Ekachai Chukeatirote

• Mae Fah Luang University

The evolution of a species can be understood in the context of two major concepts—the cryptic species concept and the phenotypic noise concept. The former represents morphologically indistinguishable but genetically distinct evolutionary lineages, while the latter represents the phenotypic variations of an isogenic population. Although the concept...

Salmonella is one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens. Endemic events involving Salmonella now occur more frequently and must be handled efficiently and quickly. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) cost and speed have improved significantly during the past decades, with the number of bioinformatics tools based on WGS data also increasing. This rese...

This study is based on three terrestrial saprobic fungi associated with Aquilaria in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in China. All isolated species matched with generic concepts of Melomastia. Detailed morphological characteristics and combined multigene phylogeny of LSU, SSU, and TEF revealed that the new isolates represent two new species (Melomas...

Agarwood, a highly valued, fragrant, dark, resinous heartwood, commands an estimated market value of over US $200 million. With the increasing market demand for agarwood, artificial induction methods have been a subject of study. Fungal induction is one of the methods that can effectively induce agarwood formation and is eco friendly to the environ...

Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora sp. nov., is described, illustrated and compared with other Rhamphoriopsis species. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and molecular data analyses. Rhamphoriopsis hyalospora can be distinguished from other Rhamphoriopsis species by its caespitose conidiophores closely packed together but n...

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, the use of resistant rice varieties would be the most effective way to control this disease. Based on disease evaluation, upland rice varieties were classified into two groups: resistant (35%) and moderately resis...

The infection of bacteriophage is of great concern in food industry as this can result in complete fermentation failure. In this study, a virulent bacteriophage, named BasuTN3, was isolated from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean. The stability of BasuTN3 was evaluated under various ranges of temperature, pH, chloroform, UV, and disinfectants. The...

Rice blast is the most devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) causing yield losses worldwide. It had been shown that partially resistant rice varieties are a useful way to control rice blast disease. Landraces are a rich source of traits governing resistance/ tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, 94 upland rice varieties were...

Bacillus cereus is considered to be an important food poisoning agent causing diarrhea and vomiting. In this study, the occurrence of B. cereus bacteriophages in Thai fermented soybean products (Thua Nao) was studied using five B. cereus sensu lato indicator strains (four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain). In a total of 26 Thua Nao...

Background Low-coverage sequencing is a cost-effective way to obtain reads spanning an entire genome. However, read depth at each locus is low, making sequencing error difficult to separate from actual variation. Prior to variant calling, sequencer reads are aligned to a reference genome, with alignments stored in Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) files...

Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is precious genetic resource containing some valuable alleles not common in modern germplasm. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of 98 upland rice varieties from northern part of Thailand were examined using nine simple sequence repeat markers. Number of alleles detected by the above primers was...

This study was conducted to determine the incidence, diversity and distribution of viruses infecting pepper ( Capsicum spp.) in the central, northern and northeastern parts of Thailand. During a survey in 2016 - 2019, a total of 2,149 leaf samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic peppers were collected randomly from farmer’s fields, and preliminar...

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous and have been reported to have been found in many food products. Their presence is important as they have the ability to interact with their bacterial host in food matrices. Fermented soybean products, one of the most widely consumed ethnic foods among Asian people, are prepared naturally and include Japanese Natto, In...

Rhizobacteria capable of inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae were screened. In total, 890 rhizobacterial strains were isolated and initially screened for their antagonistic activity using a dual culture test, resulting in 149 isolates being able to inhibit the fungal growth. The antagonistic activity was then rechecked using the culture supernatant...

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of bacteriophage P22 on the inhibition of growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. The P22 belongs to Podoviridae family consisting of a hexagonal head and short tail. The inhibitory effect of phage in milk was noticeable at the early storage period, showing more than 3 log reduction at 4 h and day 3. The pH...

In this study, bacterial biocontrol agents against the phytopathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae were screened from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product. A total of 170 bacterial strains were isolated and initially screened for their antagonistic activity by dual culture test. Of these, 39 isolates were able to inhibit the fungal growth showing...

Endophytic fungi (EF) colonize plant tissues without causing damage; this relationship brings benefits to both, including a greater resistance to environmental stresses, but the influence of genotypes and culture system in endophytic community is still unraveled. Thus, this work aimed to study EF from Sorghum bicolor and correlate to its genotypes...

