Edward J N Stupple

Edward J N Stupple
University of Derby · Department of Psychology

PhD

About

84
Publications
27,087
Reads
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1,244
Citations
Additional affiliations
January 2019 - present
University of Derby
Position
  • Professor (Associate)
April 2004 - December 2018
University of Derby
Position
  • Professor (Associate)
January 2005 - present
University of Derby

Publications

Publications (84)
Article
Full-text available
When the validity of a deductive conclusion conflicts with its believability people often respond in a belief-biased manner. This study used response times to test the selective processing model, which views belief-bias effects as arising from the interplay between superficial heuristic processes and more rigorous analytic processes. Participants w...
Article
Full-text available
We examined matching bias in syllogistic reasoning by analysing response times, confidence ratings, and individual differences. Roberts’ (2005) “negations paradigm” was used to generate conflict between the surface features of problems and the logical status of conclusions. The experiment replicated matching bias effects in conclusion evaluation (S...
Article
Full-text available
The rationality paradox centers on the observation that people are highly intelligent, yet show evidence of errors and biases in their thinking when measured against normative standards. Elqayam and Evans’ (2011) reject normative standards in the psychological study of thinking, reasoning and deciding in favor of a ‘value-free’ descriptive approach...
Article
Full-text available
Family carers of individuals living with Huntington's disease (HD) manage a distinct and unique series of difficulties arising from the complex nature of HD. This paper presents the validation of the definitive measure of quality of life (QoL) for this group. The Huntington's Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers (HDQoL-C) was expanded (n = 47...
Article
Critical thinking is an important focus in higher education and is essential for good academic achievement. We report the development of a tool to measure critical thinking for three purposes: (i) to evaluate student perceptions and attitudes about critical thinking, (ii) to identify students in need of support to develop their critical thinking, a...
Article
Full-text available
Despite technological advancements, human decision errors still contribute to civil aviation accidents. This study investigated whether flight time, cognitive reflection, task-load, metacognition, and perceived stress predicted decision-making (DM) performance during two in-flight training simulations with 104 commercial pilots at Bogota Internatio...
Article
Full-text available
The Cognitive Mediation Beliefs Questionnaire is a 15-item tool that assesses individuals’ emotion beliefs about the cognitive mediation of emotions. It measures two emotion beliefs: stimulus–response generation beliefs and cognitive mediation change beliefs. This study aimed to reduce the number of items and test the validity of a briefer version...
Article
Background Anaesthetic drug administration is complex, and typical clinical environments can entail significant cognitive load. Colour-coded anaesthetic drug trays have shown promising results for error identification and reducing cognitive load. Methods We used experimental psychology methods to test the potential benefits of colour-coded compart...
Article
We discuss significant challenges to assumptions of exclusivity and highlight methodological and conceptual pitfalls in inferring deliberative processes from reasoning responses. Causes of normative-deliberative gaps are considered (e.g., disputed or misunderstood normative standards, strategy preferences, task interpretations, cognitive ability, m...
Article
Purpose An estimated 1.2 million students gamble, equating to approximately two in every three students. In the UK, university students have reached the legal age to gamble; many have received significant sums of financial support and will be responsible for managing their own finances. Some UK universities have acknowledged that students engage in...
Article
The logical intuition hypothesis proposes a difference in the strength between logical and heuristic intuitions. The labels of logical and heuristic intuitions are exclusive to conventional reasoning research. This paper reports the result of testing intuition strength using the dot-probe methodology in a novel multiplication paradigm. Here, “logic...
Article
Critical thinking (CT) is an essential element of Higher Education and is central to graduate achievement and employability. This study examined the effect of an online CT intervention (developed using dual process and meta-reasoning theoretical frameworks) on Higher Education students’ attitudes about CT and their CT skills. One hundred and forty-...
Article
Full-text available
Background Anaesthetic procedures are complex and subject to human error. Interventions to alleviate medication errors include organised syringe storage trays, but no standardised methods for drug storage have yet been widely implemented. Methods We used experimental psychology methods to explore the potential benefits of colour-coded compartmenta...
Article
Full-text available
Debate surrounds processes of visual recognition, with no consensus as to whether recognition of distinct object categories (faces, bodies, cars, and words) is domain specific or subserved by domain-general visual recognition mechanisms. Here, we investigated correlations between the performance of 74 participants on recognition tasks for words, fa...
Article
Full-text available
