Elena Wildner

CERN | CERN · Beams Department (BE)

ESSnuSB is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector at the second neutrino oscillation maximum using a neutrino beam driven by the uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator. The reduced impact of systematic errors on sensitivity at the second maximum allows for a very precise measurement of the CP violating...

A design study, named ESSνSB for European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam, has been carried out during the years 2018–2022 of how the 5 MW proton linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to produce the world’s most intense long-baseline neutrino beam. The high beam intensity will all...

This conceptual design report provides a detailed account of the European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam (ESS$\nu$SB) feasibility study. This facility has been proposed after the measurements reported in 2012 of a relatively large value of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$, which raised the possibility of observing potential CP violati...

In this Snowmass 2021 white paper, we summarise the Conceptual Design of the European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam (ESSvSB) experiment and its synergies with the possible future muon based facilities, e.g. a Low Energy nuSTORM and the Muon Collider. The ESSvSB will benefit from the high power, 5 MW, of the European Spallation Source (ESS)...

In this paper, we present the physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment in the standard three flavor scenario using the updated neutrino flux calculated specifically for the ESSnuSB configuration and updated migration matrices for the far detector. Taking conservative systematic uncertainties corresponding to a normalization error of \(5\%\) fo...

In this paper, we present the physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment in the standard three flavor scenario using the updated neutrino flux calculated specifically for the ESSnuSB configuration and updated migration matrices for the far detector. Taking conservative systematic uncertainties corresponding to a normalization error of $5\%$ for...

The next generation of neutrino experiments requires measurements of absolute neutrino cross sections at the GeV scale with high precision (~1%) presently limited by the uncertainties on neutrino flux. Monitoring the lepton production in the decay tunnel of neutrino beams is the most straightforward way to measure the neutrino flux at source. The E...

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.19.079901

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a research center that will provide, by 2023, the world’s most powerful neutron source. The average power of the proton linac will be 5 MW. Pulsing this linac at higher frequency will make it possible to raise the average total beam power to 10 MW to produce, in...

Very intense neutrino beams and large neutrino detectors will be needed to enable the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector. The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a research center that will provide, by 2023, the world's most powerful neutron source. The average power will be 5 MW. Pulsing...

Very intense neutrino beams and large neutrino detectors will be needed in order to discover of CP violation in the leptonic sector. The proton driver of the European Spallation Source (ESS) currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, could provide, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective and high perfor...

The properties of the neutrino provide a unique window on physics beyond that described by the standard model. The study of subleading effects in neutrino oscillations, and the race to discover CP-invariance violation in the lepton sector, has begun with the recent discovery that θ13>0. The measured value of θ13 is large, emphasizing the need for a...

"Beta beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti)neutrino beams by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a racetrack shaped storage ring of 7 km circumference, the decay ring. EUROnu beta beams are based on CERN infrastructures and existing machines. Using existing machines may be an advantage for the cost evalu...

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research centre based on the world's most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, using 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz for the spallation facility (5MW on target). It would be possible to pulse the linac at higher frequency to deliver, in parallel with the spallat...

Very intense neutrino beams and large neutrino detectors will be needed in order to enable the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector. We propose to use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effect...

A facility that can deliver beams of electron and muon neutrinos from the decay of a stored muon beam has the potential to unambiguously resolve the issue of the evidence for light sterile neutrinos that arises in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments and from estimates of the effective number of neutrino flavors from fits to cosmological...

The reaction 6Li(3He,n)8B was studied at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in the framework of the EUROnu Design Study for a Beta Beam facility at CERN. The 8B production cross section was determined through neutron angular distribution by using the time-of-flight technique. Thanks to the high statistics achieved, the neutron angular distribution for...

The nuSTORM facility has been designed to deliver beams of electron neutrinos and muon neutrinos (and their anti-particles) from the decay of a stored muon beam with a central momentum of 3.8 GeV/c and a momentum acceptance of 10%. The facility is unique in that it will: 1. Allow searches for sterile neutrinos of exquisite sensitivity to be carried...