Marinophialophora garethjonesii sp. nov., representing a novel genus Marinophialophora gen. nov., associated with the basidiomycete fungus, Halocyphina on mangrove wood from Phetchaburi, Thailand, is described and illustrated. Marinophialophora morphologically resembles Phialophora and Junctospora (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) in having ma...

Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product, is widely used as a condiment in many northern food. Although it is generally known that Bacillus species are predominant and thus play a key role during the soybean fermentation, information regarding other microbial population is limited. Besides, Thua Nao has currently been produced traditionally (i.e....

Macrolepiota is a genus of white spored, gilled mushroom of the family Agaricaceae which are widely distributed in tropical and temperate countries. In this study, five wild edible Macrolepiota species were collected from Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai provinces during the rainy season of 2013-2014. All species were characterized up to species level con...

Fermented soybeans are traditional foods widely consumed in many countries (i.e., Natto in Japan, Jang in Korea, Kinema in India, Douichi in China, and Thua Nao in Thailand). In this study, an attempt was made with an expectation to improve the fermentation process using a co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizopus oligosporus. Initially, the raw...

Agaricus subrufescens (almond mushroom) was first collected in America, but has been cultivated worldwide due to its medicinal properties. The potential health promoting benefits of A. subrufescens have been emphasized in several reports and include tumor growth reduction, antimicrobial, immunostimulatory and anti-allergy effects. A unique class of...

Four new species and two new host records of Torula (Torulaceae, Pleosporales) are described and illustrated from herbaceous litter collected in Italy and Thailand. The new species possess colony, conidiophore and conidial characteristics that fit within the generic concept of Torula. Detailed morphological observations clearly demarcate four of th...

The Dothideomycetes represent the largest fungal class of Ascomycota. It is an ubiquitous class of fungi whose members span a wide spectrum of lifestyles and host interactions. The endophytic fungus Phyllosticta is one members of the Dothideomycetes, causing disease in economic crops. Phyllosticta was screened for the degradation of lignocellulosic...

Lepista sordida is an edible and medicinal mushroom, but until now it had to be collected from the wild. The present study is the first report of the successful cultivation of a wild strain of L. sordida from Thailand. The morphological description and molecular examination of the fungus are included, in order to confirm the identification of the s...

Zygosporium species are widespread on hosts and usually associated with monocotyledonous plants including Arecaceae (palms) and Pandanaceae. Zygosporium forms colonies as darkened spots on the host surface. This study recovers two Zygosporium species from China and Thailand and makes an attempt to clarify the systematic placement of Zygosporium bas...

Background Bacteria treated with different classes of antibiotics exhibit changes in susceptibility to successive antibiotic treatments. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of sequential antibiotic treatments on the development of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with β-lactamase and efflux pump activities. Me...

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial property of three different partitioned extracts (petroleum ether, ethanol and water) prepared from some fungal mycelia. Methods: Seven fungal mycelia were prepared, initially extracted with acidified ethanol (0.2 mol/L HCl in 80% ethanol), yielding the raw crude extracts. The obtained extracts were...

The wild edible mushroom Macrolepiota dolichaula is widely consumed in China, India and northern Thailand as seasonal delicacies. Optimal cultural conditions, spawn production, cultivation parameters in compost and an outdoor method for inoculating spawn of M. dolichaula in orchard soils were investigated. Among the nine media tested, the optimum m...

Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated, including one new family, Occultibambusaceae, three new genera, Neoanthostomella, Occultibambusa and Seriascoma, 27 new species, one renamed species and 15 re-described or re-illustrated species, and four designated reference specimens are treated in this paper, the majority of which are s...

Macrolepiota dolichaula, an edible white spored gilled mushroom, is widely distributed in tropical and temperate countries. In this study, nutritional quality of M. dolichaula strain MFLUCC-13-0579 cultivated in compost was investigated. Proximate analysis of dry weight of M. dolichaula showed a composition of 25.53% protein, 44.37% carbohydrate, 1...

T otal of 117 bacterial strains were isolated from terasi samples and 69% of isolates (71) could perform distinctive proteolytic activity that related to the ability to produce protease enzymes. Their proteolytic activity was further tested using spot incubation technique. Strain S4-5 has shown the highest activity then was selected for further tes...

In this study, two bacilli strains, namely TN51 and TN69, previously isolated from Thua Nao, a Thai traditional fermented soybean, were studied in terms of their phenotypic and biochemical properties. Initially, both strains were subjected to morphological determination and a series of biochemical tests. Both were Gram-positive, endosporeforming ba...

