Edward S. Herold

University of Guelph | UOGuelph · Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition

One area in which a change in women’s sexual behavior has been observed is in the growing number of women who are having erotic photographs taken of themselves by professional photographers. The current research is an attempt to learn more about this unstudied phenomenon. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 women who have ha...

There has been limited research on women who are highly sexual. This study sought to identify the specific sexual attitudes and behaviours that characterize highly sexual women in comparison to less sexual women. A final sample of 932 heterosexual women completed an online questionnaire based on 11 multi-item clustering variables of interest (sex d...

The extensive research on date rape attitudes and experiences has left sexual consent itself largely unexamined. The objective of this study was to develop a measure to assess women’s and men’s attitudes and behaviors regarding sexual consent. Using both focus groups (N = 18) and a mail survey (N = 514) of undergraduate students at a Canadian unive...

While it is common for gender to be included as a predictor variable in studies of sexuality, this is not the case for other demographic variables. This study examined the predictive value of gender, along with other demographic variables, including age, marital status, education, religiosity, and geographic region using data from a national survey...

Triandis' theory of interpersonal behavior was used to analyze factors related to condom use among Canadian spring-break vacationers in Daytona Beach, Florida, who had engaged in coital activity with existing relationship partners (N= 46) or casual partners (N= 121). Intention to use condoms explained 36% of the variance in condom use with relation...

This study analyzed attitudes toward and the use of sexually overt approach behaviours (SOAB) in the context of singles bars. Naturalistic observations in five Ontario bars were conducted to obtain examples of the types of SOABs occurring there. Additionally, university women (N = 155) ranging in age from 18 to 28 (M = 19.4) were surveyed to measur...

This study examined Canadian attitudes toward the acceptability of women being topless in three different contexts: at public beaches, in public parks, and on city streets. It evaluated the predictive value of several demographic variables (gender, age, education, religiosity, marital status, and region of Canada) in explaining attitudes toward top...

Consent is a key issue in defining sexual coercion yet few researchers have analyzed sexual consent attitudes and behaviors and, to date, there has been no published research examining sexual consent within same-sex relationships. The main objective of this study was to identify which behaviors people use to ask for and to indicate sexual consent t...

This study at a Canadian university explored student’s beliefs about sexual consent policy and sexual consent negotiations. One of the most publicized policies regarding sexual consent was developed by Antioch College in Ohio. Antioch’s policy is controversial because it prescribes how sexual consent should be negotiated, including verbal consent a...

This study of the casual sexual partnering of 570 male and 776 female Australian high school students on a schoolies week vacation expands on earlier research on factors that influence the sexual activity of vacationing youth. Over 60% of the men and nearly 40% of the women who engaged in sexual intercourse during schoolies week did so with a casua...

Twenty-two female, heterosexual, undergraduate students were interviewed about the health protective sexual communication (HPSC) that did or did not occur with their most recent sexual partner prior to first intercourse. The narratives derived from this qualitative study provided insight into the content and extent of HPSC occurring prior to interc...

Previous studies of female tourists and beach boys in the Caribbean have defined these relationships as involving either sex or romance tourism. The objective of this study was to determine which of these definitions was more applicable to relationships in the Dominican Republic. Male and female tourists as well as beach boys and female sex workers...

This study analyzes the prevalence of the sexual double standard using a diversity of measures. It distinguishes between the perception of the double standard at the societal level and one's personal acceptance of it. Young people (N = 413), ranging in age from 18 to 28, from three university classes and two community-based dating bars in Canada we...

Our objectives were to delineate important measurement issues involved in the study of casual sex and to determine women's motivations for engaging or not engaging in casual sex. Four different measures of casual sex were used with a Canadian university sample of 230 women. Thirteen percent reported having experienced sexual intercourse with someon...

Conflicting research findings regarding the sexual double standard have led to much debate over its existence in North American society. Using a diversity of measures, 165 women at a Canadian university were surveyed to determine their perceptions and behaviors regarding the sexual double standard. The normative belief that men are rewarded for hav...

Many researchers have attempted to discover what types of men women consider most desirable for relationship partners. This study investigated university women's (N = 165) perceptions of "nice guys," specifically whether women perceived nice guys to be more or less sexually successful than guys who are considered not nice. Both quantitative and qua...

Triandis' theory of interpersonal behavior was used to analyze factors related to condom use among Canadian spring-break vacationers in Daytona Beach, Florida, who had engaged in coital activity with existing relationship partners (N = 46) or casual partners (N = 121). Intention to use condoms explained 36% of the variance in condom use with relati...

Using Triandis's theory of interpersonal behavior, we analyzed factors related to casual sex among Canadian university students on a spring break vacation. Two samples were obtained: 151 students completed a questionnaire before a spring break trip to Daytona Beach, Florida and 681 completed a questionnaire during or immediately following the vacat...

