Eklas Hossain

• PhD PE CEM REP
• Professor (Associate) at Boise State University

This work proposes a cascaded five-level resonant boost “DC-DC converter with variable frequency control that is aimed at achieving a wide load and input voltage variation, remarkable efficiency, and zero voltage switching (ZVS) to meet the strict demands of industry applications. The design consideration of this converter was also discussed in det...

The degradation of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is caused by a number of factors that have an impact on their effectiveness, performance, and lifetime. One of the reasons contributing to the decline in solar PV performance is the aging issue. This study comprehensively examines the effects and difficulties associated with aging and degradation i...

This study aims to assess the performance of Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based inverters in high-power applications through simulations and a hardware-in-the-loop experiment. The focus is on the efficacy of GaN-based inverters for multilevel topologies, a five-level GaN-based cascaded H-bridge inverter controlled by a Texas Instruments (TI) C2000 microco...

p>This work entails producing load forecasting through LSTM and LSTM ensembled networks and put up a comparative picture between the two. Our work establishes that LSTM ensemble learning can produce a better prediction compared to single LSTM networks. We tried to quantify the improvement and assess the economic impact that it can have on the utili...

This paper provides computer analysis and experiential investigation of the permanent magnet machines with neodymium and ferrite permanent magnets to discuss the feasibility of utilizing induction machines-oriented equipment for PM machine production. For this purpose, the machines are obtained by replacing the squirrel-cage rotor of the induction...

The proposed research study aims to improve the productivity of solar still (SS) by using low-cost and eco-friendly materials. The aforementioned objective was achieved by enhancing the evaporation rate of seawater in the absorber basin and the condensation rate over the glass cover of the solar still. In this study, the low-cost and eco-friendly m...

This chapter presents the step-by-step design process of grid-tied PV systems. The chapter begins by introducing grid-tied PV systems and enlisting the advantages of integrating the PV system to the utility grid. Next, the types of grid-tied PV systems are described briefly. Then the chapter moves on to the design steps, which involve the site asse...

This chapter explains how solar cells are manufactured from elementary Silicon. At first, the concept of doping is explained, and n-type and p-type semiconductors are introduced, along with their energy band structures, followed by the description of the p-n junction. Next, the process of growing Silicon ingots, forming wafers, surface texturing, s...

Solar PV technology is highly dependent on the availability of sunshine, for which it is necessary to learn how to optimally assess solar resources at any place in the world, which is the focal point of this chapter. This chapter acquaints the reader with the solar resource terminologies and the ways to assess the availability of solar energy for t...

This chapter describes the step-by-step design process of several solar photovoltaic systems, including the site assessment, the sizing of the photovoltaic modules, battery, inverter, charge controller, wiring, etc. The chapter begins with a discussion on off-grid or standalone photovoltaic systems and then describes the design procedure of an off-...

This chapter describes the building blocks of a solar photovoltaic system in detail. The chapter begins with an overview of solar photovoltaic modules and the relevant components, such as solar modules, junction boxes, bypass diodes, and relevant concepts such as external layers, connections, and the types of solar modules. Next, batteries are desc...

This chapter mainly focuses on the extensive explanation of the properties of solar PV cells. The chapter begins with a discussion on the effect of light on solar photovoltaic cells and the characteristics of p-n junctions, explained with necessary graphs and figures. Next, the equivalent circuit of solar photovoltaic cells is described, followed b...

This chapter begins with the origin of renewable energy in juxtaposition with fossil fuels, focusing mainly on solar energy. The chapter briefly describes the solar energy technologies, namely solar heating and cooling, concentrated solar power, and solar photovoltaic systems. Since the protagonist of this book is solar photovoltaic systems, the ad...

This textbook provides students with an introduction to the fundamentals and applications of solar photovoltaic systems, connecting the theory of solar photovoltaics and the practical applications of this very important source of energy. Chapters are written concisely in straightforward language that provides clear explanations of the concepts and...

In recent years, there has been a significant shift toward the adoption of the “Internet of Things (IoT)” era, in which vast amounts of data are collected and processed, and Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to make critical choices. When acting in real-time, it is vital to use devices with a lot of computing power. MPC (Massively Parallel Compu...

This work entails producing load forecasting through lstm and lstm ensembled networks and put up a comparative picture between the two. Our work establishes that lstm ensemble learning can produce a better prediction compared to single lstm networks. We tried to quantify the improvement and assess the economic impact that it can have on the utility...

