Elena Stancanelli

• PhD in economics
• Senior Researcher at French National Centre for Scientific Research

U.S. workweeks are long compared to workweeks in other rich countries. Much leß well-known is that Americans are more likely to work at night and on weekends. The authors examine the relationship between these two phenomena using the American Time Use Survey and time-diary data from France Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Only smal...

Earlier studies suggest that income taxation may affect not only labour supply but also domestic work. Here we investigate the impact of income taxation on partners’ labour supply and housework, using data for France that taxes incomes of married couples jointly. We estimate a household utility model in which the marginal utilities of leisure and h...

Maids, household appliances and housework time are key inputs to domestic production. This study uses data from the UK and France to estimate the effects of resource prices on the demand for these inputs. We conclude that higher opportunity costs of time increase the likelihood of having maid services and appliances. Women's time costs are also pos...

The aim of this paper is to provide new evidence on the effect of partners’ wages on partners’ allocation of time. Earlier studies concluded that wage rates are an important determinant of partners’ hours of market and non-market work and also that house work may lower married women’s wage rates. However, the bulk of earlier literature in this area...

Externalities in leisure are an important determinant of partners’ retirement strategies. This is the first study that quantifies the extent to which partners actually spend more leisure time 'together' upon retirement. Exploiting the law on retirement age in France, we apply a regression discontinuity approach to identify the effect of retirement...

In this paper we study households in which the woman is the main earner, encompassing both dual-earners with the wife outearning the husband and couples in which the husband is not employed. The literature in this area is very scant. Earlier studies find that the wife outearns the husband in roughly one of every four dual-earner couples in North-Am...

In the scant literature on partners' joint retirement decisions one of the explanations for joint retirement is externalities in leisure. In this study, we investigate how retirement affects the hours of leisure together of individuals in a couple. Exploiting the law on retirement age in France, we use a regression discontinuity approach to identif...

Earlier studies conclude that spouses' retirement strategies are not independent from each other and that policies affecting individuals in a couple are also likely to affect the economic behaviour of their partner. In this study, we exploit retirement age legislation in France as well as a retirement policy change to identify the effect of own and...

Existing studies show that individuals who retire replace some private consumption by home production, but do not consider joint behaviour of couples. Here we analyze the causal effect of retirement of each partner on hours of home production of both partners in a couple. Our identification strategy exploits the earliest age retirement laws in Fran...

This paper analyzes households' demand for time inputs to domestic services, modeling simultaneously the decision to purchase services in the market and the time spent on weekend and weekday days by each partner on routine household chores. By focusing on cleaning, laundry, and ironing, we reduce the likelihood that preferences matter and increase...

The literature suggests that in Italy husbands contribute less to unpaid household work than in any other European country, while women have the lowest market employment rates. Here we examine the time allocation of Italian couples on which there are surprisingly few studies to date. We analyze simultaneously the time allocated by husband and wife...

We study the impact of income taxation on both partners’ allocation of time to market work and unpaid house work in households with two adults. We estimate a structural household utility model in which the marginal utilities of leisure and house work of both partners are modelled as random coefficients, depending on observed and unobserved characte...

A search model of the labor market is augmented to include commuting time to work. The theory posits that wages are positively related to commute distance, by a factor itself depending negatively on the bargaining power of workers. Since not all combinations of distance and wages are accepted, there is non-random selection of accepted job offers. W...

This paper analyzes the time allocation of Italian spouses to paid work, childcare and household work. The literature suggests that Italian husbands contribute the least to unpaid household work, relative to other European countries, while Italian women have the lowest market employment rates. We model the three different time uses simultaneously f...

This paper analyzes the time allocation of Italian spouses to paid work, childcare and household work. The literature suggests that Italian husbands contribute the least to unpaid household work, relative to other European countries, while Italian women have the lowest market employment rates. We model the three different time uses simultaneously f...

This paper focuses on the time allocation of spouses and the impact of economic variables. We present a stylized model of the time allocation of spouses to illustrate the expected impact of wages and non-labour income. The empirical model simultaneously specifies three time-use choices -paid work, childcare, and housework- and wage and employment e...

This paper is focused on couple households where the wife is the main earner. The economic literature on this subject is particularly scant. According to our estimates, the wife was the main earner in one of every six couple households in France in 2002, including wife-sole-earner households. The proportion of wives outearning their husbands was 18...