The nuSTORM facility has been designed to deliver beams of electron and muon neutrinos from the decay of a stored muon beam with a central momentum of 3.8 GeV/c and a momentum spread of 10%. The facility is unique in that it will: serve the future long- and short-baseline neutrino-oscillation programmes by providing definitive measurements of elect...

The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is...

Massive neutrinos reveal physics beyond the Standard Model, which could have deep consequences for our understanding of the Universe. Their study should therefore receive the highest level of priority in the European Strategy. The discovery and study of leptonic CP violation and precision studies of the transitions between neutrino flavours require...

Neutrino oscillations have implications for the Standard Model of particle physics. The CERN Beta Beam has outstanding capabilities to contribute to precision measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillations. The FP7 collaboration EUROnu (2008-2012) is a design study that will review three facilities (Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutr...

We propose to install a storage ring at an ISOL-type radioactive beam facility for the first time. Specifically, we intend to setup the heavy-ion, low-energy ring TSR at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN, Geneva. Such a facility will provide a capability for experiments with stored secondary beams that is unique in the world. The envisaged physics pr...

The discovery that the neutrino changes flavor as it travels through space has implications for the Standard Model of particle physics (SM)[1]. To know the contribution of neutrinos to the SM, needs precise measurements of the parameters governing the neutrino oscillations. This will require a high intensity beam-based neutrino oscillation facility...

The Beta-Beam is a concept of large-scale facility that aims at providing pure electronic neutrino and antineutrino beams for the measurement of \( \nu_{e}^{}\) \( \rightarrow\) \( \nu_{\mu}^{}\) oscillations. Beta-decaying nuclides are produced in large amounts in a facility of the scale of EURISOL, and are then post-accelerated and stored at larg...

EURO is a European Commission funded FP7 Design Study investigating three possible options for a future high intensity neutrino oscillation facility in Europe. These options are a CERN to Fr´ejus Super-Beam, a Neutrino Factory and a Beta Beam. The aims of the project are to undertake the crucial R&D on each of the accelerator facilities and determi...

This paper gives an overview of the work done so far to produce sufficient neutrino fluxes for neutrino oscillation physics, using beta beams. The design study on a beta beam scenario, the EURISOL (European Isotope Separation On-Line Radioactive Ion Beam Facility) Design Study, a project funded by the European Commission (EC), is now published. The...

This paper gives an overview of the work done so far to produce sufficient neutrino fluxes for neutrino oscillation physics using beta beams. The design study on a beta beam scenario, the EURISOL (European Isotope Separation On-Line Radioactive Ion Beam Facility) Design Study, a project funded by the European Commission (EC), is now ready to be pub...

Beta Beam, the concept of letting accelerated radioactive ions generate a pure and intense (anti-) neutrino beam by beta decay, is the basis of one of the proposed next generation neutrino oscillation facilities, necessary for a complete study of the neutrino oscillation parameter space. The first CERN based scenario, using {sup 18}Ne and {sup 6}He...

Neutrino beams can be produced by accelerating beta active ions which will decay in a race track accelerator ring to produce intense focused neutrino beams. The production of these radioactive isotopes need special technology. One idea is to let a circulating low energy beam of 7Li or 6Li in a small production ring perform multiple traversals in a...

The LHC is starting operation with beam. The primary goal of CERN and the LHC community is to ensure that the collider is operated efficiently and that it achieves nominal performance in the shortest term. Since several years the community has been discussing the directions for maximizing the physics reach of the LHC by upgrading the experiments, i...

EURISOL (European Isotope Separation On-Line Radioactive Ion Beam Facility) Design Study is a Project funded by the Europeean Community (EC) within the 6th Framework Programme (FP6). The "EURISOL Beta Beam design study" is part of the EURISOL study. The four year duration of FP6 is coming to an end in 2009. New funding has been allocated to beta be...

The beam dynamics in the LHC require a tight control of the field quality and geometry of its magnets. At the EPAC06 we presented the simulation tool WISE which generates magnetic field errors to be used as input to the MAD-X program. This paper describes the evolution in the WISE software since EPAC06. The allocation of magnets to lattice position...

To be able to make a global parametric analysis and to have some basic understanding of the influence of critical parameters, scaling laws may be of help. For the design of the LHC insertion regions triplets, among the critical parameters the energy deposited in the superconducting triplet plays a fundamental role in avoiding magnet quench, too hea...

