Eleni Aggelakopoulou

Acropolis Conservation Service, Greek Ministry of Culture and Sports

The Parthenon’s west metopes depict scenes of combat between Greeks and Amazons. The ten metopes that remain in situ have suffered extensive destruction and decay but they still retain traces of colored paint layers. In the present study, these metopes are investigated by means of imaging techniques (Portable Digital Microscopy and Visible-induced...

This work presents a corpus of measurement methodologies utilized during a multidisciplinary project, aiming at the protection and conservation of ancient steel joints (clamps and dowels) of the Acropolis monuments, undertaken by the Acropolis Restoration Service (YSMA). The Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of the National Technical University of A...

The present work describes the research that was carried out to define a suitable replacement or supplementary stone to use in the restoration work of the circuit wall of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The main original building material of the wall is known as Aktitis stone, originating from the ancient quarries of Piraeus, which are no longer a...

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the physical-mechanical characteristics of restoration mortars, designed for the conservation works of the Acropolis monuments in Athens, Greece. The mortars were prepared with different mixing ratios of hydrated lime/metakaolin, natural hydraulic lime/metakaolin, hydrated lime/cement and cement/natura...

The preservation of the Athenian Acropolis monuments constitutes an ongoing top-priority national project of global significance and impact. The project concerning the analytical investigation of the polychromy of the Acropolis monuments presented in this paper was part of the Acropolis Restoration Service (YSMA) program (2011–2015), regarding the...

The present study is focused on the investigation of the remaining ancient paint layers of the Parthenon's west cornice blocks. Most ornamental features that referred in the 19th century literature as the cornice blocks' decoration, still survive on the Parthenon. Τhe paint layers were studied by using imaging techniques (Visible induced luminescen...

During the conservation interventions that occur in the Acropolis monuments, there is a need to develop compatible adhesive materials that will bond small fragments to the stone substrate of architectural members. For this purpose, different hydraulic pastes and mortars were designed with the aim to assess their adhesive efficacy. For comparative r...

The aim of this work is to study the influence of calcium hydrated lime (lime putty or hydrated lime powder) to the chemical and physico-mechanical characteristics of lime mortars. The mortars were designed with the same mixing ratio of lime/aggregates and evaluated till 18 months of curing. The carbonation rate is evaluated via DTA/TG, the pore st...

In order to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of a natural pozzolan (NP) of rhyolitic composition, several pastes were prepared by mixing the pozzolan with hydrated lime, in different ratios. The pastes were stored in standard conditions (RH = 99 ± 1%, T = 25 ± 1 °C) and evaluated using thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction, compressive stren...

The rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, completed in March 2017, aimed to address the deformation problems encountered after its most recent reconstruction in 1810. A diagnostic study performed by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), indicated the cause of the deformations and revealed the Aedicule...

The aim of this research is to design and produce concrete for the restoration of Byzantine monuments. Mixes with different binders, pozzolanic additions and aggregates were produced. The chemical (hydraulic products, consumption of Ca[OH]2), the physical characteristics (apparent density, porosity accessible to water through capillaries and capill...

Incompatible restoration mortars used extensively in recent years have inferred irreversible damage to the original building stones of masonries. Recent research has led to the development of compatibility criteria for the restoration mortars in relation to historical materials, through the reverse engineering approach. In the restoration of histor...

Monuments and historical buildings are degraded as time passes due to natural ageing, environmental factors, as well as natural phenomena such as earthquakes. Their conservation and restoration thus becomes crucial in order to preserve our cultural heritage. Repointing of monuments and historical buildings is perhaps the most usual conservation act...

The target of this study is the evaluation of repair mortar contribution to the dynamic behavior of Kaisariani Monastery in Athens, by using the tools of finite element analysis and fragility curves. Three types of mortars (concrete) are designed in order to simulate the Hagia Sophia historic mortar, by using different binding material: lime/metaka...

In the present work, optimization of restoration mortars was performed on the basis of reverse engineering approach. The examination and selection of raw materials and the production of a number of mixtures with different ratios of binder/additives/aggregates and gradations were carried out. The selection of these materials was based on the examina...

Mortars were prepared by mixing metakaolin/hydrated lime (with a ratio of ≤1 by mass) with sand and were evaluated in order to be used as restoration mortars on historic masonries. During 12-months curing time the chemical reactions were evaluated by thermal analysis (DTA/TG), the microstructural properties by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) an...

In this research work, four syntheses of lime mortars were prepared by using hydrated lime (powder or putty) and sand (quartz or calcite), in order to be used in restoration interventions of historic structures. The microstructure characteristics were estimated by using Mercury Instrusion Porosimetry (MIP) in time evolution from the production till...

Over the years considerable research has been conducted on masonry mortars regarding their compatibility with under restoration structures. The environmental dimension of these materials may sometimes be a prohibitive factor in the selection of these materials. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that can be used to assess the environmental impac...

Ethyl silicate-based consolidants are used to restore strength to degraded stones. One of the limitations of strength development using these products is their reported cracking behavior during drying. Particle Modified Consolidants (PMC) consist of a silicate matrix plus colloidal oxide particles. The presence of particles physically limits the si...

