Edward Winward

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Verified

Edward verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Senior Research Associate at Loughborough University

Piston surface temperature is an important factor in reducing harmful emissions in modern Gasoline Direct Injection engines. In transient operation, the piston surface temperature can change rapidly, increasing the risk of fuel puddling. The prediction of the piston surface temperature provides the means to significantly improve multiple-pulse fuel...

Transient test cycles are an essential part of the development of both on and off-highway vehicles and machines. These cycles are used to test and validate the dynamic operation and performance of systems, and they also form part of regulations such as Real-world Driving Emissions (RDE). A common approach to generating a transient cycle is to repli...

The appropriate choice of excitation signal in system identification is an important but rarely considered part of the process that determines the success of many downstream activities. This paper presents a novel methodology for excitation signal design to create high accuracy multivariable nonlinear dynamic neuro-fuzzy models. Two different appro...

This paper presents a practical demonstration of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) applied to the variable valve timing system of a 1 litre gasoline direct injection turbocharged engine over a transient manoeuvre. The nonlinear dynamic model utilized in the NMPC controller is a TakagiSugeno Neuro-Fuzzy model. The control problem has been fo...

Skip-firing (or cylinder de-activation) was assessed as a method of sampling CO2 directly in the cylinder at higher speeds than previously possible. CO2 was directly sampled from one cylinder of a 1 L three-cylinder gasoline engine to determine the residual gas fraction (RGF) using a fast response CO/CO2 analyzer. Acquisition of data for similar me...

This paper presents a novel approach to augment existing engine calibrations to deliver improved engine performance during a transient, through the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to the calibration of the Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system of a 1.0 litre gasoline engine. Current mature calibration approaches for the VVT syst...

A 2017 model gasoline Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) has been tested using fast response gas analysers to measure the engine-out and tailpipe NOx, HC, CO and CO2 emissions. Results show fast transient emissions correlated with a number of engine control inputs. The logging of GPS data and dashcam footage allowed for positioning of test resu...

Skip-firing (or cylinder de-activation) was assessed as a method of sampling CO2 from directly in the cylinder at higher speeds than previously possible. CO2 was directly sampled from one cylinder of a 1-litre 3-cylinder gasoline engine to determine the residual gas fraction using a fast response CO/CO2 analyser. Acquisition of data for similar m...

Electrical turbocharger assist is one of the most critical technologies in improving fuel efficiency of conventional powertrain vehicles. However, strong challenges lie in high efficient operations of the device due to its complexity. In this paper, an integrated framework on characterization, control, and testing of the electrical turbocharger ass...

The application of state-of-art thermoelectric generator (TEG) in automotive engine has potential to reduce more than 2% fuel consumption and hence the CO 2 emissions. This figure is expected to be increased to 5%~10% in the near future when new thermoelectric material with higher properties is fabricated. However, in order to maximize the TEG outp...

The electrification of engine components offers significant opportunities for fuel efficiency improvements. The electrified turbocharger is one of the most attractive options since it recovers part of the engine exhaust gas mechanical energy to assist boosting. Therefore, the engine can be downsized through improved transient responsiveness. In the...

This paper presents that the dwell time between two consequent injection pulses of a diesel engine that is equipped with a common rail fuel injection system has big impact on the combustion process. It is because the change of dwell time has influence on the injection pressure for the next injection. This phenomenon was then used in implementing a...

Engine electrification is a critical technology in the promotion of engine fuel efficiency, among which the electrified turbocharger is regarded as the promising solution for its advantages in engine downsizing and exhaust gas energy recovery. By installing electrical devices in the downstream of the turbocharger, the excess energy can be captured,...

The electrification of engine components offers significant opportunities for fuel economy improvements, including the use of an electrified turbocharger for engine downsizing and exhaust gas energy recovery. By installing an electrical device on the turbocharger, the excess energy in the air system can be captured, stored, and re-used. This new co...