With a new geometry in a higher luminosity environment, the power deposition in the superconducting magnets becomes a critical aspect to analyze and to integrate in the insertion design. In this paper, we quantify the power deposited in magnets insertion at variable positions from the interaction point (IP). A fine characterization of the debris du...

The large hadron collider short straight sections (SSS) are currently being installed in their final position in the accelerator tunnel. For all the SSSs, both those in the regular arcs as well as those in the insertion regions, magnetic axis and geometric measurements are made at different steps of their assembly. These stages range from productio...

The 15 m long main dipoles for the Large Hadron Collider have now been installed in their final positions in the accelerator tunnel. Geometric measurements of the magnets after many of the production steps from industry to the cryostating, after cold tests and after preparation of the magnets for installation, have been made, permitting careful con...

The large hadron collider superconducting axes of the magnet are measured from both ends. These two redundant measurements are combined to get a reliable measurement result. When the two measurements are put together, we observe a "saw tooth" effect due to the fact that the two measurements are, in general, not identical. This is expected from the...

The aim of beta beams in a decay ring is to produce highly energetic pure electron neutrino and anti-neutrino beams coming from b-decay of ¹⁸Ne¹⁰⁺ and ⁶He²⁺ ion beams. The decay products, having different magnetic rigidities than the main ion beam, are deviated inside the dipole. The aperture and the leng...

Radioactive ions injected into the decay ring of a Betabeam neutrino facility will constitute a continuous source of decay products distributed around the ring. Secondary ions from beta decays will differ in charge state from the primary ions and will follow widely off- momentum orbits. In the racetrack configuration of the ring, they will be misma...

The normal and superconducting magnets for the LHC ring have been carefully examined to insure that each of about 1900 assemblies is suitable for the operation in the accelerator. Hardware experts and accelerator physicists have contributed to this work that consisted in magnet acceptance, and sorting according to geometry, field quality and quench...

In August 2006, about 95% of the production of the 1232 LHC superconducting dipole cold masses, whose coils are wound with Cu/Nb-Ti cables, is completed. One of the 3 manufacturers, having produced one third of the required magnets, completed its production in the end of 2005. The acceptance of the magnets takes place after the 1.9 K performance te...

The beta beam concept for the production of intense (anti-)neutrino beams is now well established. A baseline design has recently been published for a beta-beam facility at CERN. It has the virtue of respecting the known limitations of the CERN PS and SPS synchrotrons, but falls short of delivering the requested annual rate of neutrinos. We report...

The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the major project in particle physics in the world. The particle accelerator is a 27 km ring where many thousands of superconducting magnets keep protons on track. Results from complex measurements of, for example, the magnetic field and the geometry of the main bending and focusing magnets are stored in data...

To protect magnets in the insertion region, we have some degrees of freedom to use for optimal performance. Aperture, distance from the IP, the length of the magnets and the design of absorption systems are important parameters for the optimization. We look exclusively here at the effects of the collision debris, which give the major contribution t...

The normal and superconducting magnets for the LHC ring have been carefully examined to insure that each of about 1900 assemblies is suitable for the operation in the accelerator. Hardware experts and accelerator physicists have contributed to this work that consisted in magnet acceptance, and sorting according to geometry, field quality and quench...

The fabrication of the 408 main arc quadrupole magnets and their cold masses will come to an end in summer 2006. A rich collection of measurement and test data has been accumulated and their analysis is presented in this paper. These data cover the fabrication and the efficiency in the use of the main components, the geometrical measurements and th...

This paper contains a summary of the results of the magnetic and mechanical alignment tests performed at CERN on the first 111 arc Short Straight Sections. These include the mechanical axis of the Cold Bore Tube at room temperature, the magnetic axis of main quadrupoles and correctors at both room and cryogenic temperature, and the field direction...

In superconducting magnets for particle accelerators the mechanical accuracy along the length of the Cold Mass is one of the crucial parameters to guarantee the field quality needed by beam dynamics. This issue is made even more challenging in the twin-aperture LHC superconducting dipole where tolerances in the 0.3-1 mm range shall be obtained over...

