Efraín García-Sánchez- PhD
- Stanford University
Efraín García-Sánchez
- PhD
- Stanford University
About
88
Publications
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Introduction
Efraín García-Sánchez currently works at the Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada. Efraín does research in Social Psychology, Organizational Psychology and Community Psychology. Their current projects are 'Perceptions and legitimacy of economic inequality' and 'Psychosocial aspects of work as an economic-productive activity.'
Current institution
Additional affiliations
March 2024 - March 2024
January 2015 - July 2019
Publications
Publications (88)
Low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals vote for left-wing parties on economic grounds and right-wing parties on cultural grounds, while high SES individuals exhibit the opposite pattern. Various psychological mechanisms may explain this pattern. Using data from 9 European countries ( n = 8,750), we quantified the mediating role of economic syst...
People may perceive economic inequality through moral lens, focusing on the unfair distribution of resources, or as a threat to their personal and social environment. This research examines how justice- and threat-based concerns shape reactions to economic inequality. In Study 1 (N=358), we identify elements of inequality perceived as unjust or thr...
Perceiving income disparities has a limited impact on attitudes towards reducing economic inequality. In this research, we proposed a novel and alternative strategy by focusing on other aspects intrinsically related to economic inequality, such as unequal access to health and education resources. We investigated whether recognizing inequality in he...
People often justify income disparities. But what if these disparities create inequality in access to health care or higher education? Across four studies, we aimed to investigate whether perceiving income inequality overlap with health and education could lead to lesser acceptance of economic inequality and greater support for actions to reduce it...
Purpose: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a public health and social responsibility issue affecting women worldwide. The role of society is essential to help victims to get out of the violent relationship and reduce their risk of revictimization. In this regard, the social response to IPVAW depends to some extent on public beliefs...
Background
Internal displacement, where individuals are forced to flee their homes but remain within their country of origin, is a significant issue in conflict-affected countries like Colombia. Internally displaced (ID) adolescents experience disrupted living conditions, ongoing conflict exposure, and elevated rates of post-traumatic stress disord...
Collective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective effo...
Perceived economic inequality is positively associated with public support for policies to reduce it. However, providing information about economic inequality does not necessarily motivate people to support redistributive policies. This inconsistency may be due to how people interpret the information about inequality. We argue that the interpretati...
El envejecimiento de la fuerza de trabajo debido a los cambios sociodemográficos globales plantea un conjunto de retos y de oportunidades cuya gestión es compleja y cuyos resultados pueden traer consigo consecuencias muy diversas para las personas y para las organizaciones. En los últimos años se ha promovido una serie variada de políticas y prácti...
Perceptions of gender inequality may motivate people to take action against inequality given its negative impact on various domains of people’s everyday lives. Thus, it is crucial to develop reliable measures that consider the multidimensional nature of gender inequalities. In this research, we propose and assess the psychometric properties of the...
Economic threats, along with political identities and ideologies, are associated with affective polarization. However, there is still a need to learn more about the consequences of different economic threats and identities fueling polarization. We take a longitudinal perspective in testing the influence of these phenomena on affective polarization....
The relationship between economic inequality and subjective well-being has produced mixed results in the literature. Conflicting evidence may be due to overlooking the role of psychosocial processes that translate socioeconomic conditions into subjective evaluations. We argue that perceiving high economic inequality erodes social capital, undermini...
Attitudes towards economic inequality are crucial to uphold structural economic inequality in democratic societies. Previous research has shown that socioeconomic status, political ideology, and the objective level of economic inequality associated with individuals' attitudes towards economic inequality. However, some have suggested that people are...
Research has produced mixed results on the relationship between economic inequality and social and political trust. These studies overrepresent developed countries, cross-sectional designs, and overlook the role of subjective evaluations of inequality. We use 13 waves from 18 Latin American countries over 23 years (above 250,000 participants) to ex...
Introduction:
Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective...
Estudio de caso sobre condiciones de trabajo y bienestar laboral de profesores(as) mayores y menores de 50 años, valorando si existen diferencias por grupos de edad en una universidad pública colombiana. se enmarcó en el proyecto macro internacional Working under new public management, tomando como referencia las escalas de condiciones de trabajo y...
El método en su sentido etimológico de camino para llegar a la meta, y la metodología como el estudio de ese o esos caminos posibles se mantiene como una de las dimensiones claves en la investigación científica y en las formas específicas de producción de conocimiento valido o validado por grupos o comunidades académicas, científicas o decisorias e...