Learning and development of critical thinking (CT) skills in higher education is essential for academic achievement. The following experiment is the first to examine the effect of online student’s perceptions and attitudes towards CT across dimensions of confidence, valuing, misconceptions, cognitive reflection, and authors writing. Furthermore, a...
Conference Paper
This paper provides an overview of a project evaluating compartmentalised colour-coded trays for organising and storing anaesthetic syringes. Interviews with consultant anaesthetists and an online error detection experiment to test the trays under secondary cognitive load were conducted. Findings indicated workspace organisation issues in theatre,...
Conference Paper
The efficacy of colour-coded compartmentalised syringe trays: evidence from interviews and eye-tracking. Data Indicated that colour coding and compartmentalisation simplified visual search and speed of error detection
Article
Full-text available
There are many measures available that survey positive and negative emotional indicators of wellbeing in children and adolescents [1]. In fact, our work identifies 98 measures, designed to measure negative self-emotions in youth populations [2]. However, only eight of these measures incorporated a negative self-referential emotion item or subscale;...
Article
Full-text available
The crisis in child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing has prompted the development of school and community-based interventions to tackle negative emotions towards the self. Providing an evidence-base for such interventions is therefore a priority for policy makers and practitioners. This paper presents the first systematic review of self-r...
Preprint
Full-text available
Debate surrounds processes of visual recognition, with no consensus as to whether recognition of distinct object categories (faces, bodies, cars, and words) is domain specific or subserved by domain-general visual recognition mechanisms. Here, we investigated correlations between the performance of 74 participants on recognition tasks for words, fa...
Preprint
Learning and development of critical thinking skills in higher education is essential for academic achievement. The following experiment is first to examine the effect of online student perceptions and attitudes towards critical thinking across dimensions of confidence, valuing, misconceptions cognitive reflection and authors writing. Furthermore,...
Article
Full-text available
Scientists have classed the ongoing decline in biodiversity-caused by humans-as a mass extinction. To mitigate the consequences of this extinction, immediate action is of the utmost importance. However, effective ways of promoting pro-nature conservation behaviours to preserve and enhance biodiversity require better understanding and measurement. T...
Preprint
Full-text available
The planet is facing an anthropogenic mass extinction of wildlife, which will have a grave impact on the environment and humans. Widespread human action is needed to minimize the negative impact of humans on biodiversity and support the restoration of wildlife. In order to find effective ways to promote pro-nature conservation behaviours to the gen...
Article
Full-text available
To systematically examine the role of anticipatory skin conductance responses (aSCRs) in predicting Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance. Secondly, to assess the quality of aSCR evidence for the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) during the IGT. Finally, to evaluate the reliability of current psychophysiological measurements on the IGT. Electronic dat...
Article
Full-text available
Family carers of individuals living with Huntington’s disease (HD) manage a distinct and unique series of difficulties arising from the complex nature of HD. This paper presents the validation of the definitive measure of quality of life (QoL) for this group. The Huntington’s Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers (HDQoL-C) was expanded (n = 47...
Article
Full-text available
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms and a progressing deterioration of cognitive functions. Complex issues resulting from the hereditary nature of HD, the complexity of symptoms and the concealed onset of the disease have a great impact on the quality of life...
Article
Full-text available
Background: 'Pop-up' warning messages have potential as a Responsible Gambling tool, but many warning messages in the literature are generic. The present study simulated digital roulette to compare the effectiveness of expenditure-specific, generic and control messages, during online roulette. Methods: Forty-five casual gamblers participated in...
Article
Full-text available
The present paper presents an overview of contemporary reasoning research to examine the evidence for and implications of the Dual Strategy Model of Reasoning. The Dual Strategy Model of Reasoning proposes that there are two types of reasoning strategy applied in deductive reasoning - counterexample and statistical. The paper considers Mental Model...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Modifying lifestyle risk factors for dementia is a public health priority. Motivation for change is integral to the modification of health risk behaviours. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the previously validated tool entitled ‘Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviours for Dementia Risk Reduction Scale’...
Article
Full-text available
Social networking sites (SNSs) have become ubiquitous in our everyday lives, and for all its communicative benefits, excessive SNS use has been associated with a range of negative health implications. In the present study, the authors use eye-tracking methodology to explore the relationship between individual differences in personality, mental well...
Article
