Effendi Mohamad

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• Dr.Eng. (Tokushima University Japan) ; MSc (Distinction) Engineering Business Management (Coventry University, UK) ; B.Eng.(Hons) Manufacturing (UM)
• Professor at Technical University of Malaysia Malacca

Abu Dhabi’s government has taken several initiatives to improve the safety of the city’s highways, such as reducing traffic accident occurrence, red light violations, and property damage associated with traffic accidents. However, the intersections are still associated with many severe accidents, property damage associated with accidents, and red l...

Product packaging shows product detail and characteristics and can influence consumer desire. A well-packaged product, when seen or felt, improves product perception and attitude. In Yogyakarta, fried meatballs are popular street food. Customers often complain about packaging post-purchase. Customers have often complained about the packaging and th...

Simulation has become popular since the last few years as an effective training method for lean manufacturing tools such as Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), Kanban, and preventive maintenance. As training is crucial to achieve successful implementation of lean manufacturing tools, this paper introduces a simulation-based training system for le...

Brick is a common building material that is used in society for constructing buildings. A viable environmental strategy to lessen the amount of plastic waste involves the inclusion of plastic trash in building materials. Globally, there is a severe issue with the disposal of plastic garbage in landfills. The primary and secondary carbon bonds that...

In 2022, there was a slow growth in the developing nations' GDP, but Malaysia's economy grew strongly at 8.7% due to increased activity in a number of sectors, particularly in services. Malaysia’s strong economic growth has created a higher demand for warehouse facilities and efficient warehouse operations. As a result, the need for efficient wareh...

The financial governance is an effective way to set goals and achieve government business and activities efficiently, and this can only be achieved efficiently and effectively through the application of a set of principles on which financial governance is based. There is still a big gap in the performance governance in institutions and the principl...

Biocomposite materials have gained significant interest as sustainable alternatives across multiple industries, requiring an effective and systematic selection procedure to guarantee optimal performance and environmental compatibility. This paper analyzes contemporary research on the selection of biocomposite materials in several industries, includ...

This review paper synthesizes the findings from four significant studies on the integration of Design Thinking (DT) and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) in engineering education and practice. Over the past two decades, these methodologies have been explored for their potential to enhance creativity, problem-solving, and innovation. De...

Increasing the organisation's productivity can directly affect operational and financial performance and is regarded as a crucial tactic for achieving industrial excellence. Productivity is a fundamental metric that affects work-in-progress inventory, production, process utilisation, product cost, and on-time delivery. Hence, engineers and managers...

This bibliometric review explores the development and trends of lean warehousing (LW) research from 2004 to 2024, investigating 333 publications indexed in Scopus. Using the VOSviewer software and Scopus database, the study examines research clusters, publication patterns, geographical distributions, and contributing authors. The findings highlight...

The increasing complexity of modern manufacturing systems demands advanced decision support app; iDSS-ProLean, that can process vast amounts of real-time data for optimal performance. This paper introduces a modular sensor architecture aimed at enhancing decision support systems (DSS) revolving a manufacturing environment through the seamless inter...

An examination of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and its impact on lean manufacturing (LM) is not yet detailed, properly evaluated or validated. Notably, there is a lack of recent studies that evaluated I4.0 technology mapping and prioritization in the LM industrial context in Malaysia. The study aims to evaluate how I4.0 technology enablers influence the use...

A key performance indicator (KPI) is one of the factors for measuring performance improvement at PT. XYZ is an FMCG company in achieving its main business goals. Performance report data management system at PT. XYZ is still not optimal, because it is not integrated, experiences repeated data input, and requires visualization media for monitoring KP...

This study aims to investigate the machine learning techniques implemented in image recognition technology for the identification and classification of oil palm fruit ripeness. The accurate determination of fruit ripeness is crucial for optimizing harvest time and improving oil yield. The palm oil industry is one of the major plantations in Malaysi...

Manufacturing industries have increasingly recognized the value of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) not only for improving productivity but also for enhancing sustainability. The combination of green concept with LSS has also gained popularity by reducing waste, cost, and emissions. Prompting the exploration of enablers supporting its adoption in environmental...

This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the development of sustainability guidelines tailored for Industry 4.0, emphasizing the influence of cultural factors and the multidimensionality of existing sustainability models. Industry 4.0 represents a pivotal shift in industrial operations, integrating advanced technological innovation with...

This study investigates the critical enablers influencing the implementation of Green Lean Six Sigma (GLSS) in Malaysia's wastewater treatment industry. Through an extensive literature review and insights from the industry, 30 distinct enablers were identified and categorized based on their characteristics within wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) o...

