Edward Wu

A hypothetical theory of a Yangton and Yington circulating pair with an inter-attractive “Force of Creation” is proposed as the “Origin of Creation”. When this circulating pair travels in the space it is known as “Photon”. Otherwise, at still, it is known as “Wu’s Particles” also as “Still Photon”, which makes the basic building block of all matter...

It is proposed that graviton is composed of Wu’s Pairs, a Yangton and Yington circulating particle pairs with build-in attractive Force of Creation (Building Blocks of the universe). Gravitational force is generated by string force between two gravitons and the propagation of gravitational force is explained by graviton radiation and contact intera...

A mathematical model is proposed for the quantitative analysis of Doppler Shifts. In the model, four equations: Equation of Light Speed, Equation of Position, Vision of Light and Vision of Object are established and correlated together such that the wavelength, frequency and light speed of various Doppler Shifts including Axial Doppler Shift, Accel...

It is proposed that Yangton and Yington Bubbles are the building blocks of Space and Wu’s Pairs are the building blocks of Matter. It is also believed that not only Corresponding Spaces can be generated with Yangton and Yington Bubbles and Wu’s Pairs, but also Corresponding Energy can be generated by the interaction between Force of Creation and th...

Many Bell's Inequality experiments including the one received 2022 Nobel Prize in physics were attempted to prove that Bell's Inequalities cannot fulfill the experimental results, such that Einstein's Hidden Variables couldn't exist and quantum superposition and quantum entanglement are true. However, in photon multiple polarization experiments, be...

According to Standard Model, quarks and gluons are subatomic particles derived from a mathematical model based on quantum field theory and Yang Mills Theory. In contrast, based on the Yangton and Yington Theory, all subatomic particles are composed of string structures made of Wu's Pairs, the building blocks of the universe. In this paper, it is pr...

According to Standard Model, quarks and gluons are subatomic particles derived from a mathematical model based on quantum field theory and Yang Mills Theory. In contrast, based on the Yangton and Yington Theory, all subatomic particles are composed of string structures made of Wu's Pairs, the building blocks of the universe. In this paper, it is pr...

Recently several mature and very well defined galaxies at high redshifts existing 300M years after the Big Bang (or 13.5B years before present) were found by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). It indicates that the age of the universe may be 26.7B years instead of 13.8B years claimed by Big Bang Theory. One possible answer to this new discovery is...

Recently several mature and very well defined galaxies at high redshifts existing 300M years after the Big Bang (or 13.5B years before present) were found by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). It indicates that the age of the universe may be 26.7B years instead of 13.8B years claimed by Big Bang Theory. One possible answer to this new discovery is...

A mathematical model is proposed for the quantitative analysis of Doppler Shifts. In the model, four equations: Equation of Light Speed, Equation of Position, Vision of Light and Vision of Object are established and correlated together such that the wavelength, frequency and light speed of various Doppler Shifts including Axial Doppler Shift, Accel...

It is proposed that Yangton and Yington Bubbles are the building blocks of Space and Wu's Pairs are the building blocks of Matter. It is also believed that not only Corresponding Spaces can be generated with Yangton and Yington Bubbles and Wu's Pairs, but also Corresponding Energy can be generated by the interaction between Force of Creation and th...

It Is Proposed That “Yangton And Yington Bubbles”, A Temporary Yangton And Yington Particle Pair With Inter-Attractive Force Of Creation, Are The Building Blocks Of Space. Also, “Wu’s Pairs”, A Permanent Yangton And Yington Particle Pair With Inter-Attractive Force Of Creation Circulating Against Each Other On An Orbit, Are The Building Blocks Of M...

It is proposed that "Yangton and Yington Bubbles", a temporary Yangton and Yington particle pair with inter-attractive Force of Creation, are the building blocks of Space. Also, "Wu's Pairs", a permanent Yangton and Yington particle pair with inter-attractive Force of Creation circulating against each other on an orbit, are the building blocks of M...

According to Yangton and Yington Theory, Gravitational Force is generated by contact interaction between two adjacent gravitons on the same object. Remote Gravitational Force on the other hand is caused by contact interaction between the graviton on the target object and the graviton emitted from parent object through graviton flux based on Gravito...

