual crop where the introduction of temporary grassland into rotations is studi...

Ice nucleation active (INA) biological particles, in particular microorganisms, were studied in cloud water. Twelve cloud samples were collected over a period of 16 months from the puy de Dôme summit (1465 m, France) using sterile cloud droplet impactors. The samples were characterized through biological (cultures, cell counts) and physico-chemical...

Despite the enormous volume they represent and the importance they have for Earth’s climate, clouds remain environments where the microbiological features are still poorly understood. Studies of the microbial content existing in the atmosphere have demonstrated extreme quantitative and qualitative variability, of which the drivers yet need to be de...

Although ice nuclei from bacterial origin are known to be efficient at the highest tem-peratures known for ice catalysts, quantitative data are still needed to assess their role in cloud processes. Here we studied the effects of three typical cloud conditions (i) acidic pH (ii) NO 2 and O 3 exposure and (iii) UV-A exposure on the ice nucleation ac-...

Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in cloud microphysics. Aerosols of biological origin are a subgroup, and some of them are able to act as heterogeneous ice nuclei and thus influence cloud life cycles and the climate. Some bacteria species have been found to act as ice nuclei at relatively high temperatures up to -2 degree Celsiu...

Changes in grassland management induce disturbances that influence both soil functioning and soil fauna. This study aimed at determining the extent to which the composition of a grassland soil nematode community could be altered by a shift of grazing regime and the potential feedback that these alterations could provoke on grassland functioning. Th...

This book contains 28 chapters with emphasis on the interactive nature of the relationships between the soil, plant, animal and environmental components of grassland systems, both natural and managed. It analyses the present knowledge and the future trends of research for combining the classical view of grasslands, as a resource for secure feeding...

1. Depending on grazing intensity, grasslands tend towards two contrasting systems that differ in terms of species diversity and soil carbon (C) storage. To date, effects of grazing on C cycling have mainly been studied in grasslands subject to constant grazing regimes, whereas little is known for grasslands experiencing a change in grazing intensi...

In a context of frequent intensification or de-intensification of management in grasslands, a better understanding of how quickly soil microbiota responds to changes in management is required. The kinetics of changes in the structure of the bacterial community (using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis) was studied in grassland mesocosms after cha...

The influence of switches in grassland management to or from grazing on the dynamics of nitrifier activity, as well as the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB and ammonia-oxidizing archeae, AOA, was analyzed for two years after changing management. Additionally community structure of AOB was surveyed. Four treatments were compared in mesoc...

Diplôme : Dr. d'Université