The Short Straight Section (SSS) for the Large Hadron Collider arcs, containing in a common cryostat the lattice quadrupoles and correction magnets, have now entered series production. The foremost features of the lattice quadrupole magnets are a two-in-one structure containing two 56 mm aperture, two-layers coils wound from 15.1 mm wide NbTi cable...

The manufacturing of the 1232 Superconducting Main Dipoles for LHC is under way at three European Contractors: Alstom-Jeumont (Consortium), Ansaldo Superconduttori Genova and Babcock Noell Nuclear. The manufacturing is proceeding in a very satisfactory way and in March 2005 the mid production was achieved. To intercept eventually "weak points" of t...

The detailed shape of the 15 m long superconducting LHC dipole cold mass is of high importance as it determines three key parameters: the beam aperture, nominally of the order of 10 beam standard deviations; the connectivity of the beam- and technical lines between magnets; the transverse position of nonlinear correctors mounted on the dipole ends....

The main superconducting dipoles for the LHC are being stored outdoors for periods from a few weeks to several years after conditioning with dry nitrogen gas. Such a storage before installation in the 27 km circumference tunnel may affect not only the mechanical and cryogenic functionality of the cryodipoles but also their quench and field performa...

The LHC will be composed of 1232 horizontally curved, 15 meter long, superconducting dipole magnets cooled at 1.9 K. They are supported within their vacuum vessel by three Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (GFRE) support posts. Each cryodipole is individually cold tested at CERN before its installation and interconnection in the LHC 27 km-circumference...

The beam dynamics in LHC requires a tight control of the field quality and geometry of the magnets. As the production advances, decisions have to be made on the acceptance of possible imperfections. To ease decision making, an adaptative model of the LHC optics has been built, based on the information available on the day (e.g. magnetic measurement...

The LHC will be equipped with 1232 horizontally curved 16 meter long super-conducting dipole magnets cooled at 1.9K, supported within their vacuum vessel by three Glass Fiber Resin Epoxy (GFRE) support posts. The two support posts at the dipole extremities were initially designed free to slide longitudinally with respect to the vacuum vessel and th...

This report contains a statistical summary of the results of the magnetic and mechanical alignment tests performed at CERN on the first 111 Short Straight Sections for the arcs. The measurements, obtained with different instruments, include the mechanical axis of the Cold Bore Tube at room temperature and the magnetic axis of main quadrupoles and c...

In this note we describe the mandate, mission and achievements of the Magnet Evaluation Board during its activities in 2004 and early 2005. The main work was at preparing the tools for magnet acceptance and allocation in the ring, while at the same time filling the slots for sector 7-8 in accordance with hardware constraints, magnet performance con...

More than 10% of the collared coils of the main LHC dipoles have been produced. In this paper, we compare the measured field quality to beam dynamics targets using correlations to measurements at 1.9 K. The present status of field quality is given and corrective actions carried out to center field quality on optimal values are presented. Difference...

In this paper, we review the tools used for controlling the production of the LHC main dipoles through warm magnetic measurements. For the collared coil measurements, control limits are based on the statistics relative to the pre-series production. For the cold mass, the difference between collared coil and cold mass is considered, allowing a very...

In the Large Hadron Collider 1232 superconducting main dipole magnets have to bend the two 7 TeV beams along the circular trajectory; they fill more than 2/3 of the 27 km long tunnel. The series production is assigned to three European firms. The specifications for the dimensions of the magnets are checked using a well defined procedure in industry...

The main lines of discussion and analysis for the LHC dipole geometry are related to the shape of the cold mass at different stages of production and tests. The limitations in the stability of the cold mass shape induces constraints for the positioning of the spool pieces (feed down effects), for the flanges (interconnectivity) and the overall shap...

The result of the magnetic measurements after the cold mass assembly is a holding point for the production of the LHC main dipoles. Here we describe how the magnetic measurements are screened to validate them and to work out faulty components or assembly procedures. The control limits are based on the experience acquired on the first 13 measured co...

The field quality measurements at room temperature of around 100 collared coils of the main LHC dipoles are analysed. Using correlations to field measurements at 1.9 K, comparison with beam dynamics limits are discussed. Both random and systematic components are analysed, allowing to pin out the most critical multipoles. Corrective actions that hav...