According to Yangton and Yington Theory, Gravitational Force is generated by contact interaction between two adjacent gravitons on the same object. Remote Gravitational Force on the other hand is caused by contact interaction between the graviton on the target object and the graviton emitted from parent object through graviton flux based on Gravito...

This is the revision of "Indirect Proves of Wu's Pairs and Yangton and Yington Theory".

Yangton and Yington Theory is a hypothetical theory that can be used to explain the formations, structures and phenomena of the universe based on the building blocks of the universe, "Wu's Pair", a superfine Yangton and Yington Antimatter particle pair with inter-attractive Force of Creation circulating against each other on an orbit. Yangton and Y...

Yangton and Yington Theory is a hypothetical theory that can be used to explain the formations, structures and phenomena of the universe based on the building blocks of the universe, "Wu's Pair", a superfine Yangton and Yington Antimatter particle pair with inter-attractive Force of Creation circulating against each other on an orbit. Yangton and Y...

Under both thermal equilibrium and subatomic equilibrium, all objects and events are corresponding identical objects and events. Based on Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Parallelism and Principle of Correspondence, as well as Wu’s Spacetime Equation tyy = γlyy3/2, all quantities of the properties of an object or event can be transformed to W...

According Yangton and Yington Theory, Wu’s Unit Length and Wu’s Unit Time of Wu’s Pairs (building blocks of the universe) can be affected by particle bombardment, especially the graviton bombardment. Also, all the properties of an object or event are dependent on Wu’s Unit Length (diameter) and Wu’s Unit Time (period) of Wu’s Pairs in the subatomic...

According Yangton and Yington Theory, Wu’s Unit Length and Wu’s Unit Time of Wu’s Pairs (building blocks of the universe) can be affected by particle bombardment, especially the graviton bombardment. Also, all the properties of an object or event are dependent on Wu’s Unit Length (diameter) and Wu’s Unit Time (period) of Wu’s Pairs in the subatomic...

According to Quantum Field Theory, it is suggested that all subatomic particles are made of the surges of quantum fields. Many scientists believe that those quantum fields are preexisting infinitive fields in the universe such that the questions regarding the existence and propagation of the quantum fields can be avoid. In addition, based on Quantu...

According to Quantum Field Theory, it is suggested that all subatomic particles are made of the surges of quantum fields. Many scientists believe that those quantum fields are preexisting infinitive fields in the universe such that the questions regarding the existence and propagation of the quantum fields can be avoid. In addition, based on Quantu...

Many Bell’s Inequality experiments including the one received 2022 Nobel Prize in physics were attempted to prove that Bell’s Inequalities cannot fulfill the experimental results, such that Einstein’s Hidden Variables couldn’t exist and quantum superposition and quantum entanglement are true. However, in photon multiple polarization experiments, be...

This short note brings up the following three questions: 1. Why the quantum fields in Quantum Field Theory have to be long range fields or even infinitive continuous fields? 2. Can it be short range fields? Is it possible that Yangton and Yington Theory can serve as the backbones of Quantum Field Theory, as well as Quantum Gravity Theory and Standa...

This brief note is a revision of my previous publication [1]. In physics, scientists study the properties of objects or events and the interactions between the objects or events. An object is a group of particles (or energy particles) in either fixed or homogeneous distribution, and an event is the change of the distribution of a group of objects i...

In 2010, David Derbyshire reported “Researchers showed that clocks run faster if they are raised by just 12 inches. However, anyone hoping that a lifetime living in a basement is the secret to longevity will be disappointed. The effect is so small that it would add just 90 billionths of a second to a 79 year life span”. Based on this experimental r...

As a summary, a total of 8 Wu's Equations and 43 Wu's Theories related to Yangton and Yington Theory are covered in this short note.

Recently, two unknown particle flows named Aether Wind and Aether Inflow have been reported which can cause time dilation and change of light speed at different moving directions and speeds of an object or event (clock or light source) with respect to the local gravitational fields. However, according to Yangton and Yington Theory, photon is a free...

Recently, two unknown particle flows named Aether Wind and Aether Inflow have been reported which can cause time dilation and change of light speed at different moving directions and speeds of an object or event (clock or light source) with respect to the local gravitational fields. However, according to Yangton and Yington Theory, photon is a free...