Tests of the principles of dual process theory are typically conducted in the reasoning and judgement/decision-making literature. The present study explores dual process explanations with a new paradigm – the Embedded Chinese Character Task (ECCT). The beauty of this task is that it allows the contrast of automatic and deliberate processes without...
Article
Full-text available
Stress pervades everyday life and impedes risky decision making. The following experiment is the first to examine effects of stress on risky decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), while measuring inspection time and conscious awareness of deck contingencies. This was original as it allowed a fine grained rigorous analysis of the way that...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Background: Social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have become synonymous with daily life activities with more than one billion people using them daily (Andreassen, Torsheim, & Pallesen, 2014; Ellison, 2007). Social networking site use has been found to be potentially addictive and can result in negative consequence...
Article
Full-text available
The electrophysiological correlates of experiencing novelty in creative advertising were studied in 28 healthy subjects using event-related potentials. Participants viewed images that were difficult to interpret until a description was presented providing either a creative description (CD) featuring an unexpected description of the image based on t...
Article
Full-text available
The asymmetry of autonomic arousal for potential losses and gains was assessed by the galvanic skin response (GSR) of participants playing classic and inverted versions of the Monty Hall problem (MHP). In both versions, the prize remained the same (a pen valued at £10 for the right answer), but in the modified version, prizes were received prior to...
Article
Full-text available
The asymmetry of autonomic arousal for potential losses and gains was assessed by the galvanic skin response (GSR) of participants playing classic and inverted versions of the Monty Hall problem (MHP). In both versions, the prize remained the same (a pen valued at £10 for the right answer), but in the modified version, prizes were received prior to...
Data
S2 Table shows the crude data on skin conductance of each participants in the inverted version of the MHG. (XLSX)
Data
S3 Table shows the normalized means of skin conductance of each participants in the classical and inverted version of the MHG. (XLSX)
Data
S1 Table shows the crude data on skin conductance of each participants in the classical version of the MHG. (XLSX)
Article
Full-text available
We report a study examining the role of ‘cognitive miserliness’ as a determinant of poor performance on the standard three-item Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). The cognitive miserliness hypothesis proposes that people often respond incorrectly on CRT items because of an unwillingness to go beyond default, heuristic processing and invest time and e...
Conference Paper
This presentation describes two studies that addressed this question from the point of view of Authorial Identity, which is how writers see themselves as authors, and how they approach their writing. Having a strong authorial identity should protect students from accidental plagiarism. One study used data from 745 UK university students to produce...
Chapter
Full-text available
and emotional factors. As the primary test-bed for the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was devised to examine these factors. Skin conductance evidence has shown anticipatory physiological responses to the deck contingencies which supports SMH. However, skin conductance is not without limitations and pupil dilation is a...
Article
One approach to plagiarism prevention focuses on improving students' authorial identity, but work in this area depends on robust measures. This paper presents the development of a psychometrically robust measure of authorial identity – the Student Attitudes and Beliefs about Authorship Scale. In the item generation phase, a pool of items was develo...
Article
Research on authorial identity has focused almost exclusively on the attitudes and beliefs of students. This paper explores how academics understand authorial identity in higher education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional academics and analysed using thematic analysis, identifying themes at two levels. At the semantic lev...
Article
Full-text available
Stressful situations hinder judgement. Effects of stress induced by anticipated public speaking on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) were examined. The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) was used to examine the relationship between reflective thinking and IGT performance. The stress manipulation increased blood pressure and was associated with poorer IGT a...
Article
Full-text available
The recruitment of Graduates into the nursing profession is seen as advantageous in the academic literature. Conversely educated nurses are often portrayed in the media as “too posh to wash”. We would argue these conflicting discourses have a negative effect on graduate entry nurse education. Graduate nursing students may be particularly susceptibl...
Article
Full-text available
The transition shock sometimes associated with moving from student to registered nurse can lead to feelings of self-doubt and insecurity especially with the increased expectations and responsibilities that registration brings. Known as Imposter Phenomena, individuals often express a lack of self-confidence, uncertainty in their abilities or that ot...
Chapter
Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision makin...
Book
Full-text available
