Edward Schaefer

• Ed.D.
• Professor Emeritus at Ochanomizu University

Bio Daniel R. Isbell is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Second Language Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where he teaches courses and supervises MA and PhD students in language assessment. He serves on the the editorial boards of the journals Language Testing and TESOL Quarterly. His primary research interest is language a...

In a previous study (Schaefer, 2008), I used Many Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) to explore rater bias patterns in NES ratings of Japanese university students’ English essays. MFRM was performed with 40 student essays and 40 raters rating all the essays. Twenty-four raters showed significant rater-category bias, with 57 significant bias interaction...

Rater effects in performance testing is an area in which much new research is needed (Myford, personal communication, 23 February, 2010). While previous studies of bias or interaction effect as a component of rater effect have employed experienced teachers as raters (e.g., Schaefer, 2008), the present study uses many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM)...

The present study employed multi-faceted Rasch measurement (MFRM) to explore the rater bias patterns of native English-speaker (NES) raters when they rate EFL essays. Forty NES raters rated 40 essays written by female Japanese university students on a single topic adapted from the TOEFL Test of Written English (TWE). The essays were assessed using...

Trevor G. Bond is head of the Department of Psychology, Counselling, and Learning Needs at the Hong Kong Institute of Education, and was formerly a senior faculty member of the School of Education at James Cook University in Australia. He has a Ph.D. in developmental psychology. Along with Christine Fox, he coauthored the popular introduction to Ra...