El método en su sentido etimológico de camino para llegar a la meta, y la metodología como el estudio de ese o esos caminos posibles se mantiene como una de las dimensiones claves en la investigación científica y en las formas específicas de producción de conocimiento valido o validado por grupos o comunidades académicas, científicas o decisorias e...
El método en su sentido etimológico de camino para llegar a la meta, y la metodología como el estudio de ese o esos caminos posibles se mantiene como una de las dimensiones claves en la investigación científica y en las formas específicas de producción de conocimiento valido o validado por grupos o comunidades académicas, científicas o decisorias e...
This article examines the effect of left-right political ideology on attitudes toward inequality and the maintenance of the status quo in Colombia. In three studies, we examined the influence of political orientation on attitudes toward economic inequality (Study 1, N = 506), gender inequality (Study 2, N = 277), and political inequality (Study 3,...
We investigate the extent that political identity, political belief content (i.e., attitude stances), and political belief system structure (i.e., relations among attitudes) differences are associated with affective polarization (i.e., viewing ingroup partisans positively and outgroup partisans negatively) in two multinational, cross-sectional stud...
Introduction
Stereotypes have traditionally been considered as “mental pictures” of a particular social group. The current research aims to draw the structure of gender stereotypes and metastereotype schemes as complex systems of stereotypical features. Therefore, we analyze gender stereotypes as networks of interconnected characteristics.
Method...
The aim of this research is to describe the pattern of interactions of Brazilian legislators on Twitter during 2019 in the construction of political discourses. Based on 20,076 replies during 2019, posted on Twitter by 514 Brazilian legislators, we conducted descriptive analysis of legislators’ Twitter profiles, social network analyses from their i...
Perceptions of economic inequality (PEI) play a central role in people’s responses to inequality. We aim to examine the consistency between different PEI measures (income gaps, diagrammatic figures, experienced downward and upward disparities), their relationship with objective inequality, and their association with redistributive preferences. Usin...
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflec...
Este artículo examina la interacción entre el estatus socioeconómico y las creencias que justifican la desigualdad en lo relativo al apoyo a la redistribución. Utilizando datos de una encuesta de São Paulo (Brasil) (N=928), encontramos que el apoyo a la redistribución estuvo negativamente asociado con el estatus socioeconómico subjetivo; pero estuv...
Book chapter to be published in "Social Unrest in Latin America".
Un gran debate contemporáneo relacionado con los encargos sociales de la educación superior abarca cuestiones como la pertinencia, legitimidad y capacidad de las universidades para identificar las necesidades de los mercados de trabajo y promover la formación de personas capaces de responder a las mismas. Estas exigencias generan tensiones al inter...
En este artículo se presenta la adaptación de una versión reducida de la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA) en Colombia. En el Estudio 1 (n=417) se realizó un análisis fac-torial exploratorio para identificar las dimensiones de la escala; y en el Estudio 2 (n=396), se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio en donde se analizó la validez...
Este trabalho analisa as experiências de seis pesquisadores durante pesquisa de campo em Audiências de Custódia na cidade de São Paulo em 2019. Aspectos como as dificuldades de acesso ao Fórum, a indiferença dos juízes e relatos de intimidação narrados pelos pesquisadores indicam que embora existam regulações formais das audiências, coexistem proce...
Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects thousands of women around the world and is prevalent in the Global South. Unequal social structures perpetuate hierarchies and maintain women’s vulnerability to violence. Difficulties women face in accessing education, economic resources, and employment diminish their power in intimate relationships, increasi...
Support for redistribution is crucial for reducing economic inequality. Despite people's desire for reducing extreme inequalities, they still have mixed opinions regarding how to do so. The aim of the article is to examine the underlying latent dimensions of support for redistribution and test its correlates to perceptions of and attitudes toward i...
Nature Reviews Psychology. You can read the paper here: https://rdcu.be/cJ0Kj
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Economic inequality might influence subjective wellbeing through psychological processes such as status competition and social dista...
In Brazil, the Custody Hearing is a legal device established in 2015 to safeguard the rights
of people arrested in flagrante delicto by the police. In an attempt to prevent the indiscriminate use of preventive detentions in the country, the custody hearings were created for the potential effects that an in-person meeting may have on the flow of the...
Resumen: La Orientación a la Dominancia Social (SDO) se define como la disposición individual a aceptar las relaciones jerárquicas y de dominación entre grupos. La medición de la SDO ha evolucionado conforme con el desarrollo de la teoría, aportando varias versiones de la escala. Esta escala ha mostrado indicadores de fiabilidad y validez apropiado...