This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship bet...
Article
Full-text available
Many complex work environments rely heavily on cognitive operators using rules. Operators sometimes fail to implement rules, with catastrophic human, social and economic costs. Rule-based error is widely reported, yet the mechanisms of rule vulnerability have received less attention. This paper examines rule vulnerability in the complex setting of...
Article
Full-text available
Dual-process theories propose two types of cognitive process – Type 1 heuristic processing and Type 2 analytic processing – that underlie belief biased reasoning. Previous studies have shown neural correlates of these types of processing, but the effect of logical training on neural activation in belief bias remains unclear. Functional Magnetic Res...
Article
Full-text available
This qualitative study of understandings of critical thinking in higher education aimed to identify themes that could help to demystify critical thinking and inform its more explicit incorporation in the psychology curriculum. Data collected from focus groups with 26 undergraduate psychology students and individual semi-structured interviews with f...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Existing research suggests that family caregivers of persons with Huntington's disease (HD) face a distinct series of problems, linked to the complex nature of the disease. Aubeeluck and Buchanan (Clin Genet, 71(5):434-445, 2007) developed and validated a disease-specific measure used to explore caregivers quality of life and assess th...
Article
Full-text available
Belief bias is the tendency to accept conclusions that are compatible with existing beliefs more frequently than those that contradict beliefs. It is one of the most replicated behavioral findings in the reasoning literature. Recently, neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) have p...
Article
Full-text available
Existing research suggests that family caregivers of persons with Huntington's disease face a unique series of problems, linked to the complex nature of the disease. There is little research that explicitly investigates the impact of HD on the quality of life (QoL) of the family caregiver. The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of lif...
Article
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited progressive dementia that causes movement abnormalities alongside cognitive and behavioural disturbances (Bates et al. 2002). There is no cure for HD, with the treatments available being purely palliative or purely experimental and death occurring on average 15-17 years after onset (Harper, 1996). Existing...
Article
Full-text available
We applaud many aspects of Elqayam & Evans' (E&E's) call for a descriptivist research programme in studying reasoning. Nevertheless, we contend that normative benchmarks are vital for understanding individual differences in performance. We argue that the presence of normative responses to particular problems by certain individuals should inspire re...
Article
Full-text available
Mercier & Sperber (M&S) claim that the phenomenon of belief bias - which they consider to be an archetypal manifestation of a general confirmation bias in human reasoning - provides fundamental support for their argumentative theory and its basis in intuitive judgement. We propose that chronometric evidence necessitates a more nuanced account of be...
Article
The current research examined understandings and perceptions of critical thinking and aimed to develop a tool to measure critical thinking and supplement the development of critical thinking skills. Two studies were conducted. The first entailed six focus groups with (26) students and four interviews with staff to explore conceptualisations of crit...
Article
Full-text available
An experiment utilizing response time measures was conducted to test dominant processing strategies in syllogistic reasoning with the expanded quantifier set proposed by Roberts (2005). Through adding negations to existing quantifiers it is possible to change problem surface features without altering logical validity. Biases based on surface featur...
Article
Full-text available
An experiment is reported examining dual-process models of belief bias in syllogistic reasoning using a problem complexity manipulation and an inspection-time method to monitor processing latencies for premises and conclusions. Endorsement rates indicated increased belief bias on complex problems, a finding that runs counter to the ‘‘belief-first’’...
Thesis
Full-text available
Theories of syllogistic inference have tended to propose different fundamental deductive mechanisms, but it has been argued by some (e.g., Stenning, 2002) that existing data cannot distinguish between competing theoretical approaches, whilst others have proposed that reasoning strategies and processes are flexible and non-deterministic (e.g., Rober...
Article
Full-text available
Robust biases have been found in syllogistic reasoning that relate to the figure of premises and to the directionality of terms in given conclusions. Mental models theorists (e.g., Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) have explained figural bias by assuming that reasoners can more readily form integrated models of premises when their middle terms are conti...
Article
Full-text available
Two experiments are reported that tested core assumptions of the mental models theory of syllogistic inference (e.g., Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) by examining inspection times for syllogistic components. Results supported mental models predictions of: (1) increased cognitive load across syllogistic figures, with differences in processing demand ar...

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