Bacillus sp. strain S1-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with 16s rRNA gene (Accession number: JX441363). The strain S1-13 was expressed and secreted alkaline serine protease (called ASP1-13) when growth in nutrient broth containing with 1% skim milk. ASP1-13 was partial purified with a specific activity of 1,324 U/mg and 2% yield. Th...

A bacterial strain S1-13 was screened and isolated from Terasi, a traditional fermented seafood product of Indonesia. This isolate, producing an extracellular protease with high activity when culturing on casein agar, was studied in terms of their phenotypic and genotypic properties including morphology, biochemical profiles, and rRNA gene sequence...

This publication provides an updated checklist of fungi on teak. This is a compilation of information on substrate and locality from where fungi have been recorded on teak, or original descriptions available. In total, 152 species with 34 hitherto unidentified species are listed here on teak, from 39 countries. The fungi recorded from teak are dist...

In this study, two bacilli strains namely S2-3 and S4-5, isolated from Terasi, a traditional fermented seafood product of Indonesia, were studied in terms of their phenotypic and genotypic properties. Both strains are of great interests due to their high proteolytic activity. Initially, they were subjected to morphological determination and a serie...

Tectona grandis (teak) is one of the most important economic timbers worldwide. Limited studies exist on the potential pathogens of these trees. Fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae are cosmopolitan opportunistic pathogens, endophytes and saprobes of numerous hosts. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic branch and stem sections, as well as leaves were colle...

In this paper we introduce a new genus Pseudosplanchnonema with P. phorcioides comb. nov., isolated from dead branches of Acer campestre and Morus species. The new genus is confirmed based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined LSU and SSU sequence data showed that P. phorcioides formed a d...

Thuanao is a traditionally fermented food in Thailand. It is manufactured by fermenting cooked soybeans with naturally occurring microbes. There are also similar products including natto in Japan, kinema in India, and chongkukjang in Korea. In Thailand, thua nao is widely consumed, especially by people in the northern part. The product is generally...

Macrolepiota dolichaula, an edible white spored gilled mushroom, is widely distributed in tropical and temperate countries. In this study, nutritional quality of M. dolichaula strain MFLUCC-13-0579 cultivated in compost was investigated. Proximate analysis of dry weight of M. dolichaula showed a composition of 25.53% protein, 44.37% carbohydrate, 1...

Agaricus is a genus of saprobic Basidiomycetes including species of nutritional and medicinal interest. Historically the temperate species have been grouped into eight classical sections. Recent phylogenetic analyses however, revealed that two-thirds of the tropical taxa do not cluster in these sections, but form exclusively tropical clades. Seven...

The Botryosphaeriaceae represents an important, cosmopolitan family of pathogens infecting woody plants. Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) suspected of being affected by Botryosphaeria dieback were collected from different Provinces of China and several Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified. This research was conducted to further study the species o...

A botryosphaeriaceous taxon causing fruit pedun-cle and pedicel discolouration was found infecting grapevines in Hubei and Jiangsu Provinces in China. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed the taxon to be Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. Pathogenicity testing and Koch's postulates proved that Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae caused fruit pedu...

Trunk diseases in grapevine (Vitis spp.) are major problems in the wine and table-grape industries reducing the productivity, quality and longevity of vineyards. Species of Diaporthe are important fungal pathogens of grapevine trunk disease worldwide. A survey of 14 grape vineyards located in different provinces of China was yielded Diaporthe isola...

The family Pleosporaceae includes numerous saprobic, opportunistic human, and plant pathogenic taxa. The classification of genera and species Pleosporaceae has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference strains. Recent tr...

A new ascomycetous species, Neokalmusia didymospora, inhabiting decaying bamboo, is introduced based on morpho-molecular studies. Neokalmusia didymospora is characterized by orange to brown clypeus, immersed, subglobose ascomata, bitunicate, cylindrical asci and 1-septate, brown ascospores. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined ITS,...

Agaricus is a genus of saprobic basidiomycetes including species of nutritional and medicinal interest. Historically the temperate species have been grouped into eight classical sections. Recent phylogenetic analyses however, revealed that two-thirds of the tropical taxa do not cluster in these sections, but form exclusively tropical clades. Seven...