The ambitious target of net-zero emission by 2050 has been aggressively driving the renewable energy sector in many countries. Leading the race of renewable energy sources is solar energy, the fastest growing energy source at present. The solar industry has witnessed more growth in the last decade than it has in the past 40 years, owing to its tech...

Steady-state Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) based Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is utilized in brain-computer interface paradigms, diagnosis of brain diseases, and measurement of the cognitive status of the human brain. However, various artifacts such as the Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electrooculogram (EOG), and Electromyogram (EMG) are presen...

The role of energy is cardinal for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the enhancement and modernization of energy generation and management practices. The smart grid enables efficient communication between utilities and the end- users, and enhances the user experience by monitoring and controlling the energy transmission. Th...

High-resolution temperature forecasting can often prove to be challenging for conventional machine learning models as temperature is highly seasonal and varies with the time of the year as well as with passing hours of the day. In most cases, only the daily extremes or mean temperatures are provided by temperature forecasting methods. However, with...

Increased electric vehicles (EVs) penetration into the distribution network burdens the system during the charging process. But the same turns out to be advantageous if the EVs are used to support the utility based on the requirement. In this work, an attempt is made to efficiently schedule both the grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid operational m...

From disaster prevention to mitigation, drug analysis to drug design, agriculture to food security, IoT to AI, and big data analysis to knowledge or sentiment mining, a high computation power is a prime necessity at present. As such, massively parallel computer (MPC) systems comprising a large number of nodes are gaining popularity. To interconnect...

This work entails producing load forecasting through lstm and lstm ensembled networks and put up a comparative picture between the two. Our work establishes that lstm ensemble learning can produce a better prediction compared to single lstm networks. We tried to quantify the improvement and assess the economic impact that it can have on the utility...

This work entails producing load forecasting through lstm and lstm ensembled networks and put up a comparative picture between the two. Our work establishes that lstm ensemble learning can produce a better prediction compared to single lstm networks. We tried to quantify the improvement and assess the economic impact that it can have on the utility...

The utilization of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) for improving the frequency response of a low inertia power system is investigated in this article. Substantial wind power penetration is causing the replacement of conventional synchronous generators in several power systems. Variable speed wind machines traditionally do not contribute to frequency r...

For lifelong and reliable operation, advanced solar photovoltaic (PV) equipment is designed to minimize the faults. Irrespectively, the panel degradation makes the fault inevitable. Thus, the quick detection and classification of panel degradation is pivotal. Among various problems that promote panel degradation, hot spots and micro-cracks are the...

In this era of technological advancement, the flow of an enormous amount of information has become such an inevitable phenomenon that makes a path for the takeover of the internet of things (IoT) based smart grid from the currently available grid system. In a smart grid, demand-side management plays a crucial role in reducing the generation capacit...

In this era of technological advancement, the flow of an enormous amount of information has become such an inevitable phenomenon that makes a path for the takeover of the internet of things (IoT) based smart grid from the currently available grid system. In a smart grid, demand-side management plays a crucial role in reducing the generation capacit...

This paper presents integrated modeling and feasibility analysis of a rooftop photovoltaic system (RPS) for an academic building in Bangladesh. The average daily load is 353.63 kWh/day, and the peak load demand for the studied region is 90.85 kW. Four different configurations of 46kW, 64kW, 91kW, and 238kW photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed and...

Massively parallel computer (MPC) systems execute many operations based on internal networks called interconnection networks. The performance of these networks is affected by their topologies.There are many topologies of interconnection networks for MPC systems, unfortunately, they faced many drawbacks. Expanding the size of the network degrades th...

This paper presents the design and analytical modeling of the proposed solar photovoltaic standalone system under varying environmental conditions. The proposed system consists of a unique structure of a solar PV-tree, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, and DC–DC converter. The output voltage acquired from the solar PV tree is low. A DC...

The chapter explores the origins of ocean power, the three types of energy captured from the oceans, the energy from the motion of the waves, the energy from the tides, and from using temperature gradient in oceans. The main onshore and offshore ocean wave technologies are described. Tidal origins, fundamentals, and power-generating plants are desc...

The chapter provides an introduction to solar photovoltaics or generating electricity from sunlight. After the general description of various types of solar cells, a more detailed evaluation of silicon solar cells and modules is given, including their fabrication and performance characteristics. Additional components of photovoltaic systems are des...