Cement based mortars used for historic masonry restoration presented unsatisfactory results, due to their chemical and physico-mechanical incompatibility to original buildings. In the present research, several syntheses of restoration mortars are produced using traditional techniques and materials such as binders (aerial and natural hydraulic lime)...

The present study was carried out to produce artificial hydraulic lime mortars for repair and conservation of historic masonry using a jarosite/alunite precipitate, a waste product of a novel Greek hydrometallurgical process developed to treat economically low grade nickel oxides ores. Alternative mortars were prepared by mixing lime powder, quartz...

Ceramic powder has been used as an artificial pozzolanic addition, in preparing pozzolanic mortars for the historic/traditional structures’ construction. In order to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of ceramic powder, several pastes were prepared, by mixing it with hydrated lime, in different ratios. The pastes were stored in standard conditions (R...

In order to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of metakaolin, several pastes were prepared, by mixing metakaolin with hydrated lime, in different ratios. The pastes were stored in standard conditions (RH=991%, T=251C) and evaluated using thermal analysis (DTA/TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), compressive strength tests and mercury intrusion porosimetry (...

In this work the cases of Archaeological Museums of Rethimnon and Herakleion are examined. Corrosion examination has been succeeded with non destructive techniques such as Fiber Optics Microscopy (FOM), Infra Red Thermography (IR - Th), Ultrasound Velocity (US), Determination of Reinforce Corrosion Potential, Concrete Specific Electrical Resistanc...

The present work is dealing with the optimization assessment of repair Byzantine concrete addressed to restoration interventions on thick joints brickwork masonries of Byzantine era. The design of these materials was based on the data obtained by the characterization of historic concrete of typical Byzantine era monuments that presented a great dur...

In this work criteria and methodology are proposed for the diagnosis of the durability of steel reinforcement’s in restored monuments. An integrated methodology is applied for the assessment, of traditional buildings from several areas of Greece, such as Rhodes (Kallithea Spa), Chios (Nea Moni Monastery) and Symi (The Bell Tower of St. John Prodrom...

In this research, restoration mortars with analogous chemical composition of binders, aggregates and mineral additions, as they derive from the study of historic mortars, were evaluated regarding the strength development and the lime reaction, up to 15 months of curing. For this purpose several mixtures were tested in laboratory regarding their che...

Eight syntheses of mortars used for restoration interventions in historic masonry were produced using the traditional materials of aerial lime and artificial pozzolanic additives. The mortars were aged over a 15-month period and then tested for properties related to chemical and mechanical stabilization using the following four analytical technique...

In this research, the pozzolanic activity of natural and artificial pozzolan used for preparation of restoration mortars was evaluated. For this purpose, several pastes were prepared, by mixing two artificial pozzolans and a natural one with commercial hydrated lime, in different ratios. The pastes were cured in standard conditions (RH = 98%, T = 2...

“Estimation of elastic constants of stones, used in historic monuments, using ultrasonic technique and mechanical tests. Correlation of the mechanical characteristics to the microstructure”. Moropoulou Antonia, Bakolas Asterios, Aggelakopoulou Eleni, Pineli Triantafyllia, *Prasianakis Ioannis Section of Materials Science and Engineering, School o...

The study of the behavior of Byzantine buildings that have presented excellent behavior under earthquakes, such as Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, and the church of St. Michael in Kiev can become a valuable tool for the understanding of earthquake resistant construction techniques and materials. In this work, taking into account the historic Byzantine mo...

In this paper, the example of the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Curriculum that exists as a scientific direction in the undergraduate programme of the Chemical Engineering School, in the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), in Greece, is presented. The course content includes several tools, such as theoretical lessons, laborato...

This study has examined the effects of limestone characteristics (microstructure and texture) and calcination temperature on the reactivity of the produced quicklime. Two types of limestone have been calcined at four selected temperatures (900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C), and the produced quicklime was slaked. Chemical, physical, and mineralogical a...

With a view to the strict preservation regulations for mosaics and historical sites in general, only non-destructive techniques ought to be employed for significant data collection. Besides the conventional uses of non-destructive techniques, for decay diagnosis, quality assessment, and so on, information concerning plastered mosaic surfaces can be...

The compatibility of conservation interventions on mosaics brings forward a fundamental matter for the assortment of proper preservation materials and techniques. With an eye to the strict conservation regulations for mosaics and historical sites in general, merely non-destructive techniques ought to be employed for significant information attainme...

ΠEPIΛHΨH H χρήση του µη καταστρεπτικού ελέγχου συµβάλλει στην αύξηση της αειφορίας των κατασκευών/ υποδοµών. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται πώς µε τη χρήση ορισµένων µη καταστρεπτικών τεχνικών, όπως είναι η µικροσκοπία οπτικών ινών, η θερµογραφία υπερύθρου, η ψηφιακή επεξεργασία εικόνας, η υπερηχοσκόπηση, το γεωραντάρ και η κρουσιµετρία, µπορεί...