This study investigates the influence of Lean Six Sigma enablers (LSS_En),comprising strategy, environment, culture, resource, and linkage based on Sustainable Performance (Sus_Perf) in wastewater treatment plants of Malaysian and Multi-national Companies (MNCs), using data from 276 respondents. Additionally, the study examines the intervening impa...

The urgency to responsibly use limited natural resources in the face of global warming and environmental concerns necessitates a shift in manufacturing paradigms towards sustainable practices. While quality-focused approaches like Lean manufacturing (LM), Six Sigma (SS), and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) have made strides, their impact on environmental sust...

Headrests are an essential safety feature in automobile seats as they are not only for comfort, but more importantly prevent, or reduce the severity of whiplash injuries caused by rear-end collisions. In addition to functional obligations, headrests must also adhere to sustainable design principles, which encompass the reduction of emissions, conse...

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a lean manufacturing (LM) method that focuses on availability, performance, and quality to identify areas of waste and inefficiency. However, Industry 4.0 has begun to pose challenges to the system due to its data complexity and unique interoperability concerning the part of fundamental handling. As a result...

Electric vehicles (EVs) revolutionized the automotive industry, necessitating revolutionary structural integrity and performance solutions. In this Paper, A strut bar is required in electric vehicles to improve both driving stability and safety. This study investigated the crucial function of strut bars in improving the structural behaviour of EVs,...

Electrical energy is a vital necessity characterized by ever-increasing electricity consumption. The most dominating power plant in Indonesia in supplying electricity is the steam power plant, which is 50%. In its implementation, there is damage that occurs where the highest damage is to the general unit with the highest damage to the turbine unit....

The semiconductor manufacturing industry, particularly the etching process, faces significant challenges in achieving optimal line balancing due to variability in process times, equipment availability, and material handling intricacies. This study addresses these challenges by developing an advanced Decision Support System (DSS) that integrates Dat...

The rapid development of industry 4.0 has significantly accelerated the advancement of decision support system (DSS) specifically, in the lean manufacturing sector. This study explores the integration of data analytics (DA) within the development of lean-DSS, motivated by the necessity for academic insights into creating more efficient and effectiv...

Currently, the use of plastic is one of the problems in the world. Various plastic recycling innovations have been researched. One of them is the reuse of plastic waste to be used as a mixture of building materials. One form of innovation that can be developed is sustainable brick. The use of plastic waste in the manufacture of sustainable bricks i...

The majority of Indonesia's population adheres to Islam at 87.2%. The large number of adherents of Islam affects the number of requests for halal products, especially broiler meat in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This is supported by the large number of Chicken Slaughter Houses (CSH) with a total of 1,232 in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Ho...

Choice is crucial for industrial enterprises as their success or failure may depend on it. Consequently, emerging technologies, especially Industry 4.0 (I4.0) are making precision decisions and enabling enriching collaborations with the industry’s computer-assisted decision support systems (DSSs). However, the arrival of Industry 4.0 poses challeng...

A door hardware manufacturing company in Melaka, Malaysia has faced challenges with an inefficient material handling system due to unnecessary operator movements in the sub-assembly processing line. This study aims to address this issue by proposing an innovative material flow system focused on three main stations: Manual Piston Assembly (MPA), Cus...

Electric vehicles (EVs) revolutionized the automotive industry, necessitating revolutionary structural integrity and performance solutions. In this Paper, A strut bar is required in electric vehicles to improve both driving stability and safety. This study investigated the crucial function of strut bars in improving the structural behaviour of EVs,...

The urgency to responsibly use limited natural resources in the face of global warming and environmental concerns necessitates a shift in manufacturing paradigms towards sustainable practices. While quality-focused approaches like Lean manufacturing (LM), Six Sigma (SS), and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) have made strides, their impact on environmental sust...

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a lean manufacturing (LM) method that focuses on availability, performance, and quality to identify areas of waste and inefficiency. However, Industry 4.0 has begun to pose challenges to the system due to its data complexity and unique interoperability concerning the part of fundamental handling. As a result...

Headrests are an essential safety feature in automobile seats as they are not only for comfort, but more importantly prevent, or reduce the severity of whiplash injuries caused by rear-end collisions. In addition to functional obligations, headrests must also adhere to sustainable design principles, which encompass the reduction of emissions, conse...

Modern military logistics rely on technology to optimise warehouse operations and sustain operations during both peacetime and wartime. However, the problem with the existing army WMS is that it cannot afford to meet the current operational requirement causing inefficient warehouse operations. While existing research highlights the benefits of RFID...