This chapter explores the potential challenges for further implementation of RE and then continues with challenges that each RE technology must overcome to compete with fossil fuels in terms of cost, reliability, and environmental effects. The possible ways of overcoming the challenges are also proposed. At the end of the chapter, the case study te...

The chapter describes the origins of geothermal energy, the geothermal resource potential, and the best regions for capturing geothermal energy. The geothermal plant technologies and their environmental impact are discussed. A case study is presented.

This chapter covers the fundamentals of bioenergy and provides a brief overview of the routes for biomass processing. The sunlight conversion in plants and the natural carbon cycle are discussed in the context of using biomass use for electricity generation. Finally, energy crops and the production of transportation fuels from biomass feedstock are...

This chapter describes the water cycle and origins of hydro energy. It furthermore discusses the power and energy of water and then describes the large hydropower plants, the types and size of turbines, and other critical performance parameters. Micro hydroelectric plants are discussed next as well as the cost of hydroelectric power. The chapter en...

This chapter explores the basics of power, energy, their units, fossil fuels vs. renewable energy, and provides a short introduction to the various renewable energy technologies available today. The chapter concludes with a case study on some nations that have achieved or are very close to achieving a 100% renewable energy-powered energy profile, w...

This chapter explains the origins of solar energy and explains the connection between the temperature of the sun and the radiation wavelength. Different systems for harnessing solar thermal energy, such as active and passive solar systems, as well as concentrated systems are discussed. Two case studies are presented.

The chapter describes the origins of wind and global patterns, the energy and power from wind, elements of wind turbines, and their types, properties, and components. The environmental impacts of wind turbines, such as noise and impact on birds, are discussed as well. A case study is provided.

This chapter deals with the economic analyses of various renewable energy technologies and presents a gradual decline in the costs of renewables over the years. The chapter introduces some basic concepts required to attain an overall idea about the financial breakdown of renewable energy projects. Solar and wind power are given attention in this ch...

The chapter discusses energy storage devices used in combination with renewable energy systems. The description includes a brief overview of the available energy storage methods and their general classification. It then covers the most important devices such as batteries and fuel cells. A case study is presented.

This chapter presents the analysis of grid integration of renewable energy and discusses the equipment needed for successful grid integration of RE. The communication and control processes are also be discussed, along with a brief overview of grid modernization using renewables. The chapter ends with a case study.

This chapter aims to unify all the different types of RESs in a comparative picture that helps readers visualize the contrast among the different RESs. The chapter gives a detailed comparison of seven types of RESs based on several criteria. The chapter ends with a case study.

The proposed research study aims to improve the productivity of solar still (SS) by using low-cost and eco-friendly materials. The aforementioned objective was achieved by enhancing the evaporation rate of seawater in the absorber basin and the condensation rate over the glass cover of the solar still. In this study, the low-cost and eco-friendly m...

Accurate and robust whole heart substructure segmentation is crucial in developing clinical applications, such as computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided surgery. However, the segmentation of different heart substructures is challenging because of inadequate edge or boundary information, the complexity of the background and texture, and the div...

Many algorithms use clustering to improve vehicular ad hoc network performance. The expected points of many of these approaches support multiple rounds of data to the roadside unit and constantly include clustering in every round of single-hop data transmission towards the road side unit; however, the clustering in every round maximizes the number...

The Energy Internet paradigm is the evolution of the Internet of Things concept in the power system. Microgrids (MGs), as the essential element in an Energy Internet, are expected to be controlled in a corporative and flexible manner. This paper proposes a novel decentralized robust control strategy for multi-agent systems (MASs) governed MGs in fu...

The study of this work is to highlight the key metrics of various topologies in terms of output power, Fill Factor (FF), Mismatch Losses (ML) and efficiency. The idea behind this work is to analyze and obtain the performance of different topologies under various shading patterns. The major problem which comes across the path of Photovoltaic (PV) sy...

This paper deals with a discrete-time stochastic control model design for random failure prone and maintenance in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. This model includes the practical values of failure/repair rate of transmission lines and transformers. The probability matrix is, therefore, calculated accordingly. The model considers two e...

Graphs and charts are undoubtedly the most highly used features in MS Excel. There are numerous types of graphing and charting in Excel, which are illustrated in this chapter. Here, an in-depth demonstration has been provided for line chart, column chart, pie chart, gauge chart, bar chart, area chart, scatter chart, a combination of several charts,...