In this study, we analyze the perception of economic inequality in everyday life in Spain based on political ideology. Using content analysis techniques, we processed 705 open-ended responses from 290 people and used network analysis to examine the relationships between the categories identified. We found that economic inequality is perceived prima...
RESUMEN La verificación de noticias falsas es una herramienta importante para mejorar la calidad de la información que circula en redes virtuales. Aunque existen distintas agencias de verificación de noticias, también encontramos algunas estrategias más informales como el uso del hashtag #Stopbulos. Así, la presente investigación pretende realizar...
This paper aims to examine the role of Belief in a Just World (BJW; Lerner, 1980) in the legitimation of economic inequality. Using data from 27 European countries (N=47,086), we conducted multilevel analyses and found that BJW positively predicted the legitimation of economic inequality, measured by three indicators: the perceived fairness of the...
The legal socialization framework emphasizes the importance of adolescents’ encounters with police. We examine how different types of police contact and neighborhood experiences are linked to the legal socialization process among adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on 669 participants across three waves of panel data from the São Paulo...
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated ge...
The study of perceived economic differences in everyday life is relevant to deepening knowledge of how inequality shapes psychological processes. In the current research, Spanish undergraduates (N = 547) were asked what their friends with the most and least money could do with their resources. Using a qualitative and quantitative approach, we perfo...
El presente capítulo es una invitación a las comunidades académicas y científicas para mantener la reflexión y la crítica sobre la ciencia y la producción de conocimiento como una práctica social y humana, atravesada por intereses y condiciones situados en tiempos y espacios concretos que determinan tanto el tipo de conocimiento posible y válido; a...
El objetivo de este documento es presentar algunas consideraciones conceptuales y metodológicas para el desarrollo de una agenda de investigación sobre la percepción de la desigualdad económica desde una perspectiva psicosocial. Para ello, discuto cuatro momentos claves donde como investigadores/as debemos tomar decisiones fundamentales que determi...
Algunas investigaciones sugieren que el miedo al delito afecta a la actitud de las personas hacia las políticas de seguridad pública, favoreciendo una preferencia por acciones represivas o punitivas frente a lo que se considera un peligro o una amenaza. Los estudios han señalado una variedad de posibles factores individuales y contextuales que son...
Algunas investigaciones sugieren que el miedo al delito afecta a la actitud de las personas hacia las políticas de seguridad pública, favoreciendo una preferencia por acciones represivas o punitivas frente a lo que se considera un peligro o una amenaza. Los estudios han señalado una variedad de posibles factores individuales y contextuales que son...
O apoio aos sistemas democráticos depende tanto da confiança política e a desigualdade estrutural que as pessoas vivenciam em suas vidas. Nesse sentido, a confiança política teria um efeito positivo sobre o apoio à democracia, enquanto a desigualdade reduziria a legitimidade desse sistema, pois os indivíduos desacreditariam na democracia como forma...
The current chapter highlights the implications of the scars of inequality by first reviewing some common indices of economic inequality. We then discuss research on public attitudes toward inequality and examine the effects of societal-level inequities on various outcomes. Within this section, we focus on how the ever-expanding disparities between...
Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross‐culturally, to test if both individual‐ and country‐level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zer...
Self-censorship orientation — that is, the preference to hide truth- ful information — is determined by multiple individual, group and contextual factors which can either generate negative conse- quences or subvert information flows. Due to the social relevance that self-censorship can have, this study aims to adapt and provide evidence of validity...
Perception of economic inequality is defined as the subjective representation of economic resources. However, this representation is not abstract, but it is contingent on the individuals’ context and ideologies. The aim of the study (N = 290) is to analyse how economic inequality is perceived in Spain, and how such perceptions vary according to ind...
El autoritarismo es un constructo ampliamente estudiado en psicología para investigar comportamientos políticos. Para su medición se suele usar la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA), la cual tiene variaciones en sus propiedades psicométricas según cada contexto. En este artículo traducimos y adaptamos una versión reducida del autoritarismo d...
In the last 40 years, inequality has risen to levels unseen since before World War II. Although these increases correlate with numerous harmful outcomes, research has largely overlooked the psychological mechanisms that transmit the macro-level effects of inequality onto micro-level outcomes. We address this oversight by proposing a macro-micro mod...
Objetivo general. Analizar la relación entre diferentes formas de percibir y justificar la desigualdad económica en Colombia, y el apoyo a medidas redistributivas orientadas a la reducción de la desigualdad.