In this paper, the control requirement of the air path system of a Heavy Duty (HD) Diesel engine which was equipped with a High Pressure (HP) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), a Variable-Geometry Turbocharger (VGT), and an Electric Turbocharge Assist (ETA) is discussed. A Three-Input-Three-Output (3I3O) multivariable control structure is proposed. T...

An electrically assisted turbocharger was designed, built and tested by a consortium consisting of Caterpillar Inc., BorgWarner Turbo Systems, Imperial College London and Loughborough University. The Electric Turbocharger Assist (ETA) device was based on a BorgWarner BV63 variable turbine geometry (VTG™) turbocharger with a bearing housing that was...

This paper presents some results of an ultra-high-speed switched reluctance motor operating in an electric assisted turbocharger on a diesel engine. The motor controller operates without a shaft-mounted position sensor and work has been undertaken to tune the sensorless algorithm parameters and improve the control stability. A motor model has been...

Engine electrification is a critical technology in the promotion of engine fuel efficiency, among which the electrified turbocharger is regarded as the promising solution in engine downsizing. By installing electrical devices on the turbocharger, the excess energy can be captured, stored, and re-used. The electrified turbocharger consists of a vari...

The intrinsic model accuracy limit of a commonly used Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) mass flow rate model in diesel engine air path control is discussed in this paper. This EGR mass flow rate model is based on the flow of a compressible ideal gas with unchanged specific heat ratio through a restriction cross-area within a duct. A practical identif...

In this paper, the control requirement of the air path system of a Heavy Duty (HD) diesel engine which was equipped with a High Pressure (HP) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), a Variable-Geometry Turbocharger (VGT), and an Electric Turbocharge Assist (ETA) is discussed. A Three-Input-Three-Output (3130) multivariable control structure is proposed. T...

The electrification of engine components offers significant opportunities for fuel economy improvements, including the use of an electrified turbocharger for engine downsizing and exhaust gas energy recovery. By installing an electrical device on the turbocharger, the excess energy in the air system can be captured, stored, and re-used. This new co...

n this paper, a fuzzy-tuned equivalent consumption minimization strategy (F-ECMS) is proposed as an intelligent real-time energy management solution for a conceptual diesel engine-equipped heavy duty hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In the HEV, two electric motors/generators are mounted on the turbocharger shaft and engine shaft, respectively, which...

A full calibration exercise of a diesel engine air path can take months to complete (depending on the number of variables). Model-based calibration approach can speed up the calibration process significantly. This paper discusses the overall calibration process of the air-path of the Cat® C7.1 engine using statistical machine learning tool. The sta...

The turbocharged diesel engine is a typical multi-input multioutput system with strong couplings, actuator constraints, and fast dynamics. This paper addresses the exhaust emission regulation in turbocharged diesel engines using an explicit model predictive control (EMPC) approach, which allows tracking of the time-varying setpoint values generated...

A three-pulse fuel injection mode has been studied by implementing two-input-two-output (2I2O) control of both peak combustion pressure (Pmax) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The engine test results show that at low engine speed, the first main injection duration and the second main injection duration are able to be used to control Pm...

In order to identify predictive models for a diesel engine combustion process, combustion cylinder pressure together with other fuel path variables such as rail pressure, injector current and sleeve pressure of 1000 continuous cycles were sampled and collected at high resolution. Using these engine steady state test data, three types of modeling a...

The turbocharged diesel engine is a typical multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with strong couplings, actuator constraints, and fast dynamics. This paper addresses the air path regulation in turbocharged diesel engines using an explicit model predictive control (EMPC) approach, which allows tracking of the time-varying setpoint values generated...

Most modern diesel engines are equipped with common fuel rail system. The common fuel rail pressure and start of injection are two important fuel path control variables which are needed to be carefully calibrated over all engine operation range. They both have big effects on engine emissions, fuel consumptions and combustion noise performance. Thou...