This chapter aims to convey the rudimentary concepts of MS Excel for beginners. The chapter begins with the background of MS Excel, which includes the history, purpose, and importance of MS Excel. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of Excel is elaborately described with the definition of every symbol on the interface. Worksheets and workbooks are a...

This chapter focuses on the uses of MS Excel in handling engineering data. However, these uses are multidimensional and very versatile, which helps to extend the use of these functions in numerous fields. The chapter opens with the concepts of file management in Excel, which includes importing files to Excel and exporting files from Excel. Numerica...

There are many functions and formulae that can be used to make tasks simpler in MS Excel. This chapter introduces Excel functions and formulae and explains their usage. The basic Excel functions, such as Logical functions and Date and Time functions, are described in this chapter. Next, some applications of Excel functions in electrical engineering...

This chapter introduces the concept of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in MS Excel. VBA is a programming language used in MS Excel to create user-defined functions adapting to the specific needs of the user. This chapter introduces Excel VBA and describes the VBA interface in a concise but clear manner. The chapter also explains the concept of...

Major electrical gadgets are moving towards energy-efficient designs. Ceiling Fans are one of the prime focuses of such electrical gadgets. This paper discusses and reviews about the past, present and future scenarios of the ceiling fans. The review includes different electric motors used in this application with its electromagnetic designs, contro...

The rise in power shutdowns triggered by severe weather due to deteriorating climate change has expedited the research in enhancing community resilience. Several researchers and policy-makers have contributed to the characterization and parameterization of energy resilience and reliability in particular, which requires accumulated and coordinated s...

An organic solar cell (OSC), competitive with traditional one (Si-based), draws attention to future renewable energy sources due to its low-cost and continually rising efficiency. The tandem or multijunction structure undoubtedly offers an efficient way to boost the performance of OSCs. This work has explored the optical modeling of different organ...

In this study, a new technique is proposed to forecast short-term electrical load. Load forecasting is an integral part of power system planning and operation. Precise forecasting of load is essential for unit commitment, capacity planning, network augmentation and demand side management. Load forecasting can be generally categorized into three cla...

Power electronics devices are made from semiconductor switches such as thyristors, MOSFETs, and diodes, along with passive elements of inductors, capacitors, and resistors, and integrated circuits. They are heavily used in power processing for applications in computing, communication, medical electronics, appliance control, and as converters in hig...

Accurate and robust whole heart substructure segmentation is crucial in developing clinical applications, such as computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided surgery. However, segmentation of different heart substructures is challenging because of inadequate edge or boundary information, the complexity of the background and texture, and the diversi...

Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV pe...

Double-stator switched reluctance motors (DSSRMs) with single-tooth winding topology possesses high torque density when compared to conventional switched reluctance motors (SRMs). However, their inherent high torque ripple is still an issue for industrial applications. In SRMs, the torque shared by the outgoing phase reduces significantly in the co...

The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic prevails as an ultimatum to the global economic growth and henceforth, all of society since neither a curing drug nor a preventing vaccine is discovered. The spread of COVID-19 is increasing day by day, imposing human lives and economy at risk. Due to the increased enormity of the number of COVID-19 cas...

Information technology expressively improves remote electricity measurement and monitoring. Integrating Dynamic Thermal Current Rating (DTCR) software packs with the exclusive phasor measurement-based Wide Area Measurement (WAM) framework, the remote Transmission Lines (TLs) current rating can be measured. WAM is used for data acquisition from diff...

The Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) helps several applications that require power control and low cost to achieve long life. The progress of IIoT communications, mainly based on cognitive radio (CR), has been guided to the robust network connectivity. The low power communication is achieved for IIoT sensors applying the Low Power Wide Area Net...

Excel Crash Course for Engineers is a reader-friendly introductory guide to the features, functions, and applications of Microsoft Excel in engineering. The book provides readers with real-world examples and exercises that are directly related to engineering, and offers highly illustrated, step-by-step demonstrations of techniques to solve and visu...

This book is a concise reader-friendly introductory guide to understanding renewable energy technologies. By using simplified classroom-tested methods developed while teaching the subject to engineering students, the authors explain in simple language an otherwise complex subject in terms that enable readers to gain a rapid understanding of renewab...

This paper presents a single LC tank base cell-to-cell active voltage balancing algorithm for Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle (EV) applications. EV batteries face challenges in accomplishing fast balancing and high balancing efficiency with low circuit and control complexity. It addresses that LC resonant tank uses an energy carrier to transfe...