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 was awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. What a big mistake! All of their experimental results are actually in vain, simply because of the wrong data they have...

Yangton and Yington Theory is a hypothetical theory that explains the formations, structures and phenomena of the universe based on “Wu’s Pair”, a super fine “Yangton and Yington” circulating Antimatter particle pair with an inter-attractive “Force of Creation”, that are generated from “Nothing”. Also, Yington Theory bridges two major but conflicti...

The Road Map of Yangton & Yington Theory

Wu’s Spacetime Equation tyy = γlyy is derived between Wu’s Unit Length lyy (diameter) and Wu’s Unit Time tyy (period) of Wu’s Pairs, a pair of superfine antimatter circulating Yangton and Yington particles as the building blocks of the universe. Both Wu’s Spacetime constant γ = π (2K) -1/2 and Wu’s constant K = V2r = ½ k (qyy2/myy) (where V is the...

Wu's Spacetime Equation t yy = γll yy is derived between Wu's Unit Length l yy (diameter) and Wu's Unit Time t yy (period) of Wu's Pairs, a pair of superfine antimatter circulating Yangton and Yington particles as the building blocks of the universe. Both Wu's Spacetime constant γl = π (2K) K))-1/2K) and Wu's constant K) = V 2K) r = ½ k (q yy 2K) /...

Physical constants and their arithmetic operations are defined, and commutativity, associativity and distributivity of the operations are derived. Equations of physical laws are interpreted by the equality between two associated quantities of induced properties of the same interactive object or event caused by two objects or events. Compared to mat...

Physical constants and their arithmetic operations are defined, and commutativity, associativity and distributivity of the operations are derived. Equations of physical laws are interpreted by the equality between two associated quantities of induced properties of the same interactive object or event caused by two objects or events. Compared to mat...

Three different physical quantities: Nature Quantities (such as a piece of space or time); Associated Quantities (such as the dimension and duration of an object or event); and Measured Quantities (such as X number of minutes and Y number of meters) are clearly defined and compared. Also, arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multi...

Three different physical quantities: Nature Quantities (such as a piece of space or time); Associated Quantities (such as the dimension and duration of an object or event); and Measured Quantities (such as X number of minutes and Y number of meters) are clearly defined and compared. Also, arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multi...

Despite relativism, Axial Doppler Shift, Transverse Doppler Shift and Acceleration Doppler Shift can be interpreted and derived by Equation of Light Speed C’ = C + V, where Normal Light Speed C' (light speed observed at the reference point) is a vector summation of Absolute Light Speed C (light speed observed at light source 3 x 108 m/s) and Inerti...

Despite relativism, Axial Doppler Shift, Transverse Doppler Shift and Acceleration Doppler Shift can be interpreted and derived by Equation of Light Speed C’ = C + V, where Normal Light Speed C' (light speed observed at the reference point) is a vector summation of Absolute Light Speed C (light speed observed at light source 3 x 108 m/s) and Inerti...

Equation of Light Speed C' = C + V is proposed as a general law in physics. In which, Normal Light Speed C'-the light speed observed at the reference point (observer) is a vector summation of Absolute Light Speed C-the light speed observed at light source (3 x 10 8 m/s) and Inertia Light Speed V-the speed of light source observed at the reference p...

Equation of Light Speed C' = C + V is proposed as a general law in physics. In which, Normal Light Speed C'-the light speed observed at the reference point (observer) is a vector summation of Absolute Light Speed C-the light speed observed at light source (3 x 10 8 m/ s) and Inertia Light Speed V-the speed of light source observed at the reference...

Wu’s Pairs is an excellent model in study of the universe. Even without the proof of existence from physical experiments, nevertheless, Wu’s Pairs and Yangton and Yington Theory can be considered as the foundations of a binary universe. Just like the binary system to the decimal system in mathematics, many theories and principles developed in the b...

A road map of systematic derivations and correlations between major physical phenomena and Yangton and Yington Theory.

It is proposed that graviton is composed of Wu’s Pairs, a Yangton and Yington circulating particle pairs with build-in attractive Force of Creation (Building Blocks of the universe). Gravitational force is generated by string force between two gravitons and the propagation of gravitational force is caused by graviton radiation and contact interacti...