This paper focuses on the time allocation of spouses and the impact of wages and other income. The theory of household production is inconclusive on the direction of these effects. Our approach is empirical. We distinguish four time uses for each spouse -paid work, childcare, housework and a reminder which includes leisure time. The econometric mod...

This paper provides new estimates of the impact of the French tax credit on the employment outcomes of women. We model simultaneously the employment probability and the determinants of programme eligibility. We improve on earlier studies in this field that, using a single evaluation equation framework, predicted ex-ante programme eligibility. Withi...

This paper looks at French couples’ labour market behaviour over the last thirteen years, from 1990 to 2002. We find that the proportion of dual earners couples has been steadily rising over time. Joint activity rates have gone up from 52% in 1990 to over 58% in 2002. About a fifth of women in dual earners couples in our sample earns a higher gross...

This paper investigates the employment impact of a new tax-credit programme that was put in place in France in 2001. We study the introduction of both this measure and a later reform in 2004 that made the tax credit cashable in advance upon returning to work. We adopt a non-experimental evaluation method. The data for the analysis are drawn from th...

This paper investigates the determinants of female breadwinners households, defined as households where the wife is the sole or the main earner. The economic literature has so far neglected this issue. The existing economic models of house- hold behaviour do not directly encompass the situation of female breadwinners households. Husbands will be li...

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One of the reasons for setting up an unemployment insurance scheme is to allow job losers to smooth consumption. We test for the impact of unemployment benefits on changes in household food expenditure of individuals who have recently experienced a job loss. We also study the relationship between unemployment benefits and the financial wealth of th...

Le principal changement dans la politique monétaire au cours des six derniers mois est le resserrement des taux directeurs américains, marquant la fin d’une longue période d’attentisme. Préparés à l’avance, les marchés obligataires ont bien réagi à ce changement. Cependant, la politique monétaire est à présent rendue délicate par la flambée des pri...

A survey of the studies on the French “Prime pour l’emploi” This paper presents a critical discussion of the evaluation studies on the French tax credit programme, “Prime Pour l’Emploi”, and proposes some possible reforms. The French tax credit was created in 2001 and reformed later on. Its purpose is twofold: to increase the take-home pay of the “...

We investigate the relationship between financial wealth, reservation wages, and labor market transitions. Wealth is assumed to affect the level of the reservation wage and the employment probability. We test for the validity of this assumption by estimating a simultaneous-equations model of reservation wages, labor market transitions, and wealth....

This paper investigates the consumption and savings behaviour of individuals that have experienced a job loss. Building on the scant literature on the issue, we test for the impact of unemployment benefits on consumption levels of the unemployed. We also expand on previous work in this area by investigating the rela­tionship between the level of be...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the expected duration of unemployment benefits on the individual probability of leaving unemployment. The theory predicts that the probability of leaving unemployment will increase near the time of the expected exhaustion of unemployment insurance. Still a limited number of empirical studies is...

This paper investigates the impact of individual asset holdings on the probability of leaving unemployment. According to the theory, higher levels of financial wealth will result in higher reservation wages and longer unemployment durations. I estimate the impact of beginning of period financial assets on the hazard rate, using data drawn from a UK...

This paper compares unemployment durations of persons on different unemployment compensation schemes from the start of the unemployment spell. It focuses on the probability of leaving unemployment to take up a full-time job. Data on actual benefit receipts are used for the analysis. The sample considered includes unemployed men on unemployment insu...

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Estimating whether the time allocation within the household is sensitive to wage changes is relevant for economic policy. Here we take an exploratory ap-proach and estimate statistical correlations of partners' wages and time uses. We analyze three time uses -paid work, childcare, and housework, experimenting with two alternative definitions of hou...

Existing studies show that retirement from the labour market is typically associated with a dramatic change in the time allocation of individuals. In particular, there is evidence that retirees substitute home production for private consumption. Earlier studies in this area have considered the behaviour of the head of the household. In this paper w...

Existing studies show that retirement from the labour market is typically associated with a dramatic change in the time allocation of individuals. In this paper we analyze the causal effect of retirement on the time use of both partners, allowing for endogeneity of the retirement decisions. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that for mos...