Agaricus is a genus of saprobic basidiomycetes including species of nutritional and medicinal interest. Historically the temperate species have been grouped into eight classical sections. Recent phylogenetic analyses however, revealed that two-thirds of the tropical taxa do not cluster in these sections, but form exclusively tropical clades. Seven...

Phyllosticta fungi are widely distributed and appear to have different lifestyles. Although some Phyllosticta species are known to cause plant diseases, others are useful due to their bioactive metabolites. In this study, we screened and isolated the Phyllosticta fungi from several plant specimens. In total, 67 Phyllosticta isolates were identified...

The Dothideomycetes include several genera whose ascomata can be considered as apothecia and thus would be grouped as discomycetes. Most genera are grouped in the family Patellariaceae, but also Agrynnaceae and other families. The Hysteriales include genera having hysterioid ascomata and can be confused with species in Patellariaceae with discoid a...

Vamsapriyacomprises two species from bamboo and is characterized by erect, rigid, dark brown, synnematous conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells and brown to dark brown, septate, conidia in chains. Vamsapriya indica, the generic type of Vamsapriya, was recollected and isolated from bamboo culms in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand and is describ...

Macrolepiota detersa is an edible saprobic basidiomycota, known to grow solitary to scattered on decayed litter layers. This mushroom produces a relatively large striking basidiomata containing light brown detachable squamules on the white pileal background. In this study, M. detersa MFLUCC 13-0901 and SIMA 13266, isolated from Chiang Rai, Thailand...

Human gut microbiota are diverse and different among individuals. It has been reported that composition of gut microbiota related to the host physiological conditions and diseases such as obesity, diabetes.Therefore, our study aimed to characterize the composition of gut microbiota including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobact...

Phytopathogenic species of Diaporthe are associated with a number of soybean diseases including seed decay, pod and stem blight and stem canker and lead to considerable crop production losses worldwide. Accurate morphological identification of the species that cause these diseases has been difficult. In this study, we determined the phylogenetic re...

The genus Bipolaris includes important plant pathogens with worldwide distribution. Species recognition in the genus has been uncertain due to the lack of molecular data from ex-type cultures as well as overlapping morphological characteristics. In this study, we revise the genus Bipolaris based on DNA sequence data derived from living cultures of...

More than 1,000 species of bambusicolous fungi have been reported worldwide, although most lack modern morphological description and phylogenetic investigation. Two species of bambusicolous fungi were collected in northern Thailand. Based on morphological characters, and on a comparison with type specimens, they were determined to be Pteridiospora...

Laetiporus sulphureus is an edible wood-rotting basidiomycete, growing on decaying logs, stumps, and trunks of many deciduous and coniferous tree species. This fungus produces relatively large striking yellowish or orange-coloured bracket-like fruitbodies. L. sulphureus is widely consumed as a nutritional food because of its fragrance and texture....

The type specimens or representative specimens of the potentially dothidealean generaBagnisiella,Botryochora, Coccostromella, Columnosphaeria, Delphinella, Dictyodothis, Discosphaerina, Dothidea, Dothiora, Endodothiora, Jaffuela, Mycoporis, Omphalospora, Pachysacca, Plowrightia, accothecium, Stylodothis, SydowiaandYoshinagaiawere examined while, fr...

This is the seventh of a series of papers in which we report on re-examination of herbarium types of Dothideomycetes genera, incertae sedis. By examining and re-describing the generic types which are not previously illustrated or are poorly described, we attempt to propose their familial and higher placement according to the morphology based on mod...

Roussoella and Roussoellopsis species are mostly known from monocotyledons (large grasses, bamboo and palms). Detailed phylogenies for this group are lacking and thus their family placement and relationships with other genera are unclear. Fresh collections of several Roussoella-like species, including the type species Roussoella nitidula were made...

The ascomycetous families, Didymosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae, have been treated in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, and both include saprobes, endophytes and pathogens associated with a wide variety of substrates worldwide. Didymosphaeriaceae was characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the...

As part of our efforts to study the saprobic mushrooms in Asia we have collected numerous taxa of the genus Agaricus in northern Thailand. It is likely that more than 40 new species occur in this region and many are potentially edible or medicinal. A recent phylogenetic study revealed that most species of this region belong to exclusively tropical...

Tropical regions have the potential to be one of the richest sources of cultivatable fungal species. Even though there has been considerable research on the taxonomy and phylogeny of these mushrooms, there has been far less research on their domestication. The purpose of this paper is to review and detail the methods we have used for the discovery...