Space and Time are continuous absolute quantities. They don’t change with anything at all. However, the dimension and duration of an object or event can change with the local gravitational field and aging of the universe. This is because that Wu’s Unit Length (diameter) and Wu’s Unit Time (period) of Wu’s Pairs (building blocks of the universe) in...

Space and Time are continuous absolute quantities. They don’t change with anything at all. However, the dimension and duration of an object or event can change with the local gravitational field and aging of the universe. This is because that Wu’s Unit Length (diameter) and Wu’s Unit Time (period) of Wu’s Pairs (building blocks of the universe) in...

God’s Particles by definition are the building blocks of the universe. Logically God’s Particles should obey Five Principles of The Universe. Also, they should be able to build all matters in the universe especially those subatomic particles with Four Basic Forces. Based on the Five Principles of The Universe, a pair of super fine anti-particles (Y...

God’s Particles by definition are the building blocks of the universe. Logically God’s Particles should obey Five Principles of The Universe. Also, they should be able to build all matters in the universe especially those subatomic particles with Four Basic Forces. Based on the Five Principles of The Universe, a pair of super fine anti-particles (Y...

According to Hubble's Law, the universe is expanding and accelerating. But, where the driving force of the acceleration coming from and why the universe inflating remain mysteries. On the other hand, if earth is shrinking instead of the universe is expanding, then why and how earth is shrinking also remain unknown. Three possible answers to these q...

Both photon and electron have wave and particle properties. In Double Slit Interference experiment, particle detector can be used to influence the phase angles of particle waves such that the coherency is disturbed and the interference patterns are diminished or even totally disappeared. However, the interruption of the interference patterns cannot...

Both photon and electron have wave and particle properties. In Double Slit Interference experiment, particle detector can be used to influence the phase angles of particle waves such that the coherency is disturbed and the interference patterns are diminished or even totally disappeared. However, the interruption of the interference patterns cannot...

Einstein’s Special Relativity is based on a postulation that the light speed in vacuum is constant no matter the light sources and observers. Because light speed is very much faster than the speed of light source, it is nearly impossible to measure the light speed on a light source moving at a comparable speed. Since there is no solid proof yet tha...

Einstein’s Special Relativity is based on a postulation that the light speed in vacuum is constant no matter the light sources and observers. Because light speed is very much faster than the speed of light source, it is nearly impossible to measure the light speed on a light source moving at a comparable speed. Since there is no solid proof yet tha...

In Einstein's General Relativity, both space and time are not absolute quantities. They can change with local gravity and become bigger at a massive gravitational field. In addition, Einstein's spacetime (potential energy) is nothing but a property of an object or event which is dependent on the local gravity and can also become bigger at a massive...

In Einstein’s General Relativity, both space and time are not absolute quantities. They can change with local gravity and become bigger at a massive gravitational field. In comparison, based on Yangton and Yington Theory and Principle of Equilibrium, both space (dimension) and time (duration) as the properties of an object or event, are dependent o...

According to Yangton and Yington Theory, all photons and electrons have predetermined quantum energy states (Hidden Variables). During photon polarization and electron magnetic polarization processes, their quantum states (Hidden Variables) can be changed either by adding energy to electron or reducing energy from photon to become a new quantum sta...

Space and Time don’t change. However the dimension and duration of an object or event can change with local gravitational field and aging of the universe of the object or event. Light speed is also dependent on the local gravitational field and aging of the universe. In addition, Light speed observed at the reference point C' is the vector summatio...

All photons and electrons have predetermined quantum states (Hidden Variables). During photon polarization and electron magnetic polarization processes, their quantum states (Hidden Variables) can be changed either by adding energy to electron or reducing energy from photon to become a new quantum states (Field Dependent Hidden Variables). For furt...

Einstein’s special relativity is based on the postulation that light speed is constant no matter the light sources and observers. In addition, he proposed Velocity Time Dilation based on constant light speed. Both of them are wrong. They are only imaginations and pure mathematical definitions. In fact, according to Yangton and Yington Theory, light...