Concurrent Engineering (CE) is a methodology aimed at reducing costs and time in production processes. To achieve this goal, collaboration among various activities is essential, including design, manufacturing and assembly, marketing and distribution, and customer relations. Collaboration among individuals from different activities is particularly...

The use of digital manufacturing has become increasingly important to maintain competitiveness in the market as companies embrace Industry 4.0. In most enterprises, there is an increasing demand for remote communication and collaboration as an alternative to travelling between locations. This trend is influenced by many factors, including the recen...

One of the Melaka casting firms was facing an issues regarding the current hood placement on the casting machine. the current hood placement design was so poor at capturing scattered chips. The placement was not as close to the emission source as possible, leading the chips to be spread in different directions. To solve the problem, the House of Qu...

As manufacturing facilities move towards Industry 4.0, automation is becoming increasingly prevalent. The development of innovative manufacturing technologies, complex parts and high-precision parts has resulted in the deficiency of traditional manual inspection methods. This has led to computer-aided inspection systems (CAIs), including image-base...

Manufacturing industries have increasingly recognized the value of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) not only for improving productivity but also for enhancing sustainability. LSS has also gained popularity in the service sector, prompting the exploration of enablers supporting its adoption in environmental services. This study aims to investigate the relations...

This study investigates the influence of Lean Six Sigma enablers (LSS_En) on Sustainable Performance (Sus_Perf) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Malaysian and Multinational companies (MNCs), using data from 276 respondents. Employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the analysis demonstrates a positive and sign...

The Ministry of Communication and Information and the Ministry of BUMN of The Republic of Indonesia designed a mobile app “Peduli Lindungi” to be used to help the public and related government agencies in carrying out screening and tracing people's movement to stop the spread of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19).The existence of a mobile app, “Peduli...

In every industrial enterprise, choices are crucial since they may decide success or failure. Consequently, the decision-making process is crucial to lean production. However, further study is necessary to appreciate the relevance of Decision Support System (DSS) in the lean manufacturing business. This study exposes the classification of DSS, its...

Water is a vital resource that should be utilized effectively. However, it is overused and squandered on a daily need, including the unrestrained use of water for ablution purposes. This condition can be due to a lack of awareness and the influences of peer cultural values. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a water-tap design that take...

This study examines Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation challenges in Malaysian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to enhance sustainability. LSS, known for waste reduction through the "reduce, reuse, and recycle" (3R) principles and statistical process stability, has excelled in manufacturing but faces hurdles in WWTPs. The need arises to consoli...

Among industry players, the success rate with the adoption of Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been growing significantly year-over-year, by leveraging the Industrial Revolution of 4.0. The boom in Industry 4.0 has resulted in exponential data growth in all fields. This has been possible due to the big data exchange system in real-time, which enables en...

A lean manufacturing tool called Kanban is used in the communication structure which comprehends the signal and response setup. Industry 4.0 has seen an assertive evolution in recent years as human productivity has increased. The progress, however, makes technology adaption more difficult and convoluted, particularly for complex production lines wh...

Concurrent Engineering (CE) is a methodology aimed at reducing costs and time in production processes. To achieve this goal, collaboration among various activities is essential, including design, manufacturing and assembly, marketing and distribution, and customer relations. Collaboration among individuals from different activities is particularly...

One of the Melaka casting firms was facing an issues regarding the current hood placement on the casting machine. the current hood placement design was so poor at capturing scattered chips. The placement was not as close to the emission source as possible, leading the chips to be spread in different directions. To solve the problem, the House of Qu...

The use of digital manufacturing has become increasingly important to maintain competitiveness in the market as companies embrace Industry 4.0. In most enterprises, there is an increasing demand for remote communication and collaboration as an alternative to travelling between locations. This trend is influenced by many factors, including the recen...

Hutan Pelawan yang berlokasi di Desa Namang, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung memiliki potensi yang sangat besar sebagai hutan kehayati yang juga dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana wisata edukasi dan sebagainya. Salah satu andalan dan daya Tarik hutan ini adalah wisata menghisap madu secara langsung dari sarang l...

Manufacturing industries have increasingly recognized the value of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) not only for improving productivity but also for enhancing sustainability. LSS has also gained popularity in the service sector, prompting the exploration of enablers supporting its adoption in environmental services. This study aims to investigate the relations...