Load forecasting is a vital part of smart grids for predicting the required electrical power using artificial intelligence (AI). Deep learning is broadly used for load forecasting in the smart grid using the artificial neural network (ANN). Generally, computing the deep learning in the smart grid requires massive data aggregation or centralization...

In this paper, we have presented the noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose concentration that was performed by using the smartphones camera, different lighting sources, and the near infra-spectroscopy used by transmission photoplethysmography (PPG). The system implementation was associated with getting the PPG signal at the near infra wavelengths...

Series-series compensated inductive power transfer (SSIPT) systems have been widely studied and characterized for constant resistance loads (CRLs) and constant voltage loads (CVLs), but much less so for constant power loads (CPLs), although CPLs have numerous applications. In this work, we address some of the fundamental knowledge gaps for SSIPT/CP...

The proposed work focuses on the power enhancement of grid-connected solar photovoltaic and wind energy (PV-WE) system integrated with an energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs). The research works available in the literature emphasize only on PV, PV-ESS, WE, and WE-ESS. The enhancement techniques such as Unified Power Flow Controll...

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) discerns the individual electrical appliances of a residential or commercial building by disaggregating the accumulated energy consumption data without accessing to the individual components applying a single-point sensor. The fundamental concept is to decompose the aggregate load into a family of appliances tha...

This paper presents a finite control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) based technique to reduce the switching loss and frequency of the on-grid PV inverter by incorporating a switching frequency term in the cost function of the model predictive control (MPC). In the proposed MPC, the control objectives (current and switching frequency) select...

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of various tiny devices known as sensor nodes, which are also called motes. Due to high-energy consumption, the possibility of hardware, link or node failure, and some malicious attacks, sensor networks are considered error-prone networks. Hence, fault tolerance (FT) in WSN is one of the prominent iss...

With the proliferation of renewables and energy storage, inverters and converters are being updated to outperform their antecedents in every possible aspect for numerous applications in fields and industries. The proposed research involves the design and implementation of improved three interface converter, and B4-Inverter fed brushless direct elec...

Load forecasting is a pivotal part of the power utility companies. To provide load-shedding free and uninterrupted power to the consumer, decision-makers in the utility sector must forecast the future demand for electricity with a minimum amount of error percentage. Load prediction with less percentage of error can save millions of dollars to the u...

Driven by global concerns about the climate and the environment, the world is opting for renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar. However, RESs suffer from the discredit of intermittency, for which energy storage systems (ESSs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Surplus energy obtained from RESs can be stored in several ways, and lat...

Technology Readiness Level and Manufacturing Readiness Level evaluation methodologies have been applied for a long time by the aerospace and defense industries to systematically determine the state of readiness for their products and processes. These tools have been proven to be extremely valuable not only in assessing the stages of product develop...

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) acts as a communication mechanism using brain signals to control external devices. The generation of such signals is sometimes independent of the nervous system, such as in Passive BCI. This is majorly beneficial for those who have severe motor disabilities. Traditional BCI systems have been dependent only on brain...

Blockchain technology is found to have its applicability in almost every domain because of its advantages such as crypto-security, transparency, immutability, decentralized data network. In present times, a smart healthcare system with a blockchain data network and healthcare 4.0 processes provides transparency, easy and faster accessibility, secur...

One of the most significant issues arising from the intermittency of renewable sources is the discrepancy between the hours of peak generation and hours of peak load. This issue complicates the process of supply and demand balancing because the electrical energy generated by photovoltaic arrays cannot be directly stored. Energy storage systems prov...

Renewable energy sources are replacing other energy sources to minimize the cost of due to the conventional sources of energy. Solar and wind are readily available sources which will minimize the cost of electricity if implemented properly. Considering the weather and other relevant advantages, solar energy is a favorable option for a particular si...

Over the past few years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or drones have been used for many applications. In certain applications like surveillance and emergency rescue operations, multiple drones work as a network to achieve the target in which any one of the drones will act as the master or coordinator to communicate, monitor, and control other dro...

Renewable energy sources are becoming a popular choice of energy, due to their sundry advantages and more convenient environmental impacts. Wind certainly emerges as one of the most plausible energy sources in modern power generation. However, large-scale wind energy is associated with fluctuations in voltage and power due to its intermittent natur...