For diesel engines, fuel path control plays a key role in achieving optimal emissions and fuel economy performance. There are several fuel path parameters that strongly affect the engine performance by changing the combustion process, by modifying for example, start of injection and fuel rail pressure. This is a multi-input multi-output problem. Li...

One of the most critical challenges currently facing the diesel engine industry is how to improve fuel economy under emission regulations. Improvement in fuel economy can be achieved by precisely controlling Air/Fuel ratio and by monitoring fuel consumption in real time. Accurate and repeatable measurements of fuel rate play a critical role in succ...

In modern production diesel engine control systems, fuel path control is still largely conducted through a system of tables that set mode, timing and injection quantity and with common rail systems, rail pressure. In the hands of an experienced team, such systems have proved so far able to meet emissions standards, but they lack the analytical unde...

The recent development of diesel engine fuel injection systems has been dominated by how to manage the degrees of freedom that common rail multi-pulse systems now offer. A number of production engines already use four injection events while in research, work based on up to eight injection events has been reported. It is the degrees of freedom that...

Experimental optimization with hardware in the loop is a common procedure in engineering and has been the subject of intense development, particularly when it is applied to relatively complex combinatorial systems that are not completely understood, or where accurate modelling is not possible owing to the dimensions of the search space. A common so...

The Otto cycle delivers theoretical maximum thermal efficiency. The traditional design of internal combustion engines using a simple slide-crank mechanism gives no time for a constant volume combustion which significantly reduces the cycle efficiency. In this study, using a high torque, high bandwidth, permanent magnet electric drive system attache...

Experimental optimisation with hardware-in-the-loop is a common procedure in engineering, particularly in cases where accurate modelling is not possible. A common methodology to support experimental search is to use one of the many gradient descent methods. However, even sophisticated and proven methodologies such as Simulated Annealing (SA) can be...

An efficient method of reducing edge reflections of flexural waves in plates or bars based on the ‘acoustic black hole effect’ has been recently proposed and described theoretically by one of the present authors (V.V.K). The method utilises a gradual change in thickness of a plate or bar, partly covered by thin damping layers, from the value corres...

The present paper describes the results of the investigation of low and medium frequency vehicle interior noise carried out using simplified structural-acoustic models. Analytical, finite element (FE) and experimental studies are presented and compared. In particular, the analytical approach is based on the formula representing the interior acousti...

The present paper describes the results of the investigation of low and medium frequency vehicle interior noise carried out using simplified structural-acoustic models. Analytical, finite element (FE) and experimental studies are presented and compared. In particular, the analytical approach is based on the formula representing the interior acousti...

A new efficient method of reducing edge reflections of flexural waves in plates or bars based on the 'acoustic black hole effect' has been recently proposed and described theoretically by one of the present authors [1] (see also [2-4]). The method utilises a gradual change in thickness of a plate or bar, partly covered by thin damping layers, from...

The present paper describes the results of finite element analysis of structural vibration modes, interior acoustic modes, and structural-acoustic modes in some simplified models of road vehicles having different levels of complexity, in particular in the QUArter-Scale Interior Cavity Acoustic Rig (QUASICAR) developed in Loughborough University. Al...

The present paper describes the results of the recent research into simplified reduced-scale thin-walled models that can be used for experimental studies of vehicle interior noise. In many important cases such models can be described analytically, thus providing a developer with the effective engineering tools for prediction and mitigation of vehic...

The present paper describes some recent results on the development of simplified reduced-scale models that can be used for experimental studies of vehicle interior noise. The structural simplification of the models is based on understanding the physics of both generation of structural vibrations by vehicle engines or by road irregularities (via sus...

The present paper describes some recent results on the development of simplified reduced-scale models that can be used for experimental studies of vehicle interior noise. In many important cases such simplified structural models can be described analytically, thus providing a developer with the effective engineering tools for prediction and mitigat...