As manufacturing facilities move towards Industry 4.0, automation is becoming increasingly prevalent. The development of innovative manufacturing technologies, complex parts and high-precision parts has resulted in the deficiency of traditional manual inspection methods. This has led to computer-aided inspection systems (CAIs), including image-base...

This research investigates the impact of Lean Six Sigma enablers (LSS_En) on Sustainable Performance (Sus_Perf) in Malaysian WWTPs, with consideration of gender differences. A sample of 276 participants was analysed using structural equation modelling. Positive and significant effects were found in male samples, but not in females for H1 and H3. LP...

Lean Six Sigma is a systematic and scientific operations management methodology aimed to improve the performance of their manufacturing processes through the elimination of waste. The objective of this paper is to analyses the problem of increasing demand of briquettes in BriqCo (Briquettes Coconut shell Charcoal) company. in this case, the company...

The process of urbanisation contributes to the growth of waste generation and causes environmental pollution. One of the most common plastic waste is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This plastic waste is often used as mixed material in construction. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a possible tool to assess the sustainability of a produc...

Among industry players, the success rate with the adoption of Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been growing significantly year-over-year, by leveraging the Industrial Revolution of 4.0. The boom in Industry 4.0 has resulted in exponential data growth in all fields. This has been possible due to the big data exchange system in real-time, which enables en...

A lean manufacturing tool called Kanban is used in the communication structure which comprehends the signal and response setup. Industry 4.0 has seen an assertive evolution in recent years as human productivity has increased. The progress, however, makes technology adaption more difficult and convoluted, particularly for complex production lines wh...

Customer churn has become a big problem for telecommunication companies. Preventive efforts are needed by predicting the value of churn in the future. This study uses data mining techniques with decision tree algorithms to predict customer churn in one of Indonesian Telecommunication companies. The best decision tree model has parameters of criteri...

Introduction: Plastic waste is considered one of the common vital waste problems in developing countries such as Indonesia. One proposed alternative way to reduce plastic waste is by reusing and recycling it into bricks. Eco-bricks are a form of recycled plastic waste that can be used as an alternative building construction material. Unfortunately,...

This paper presents the promising method of synchronizing the Six Sigma and reliability analyses at 15 sewage treatment plants (STPs) operating in Melaka, Malaysia. Five different suspended growth treatment technologies in various capacities were investigated. The sequential batch reactor (SBR) and extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) processe...

The project name is Implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in Textile Manufacturing Company. This project acts as a tool for identifying the level of efficiency of the equipment used. This project aims to implement and identify the machine's level of efficiency by using the OEE technique, identify the issues causing the 6 big losse...

Lean adoption is unsuccessful because employees do not reach a consensus on adoption novel ideas, and employers do not precisely understand the value of the lean approach. Hence, a study is vital to formulating the necessary industry approaches for facilitating a supportive system to make lean implementation successful. This study aims to assess ba...

Friction Tribology TiN Piston ring The piston ring and linear cylinder interaction can significantly affect mechanical friction losses in Internal combustion (IC). Therefore, it needs a coating that can reduce friction in the interaction of the piston ring and linear internal combustion. TiN is one of some materials that has been popularly used as...

The issue of sustainability is an interesting discussion on every concept of development in all cities worldwide. One issue in urban development concerns urban sustainability. It is widely understood in urban development that the distribution of land use directly impacts the sustainability of cities. The history of the city always impacts the distr...

Human movements vary on trial-by-trial due to signal-dependent noise that is added to motor commands and provokes errors of movements. In some motor tasks, humans have to produce precise movements with overcoming of the noise. This study aimed at considering the motor criteria taking into account movement errors. Three factors affecting movement er...

Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs) hold a strategic role in economic activities. Since SMEs contribute in enlivening businesses, it is important to assess the SMEs’ performances. One of the most vital aspects in running SMEs is the workers’ productivity which is very risky of declining performance. This study will assess Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD),...

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the amount of plastic waste. The demand for food and plastic-packaged foodstuffs has increased, and the use of disposable utensils has increased. The large usage of plastic packaging was the main factor which contributed to the plastic waste disposal. Since these plastic wastes are not easily degrad...

The present study describes a modified Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) for multi-item replenishment model with the deterministic demand nature of an inventory management. The function is subjected to the available financial and space constraints in the organization. If the constraints are not satisfied under the given conditions, then Lagrange techni...

In this paper, the researchers presented the process control analysis of a Poultry Wastewater (PWW) treatment plant that was designed to comply with the Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009. In this pilot case study, the researchers highlighted the fact that owing to the existing global environmental challenges, a Six Sigma...