Laetiporus sulphureus, a member of the fungal class Aphyllophorales (Polypores) of the Basidiomycota, is widely distributed in tropical countries. In this article, chemical composition and nutritional quality of the Thai L. sulphureus mushroom were investigated. Protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate concentrations were 6.91, 1.70, 6.43, and 71...

A new species Homortomyces tamaricis is introduced from Cervia, Italy. It is distinct from H. combreti, the type species of this monotypic genus, in having smaller conidia, smaller paraphyses and shorter supporting cells. Morphologically Homortomycesis similar to Stilbospora, which groups in Diaporthales incertae sedisin maximum-likelihood analysis...

Pseudorobillarda is a coelomycete genus of Dothideomycetes with appendaged conidia and 15 species epithets. In this study, we isolated four strains of Pseudorobillarda from dead leaves in Thailand. DNA sequence data generated from the large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA (nuLSU) gene was used in phylogenetic studies. The phylogenetic trees generated i...

Didymosphaeriaceae is a ubiquitous fungal family that is reported to include saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. The family is characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci. In recent treatments Appendispora, Didymosphaeria, Roussoella...

By re-examining the generic types of Dothideomycetes genera, incertae sedis we can propose higher level positions according to the morphology based on modern taxonomic concepts but, more importantly, we illustrate the taxa so that they are better understood. In this way the taxa can be recollected and molecular data can be used to place them in a n...

The type specimens of Dolabra, Placostromella, Pleosphaerellula, Polysporidiella and Pseudotrichia were re-examined in order to suggest their familial and higher placement according to the morphology based on modern taxonomic concepts. An overview of the history and descriptions and illustrations of these genera are provided. Based on morphological...

The family Trichopeltinaceae is poorly known. This is due to an unclear history, few modern morphological studies and lack of sequence data in GenBank. The family was introduced in 1914 as Trichopeltaceae to accommodate the subfamilies Trichopeltinae and Brefeldiineae. In 1958 the spelling of the family was corrected to Trichopeltinaceae, as it was...

We re-examine the generic types of genera with unclear placement in Dothideomycetes. These genera were hitherto poorly illustrated or described. Following examination their appropriate familial or ordinal level placements based on modern morphology concepts may be better understood. The generic types of Muellerites, Trematosphaeriopsis, Vizellopsis...

The family Englerulaceae presently includes seven genera that produce brown to dark-brown colonies on living leaves. Ascomata are superficial and scattered on the colonies and lack ostioles. Asci are 2-8-spored, bitunicate, ovate to globose and ascospores are multi-seriate, oblong to ellipsoid, brown, and smooth-walled with a single septum. This pa...

Tectona grandis (teak) is an increasingly important timber resource globally. It is native to Asia, including Thailand. In this paper a new species of Barriopsis, B. tectonae sp. nov., is described from a dead T. grandis branch collected in Thailand. Barriopsis tectonae can be differentiated from the two previously described species of Barriopsis;...

A sexual state of Setophoma, a coelomycete genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae, was found causing leaf spots of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Pure cultures from single ascospores produced the asexual morph on rice straw and bamboo pieces on water agar. Multiple gene phylogenetic analysis using ITS, LSU and RPB2 showed that our strains belong to the fam...

Macrodiplodiopsis desmazieri, the type species of Macrodiplodiopsis, was collected from Italy, and morpho-molecular studies were carried out. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum-likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian) using combined data set of LSU, SSU and EF1-α sequences showed our strain to group in Lophiostomataceae (Pleosporales) with Misturato...

The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic, endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions. Cryptic diversification, phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicated accurate identifications of species in this genus. The delimitation of the generic type species Diaporthe eres has been uncerta...

Pleosporales is considered to be the largest order in the Dothideomycetes, consisting a quarter of all dothideomycetous species. Species in this order occur in various habitats, and can be epiphytes, endophytes or parasites of living leaves or stems, hyperparasites on fungi or insects, lichenized, or are saprobes of dead plant stems, leaves or bark...

Five asexually reproducing basidiomycetous fungi, isolated from northern and southern provinces of Thailand, characterized by slimy, setulate conidia in creamy white pycnidia and classified in the genus Chaetospermum, are studied in detail. Two species, C. camelliae and C. artocarpi, are redescribed and epitypified. A phylogenetic tree based on 28S...