Length Contraction is interpreted by human visual memory instead of Einstein's special relativity. The mechanism of an interactive observation by optical sensor or human eyes is studied. The concept "Same Time" in observation process is explained. As a result, in compliance with human visual memory, length contraction along the object can be recogn...

Length Contraction is interpreted by human visual memory instead of Einstein's special relativity. The mechanism of an interactive observation by optical sensor or human eyes is studied. The concept "Same Time" in observation process is explained. As a result, in compliance with human visual memory, length contraction along the object can be recogn...

Subatomic Equilibrium and Subatomic Properties are proposed as the foundations of Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence and Principle Parallelism. With Wu’s Spacetime Equation, a group of Wu’s Spacetime Theories associated with length, time, velocity and acceleration of Corresponding Identical Objects or Events are derived. Physical...

Wu’s Spacetime Shrinkage Theory is proposed based on aging of the universe in compliance with Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB). Principle of Parallelism is one of key foundations of Wu’s Spacetime Theories. Both Wu’s Spacetime Shrinkage Theory and Principle of Parallelism are used in the derivation of Hubble’s Law without Dark Energy. A...

Subatomic Equilibrium and Subatomic Properties are proposed as the foundations of Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence and Principle Parallelism. With Wu’s Spacetime Equation, a group of Wu’s Spacetime Theories associated with length, time, velocity and acceleration of Corresponding Identical Objects or Events are derived. Physical...

Wu’s Spacetime Shrinkage Theory is proposed based on aging of the universe in compliance with Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB). Principle of Parallelism is one of key foundations of Wu’s Spacetime Theories. Both Wu’s Spacetime Shrinkage Theory and Principle of Parallelism are used in the derivation of Hubble’s Law without Dark Energy. A...

Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence and Principle of Parallelism define the correlation of a property of an object or event to the environment (gravitational field and aging of the universe); the constant correlation between two properties of an object or event in different environments; and the constant correlation between two pr...

Length Contraction is a phenomenon interpreted all along by Einstein’s special relativity. However, it has never been explained explicitly. In this paper, the visual path of the photon traveling from the end of the object to the observer which defines the visual distance (observed by observer’s eyes) between the object and the observer is proved eq...

According to Yangton and Yington Theory, a single beam Redshift can be explained nicely by Principle of Correspondence in which the amount of unit quantity of a corresponding identical object or event remains constant in all equilibrium states. However, a wide spectrum Redshift can only be interpreted by combining both Principle of Correspondence a...

A revised derivation of Hubble’s Law by Wu’s Spacetime Shrinkage Theory is proposed. The methodology of the derivation is discussed in detail. Because that Hubble’s Law can be successfully derived from Wu’s Spacetime Shrinkage Theory, instead of Acceleration Doppler Effect, the expansion of the universe can also be interpreted by Wu’s Spacetime Shr...

The mistake of using Bell’s Inequality in defeating Hidden Variables as a reasonable solution of EPR Paradox is revealed and discussed. Both entangled photon and electron pairs can change their quantum energy states (hidden variables) through a transformation process (polarization or spin measurement) to a new corresponding entangled quantum state...

Antimatter Revolution and Rotation Spins (ARRS) model is proposed for the interpretation of the polarization and entanglement of photons based on Yangton and Yington Theory. Photon Polarization Transformation Diagram is developed to study the polarization transformation of photons. All entangled photon pairs loosing energies through polarization tr...

The mistake of using Bell’s Inequality in defeating Hidden Variables as a reasonable solution of EPR Paradox is revealed and discussed. Both entangled photon and electron pairs can change their quantum energy states (hidden variables) through a transformation process (polarization or spin measurement) to a new corresponding entangled quantum state...

Antimatter Revolution and Rotation Spins (ARRS) model is proposed for the interpretation of the polarization and entanglement of photons based on Yangton and Yington Theory. Photon Polarization Transformation Diagram is developed to study the polarization transformation of photons. All entangled photon pairs loosing energies through polarization tr...

The purpose of this edition is to establish a solid foundation to Yangton and Yington Theory in compliance with General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory. I wish more scientists will join me in the study of Yangton and Yington Theory and hopefully a proof of the existence of Wu’s Pairs can be found in the near future.