The project name is Implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in Textile Manufacturing Company. This project acts as a tool for identifying the level of efficiency of the equipment used. This project aims to implement and identify the machine's level of efficiency by using the OEE technique, identify the issues causing the 6 big losse...

Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) is a very common grievance of employees working with SMEs and large industries. The objective of this research is to examine the risk of MSD for operators in the manufacturing segment of SMEs by deploying two ergonomic approaches: self-report (SR) and observation method (OM). The project has been executed in the manuf...

In this study, we propose an evaluation method based on Kansei Engineering to clarify the main factors that affect the impression of the shape and label design of PET bottles. Focusing only on PET bottles of natural water, we classified them by clustering method using physical shape and label design features, evaluated them by Kansei engineering me...

The introduction of label-less bottles has been proposed as one of the measures to reduce plastic resin consumption for a recycling-oriented society. However, it is not easy to recognize the content of colorless transparent objects in a label-less PET bottle. This study uses mineral water and carbonated water for the content of PET bottle, and clar...

This study proposes a system that works in conjunction with an IoT-based health management system using AI speakers to generate movements of avatars projected on walls and other surfaces, targeting general users and others unfamiliar with the operation of information devices. The health management system combines an AI speaker for voice control to...

Lean adoption is unsuccessful because employees do not reach a consensus on adoption novel ideas, and employers do not precisely understand the value of the lean approach. Hence, a study is vital to formulating the necessary industry approaches for facilitating a supportive system to make lean implementation successful. This study aims to assess ba...

The lean experts have defined 7 types of wastes in an industry, i.e., inventory, overproduction, process, rework, waiting, transport, and unnecessary motion. In this study, the researchers have focused primarily on 2 kinds of wastes, i.e., inventory and transport wastes. A company can face 2 major issues, where they have an insufficient storing cap...

The trade-off relationship between speed and accuracy has been well known in many types of motor tasks. An error of a movement increases as the speed of the movement. Previous investigation by computer simulation suggested that negative viscous blocks the trade-off relationship. In this study, actual human movements on viscous fields were measured...

Although the teleconferencing system is widely used today, fundamental problems such as the inability to share the mood of the place have been pointed out. Therefore, further technological innovation is required. Previous studies of the authors showed that the active display of a tablet using the head-motion of a subject was recognized as generally...

This study proposes an IoT-based health management system using an AI speaker integrated with a desk-side projected avatar for general users including those who are not familiar with information devices operation. The user interface of the health management system integrates an AI speaker for voice operation to manage daily personal activity data o...

This study proposes an evaluation method based on Kansei Engineering to clarify the primary factors that could affect to the impression of bottle shape and label design of PET bottle. Focused on the PET bottles of natural waters only, this paper classifies them based on a clustering method using physical shape and label design features, evaluates t...

Lean Manufacturing (LM) refers to a process that helps in reducing the waste generated during production, while simultaneously improving production efficiency. Waste is regarded as anything that does not add value or can be spent easily. The main problem affecting the LM was the complex processes used in the manufacturing industries. The manufactur...

This study aims to design a Cleaner Production Value Stream Mapping (CPVSM) as one of the powerful extended lean tools for improving the sustainability performance consist of Triple Bottom Line (i.e: economic, environment and social). The methodical contribution of this study is to generate relevant sustainability performance indicators suitable fo...

Configuration work of manufacturing systems is a very tedious process that relies on how a system is determined and the experience of the person involved. The process will be more complicated when it involves work cell contains automation component such as industrial robots. Configuring an optimal robot work cell has become active research in recen...

This research was conducted at one of the companies that produces special-purpose machinery. The company had problems in the procurement department which supplies raw materials and electrical parts. From the data on the delivery of purchased electrical parts in 2018, there a delay in delivery occurred between a week to 10 working days or eight per...

Fresh milk is a product that is susceptible to physical, chemical and microbiological contamination. It can cause risks to the food safety of dairy products. In this study, the principles of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) were used to analyze hazards in milk processing. There were 3 processes...

This study seeks to empirically investigate the impact of transformational leadership on employees' innovation with the mediating effect of technological diversity. Employees have evolved into leaders in organizing work within institutions over the last few decades. This shift presents new demands for leaders, who are forced to reinvent individual...

Apart from job satisfaction, well-designed ergonomic work environment provides physical safety as well as enhance productivity of workers. In manufacturing facilities, workers’ activities during work involve heavy workloads, such as lifting, exerting excessive force, etc. These contributes ergonomic issues and effective countermeasure to improve th...