Objetivos específicos. Describir las ideologías y percepciones de la desigualdad económica en diferentes regiones del país, así como las acti...
Objetivo general. Analizar las dinámicas de algunos procesos psicosociales (e.g., identidad, emociones y estereotipos) involucrados en la difusión y el consumo de noticias
falsas sobre inmigración en España.
Objetivos específicos.
Caracterizar los contenidos de las noticias falsas sobre inmigración en España que
circulan en distintos medios y redes...
Social class and power inequalities are defining features of current societies and tend to influence several social psychological processes. Two types of consequences of social class and power inequalities can be differentiated: mechanical and contextual. Mechanical effects occur when inequality strengthens the relation between social class or powe...
Although economic inequality has increased over the last few decades, support for redistributive policies is not widely accepted by the public. In this paper, we examine whether attitudes toward redistribution are a product of both perceptions of, and beliefs about, inequality. Specifically, we argue that the association between perceived inequalit...
Perceived greater economic inequality is supposedly associated with higher demand for redistribution. However, the findings in the literature are mixed in this regard, with some researchers providing evidence in favour of this association and some findings evidence against it. Given that perceived economic inequality and endorse- ment of system-jus...
This article studies the interactional functions of racism discourse in mobilizing support for right-wing populism. The analysis focuses on the controversy surrounding UKIP’s “Breaking Point” poster campaign which launched days before the historic British EU referendum. We focus on the development of “tripolar relations” between the UKIP party lead...
People’s desired levels of inequality are informed by the levels of inequality they perceive to exist. Perceived economic inequality is used as a reference point in determining people’s ideal level of inequality. However, recent research has suggested that the strength of this relationship depends on people’s endorsement of system-justifying belief...
Research on perceptions of economic inequality focuses on estimations of the distribution of financial resources, such as perceived income gaps or wealth distribution. However, we argue that perceiving inequality is not limited to an economic idea but also includes other dimensions related to people’s daily life. We explored this idea by conducting...
Socioeconomic class is a relevant variable with regard to the process of social hierarchization; specifically, subjective social class (SSC) has been found to correlate positively with the self-efficacy of persons. In the present study, with mixed methodology and a population size of 280 participants, we attempted to replicate these results by oper...
Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with an intelligent
category (“professor”) subsequently performed 13.1% better on a trivia test than participants
primed with an unintelligent category (“soccer hooligans”). Two unpublished replications of this
study by the original authors, designed to verify the appropriate...
La construcción de identidades representa procesos complejos, dinámicos, inacabados y constantes a partir de los cuales los individuos se sitúan frente al mundo y frente a los otros. En este capítulo se describen estos procesos a partir de una investigación sobre la construcción de identidades profesionales de oficiales de policía en Colombia. Desd...
La investigación sobre identidades profesionales puede ser abordada desde diferentes perspectivas, según la forma como se conciban los conceptos y se planteen las preguntas de investigación. En este capítulo se reseña el abordaje metodológico de un estudio de caso sobre la construcción de identidades profesionales en una organización policial. Para...
In this paper we examined the joint effects of perceived economic inequality and legitimacy on ideal economic inequality. We hypothesized that only for those individuals who legitimate inequality, perceived inequality will be positively related with ideal inequality. Conversely, for individuals that do not legitimize inequality, a weaker relation b...
Este documento revisa y reflexiona sobre el rol de
los cuerpos de policía en las dinámicas actuales de
convivencia y seguridad ciudadana, con énfasis en
el papel de la educación policial en los procesos de
reforma y de mejoramiento continuo del servicio de
policía. Para ello, se hizo una lectura sistemática de la
literatura especializada nacional e...
We developed a teaching-led research project to empirically ground methodological reflection about digital ethnography. Drawing on Cordelois' collective ethnographic observation approach, fifteen emerging professionals (from a private general education university and a Police Academy in Bogota) collaborated in a method seminar on digital ethnograph...
La presente investigación aborda algunos indicadores sobre violencia, en el
marco de la tendencia de las personas a mantener relaciones de desigualad y
dominación u orientación a la dominancia social (ODS). El objetivo consistió
en explorar las relaciones existentes entre la victimización, la perpetración y
el conocimiento de la violencia, con la o...
Resumen Se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre la relación entre los sentidos de trabajo construidos a partir de la trayectoria y los recursos para afrontar el mundo del trabajo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con personas agrupadas por rangos de edad utilizando el análisis de contenido, desde una perspectiva integradora e...