The objective of this study was to test the usefulness of the Triandis model of interpersonal behavior for explaining the formation of intentions to engage in casual sex (i.e. the likelihood that the respondent would, when they were out to have a good time, have sex with someone he or she had just met). Data were collected from 305 university stude...

Although there has been considerable research about self-disclosure, there has been a lack of research regarding disclosure of sexual topics. In order to increase our understanding of sexual self-disclosure (SSD), a scale was developed to measure SSD, and 10 variables were tested as predictors of SSD. The subjects were 203 unmarried university fema...

In this study, we wanted to explore issues which would provide more insight into the topic of women and SEM than had been presented in previous research. Specifically, we wanted to examine women's attitudes about using SEM in a variety of contexts; the specific types of SEM women use most frequently; the reasons women give for using or not using SE...

Sexuality educators have always had to face issues not typically encountered by those teaching other subjects. Over the past 25 years, the general social climate at colleges and universities has been supportive of sexuality education and has had a role in shaping sexuality courses. However, contemporary higher education and the sociopolitical clima...

This study used scripting theory to examine the sexual behaviour of Canadian university students on spring break in Daytona Beach, Florida. Analyses are based on focus groups, interviews, on-site observations and surveys conducted both before (N = 151) and during or immediately following (N = 681) spring break. Exploratory and confirmatory factor a...

This exploratory study purposely surveyed women who have been generally ignored in most sexuality research, namely those whose sexual experience and interest are above the norm. The objective was to analyze the relationship between their ranking of the importance of sex in their lives and (a) their sexual permissiveness, (b) their sexual desire, an...

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Scripting theory was used to develop a psychosocial understanding of female topless behavior on Australian public beaches. The major objectives of this exploratory study were to (a) obtain descriptive data about female topless behavior and (b) determine predictor variables of female topless behavior. Female psychology students (N = 116) attending M...

Men (n = 83) and women (n = 86) at nine dating bars in Ontario, Canada, were surveyed to determine gender differences in self‐reported casual sex and AIDS‐prevention behavior. Data analysis focused on 169 bar patrons who had experienced sexual intercourse. More men than women had some experience with casual sex. The women had as many sexual partner...

PIP Tourists traveling internationally lower their inhibitions and take greater risks than they would typically in their home cultures. Loneliness, boredom, and a sense of freedom contribute to this behavioral change. Some tourists travel internationally in search of sexual gratification. This motivation may be actively conscious or subconscious to...

The objective of this research was to study parents' attitudes toward AIDS education in schools. Questionnaires were mailed to employees in an industrial plant and a hospital in a city of 150,000 in Ontario, Canada. Two hundred and sixteen questionnaires from parents with children in schools were analyzed. Two thirds of the parents agreed that AIDS...

The prevention of unwanted pregnancy and STD/AIDS are two major goals of health educators. Usually these are discussed as separate goals. In this paper both of these health concerns are presented from a behavioural preventive perspective. Our objective is to outline the essential components to be used by health educators in school-based sex educati...

This survey of 130 mothers of school children in grades 6, 9 and 12 in a school district in Ontario, Canada, found that most supported the teaching of sex education but were divided about which values should be taught. Whereas more than half disapproved of premarital sex, only one-third believed that an important objective of sex education should b...

The objective of this study was to compare health care professionals' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices in providing sexual counselling to physically handicapped patients. Two hundred and twenty-six physicians, registered nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists completed mailed questionnaires. Physicians obtained the highest...

This study examined the characteristics and attitudes of 132 married couples who had received training in use of the symptothermal method of natural family planning (NFP). 61% of respondents were 20-30 years of age and over 2/3 had completed college; 59% were Catholic. The largest group of subjects (35%) became aware of NFP through friends, neighbo...

Little research has been done on social-psychological variables related to the use of natural family planning. The objective of this study was to analyze variables that differentiated between continuers and discontinuers of natural family planning (NFP). Questionnaires were obtained from couples who had received instruction in the sympto-thermal me...

The objectives were to develop a multivariate model of predictors for oral-genital sexual behavior and to study patterns of disclosure regarding oral sex. Data were obtained from a nonrandom sample of 203 unmarried university females ranging in age from 18 to 22 with a mean age of 19.8. Sixty-one percent of the subjects had performed oral sex on th...

The objective of this discussion is to show how the Health Belief Model (HBM) can be applied to family planning in general, and in particular to the use or nonuse of contraception among sexually active young females. Katatsky has argued that the HBM should be used to guide family planning research, but the shortcoming of her article is that she fai...

The objective of this paper is to go beyond the general statement that the Health Belief Model be applied to family planning research. It will show specifically how the major concepts of the model can be applied to family planning in general, and in particular to the use or non-use of contraception among sexually active young females. The paper als...

In this investigation path analysis was used to develop an explanatory model of contraceptive use among young single women. Comparisons are made with the initial path model developed by Thompson and Spanier (1978). Self‐administered questionnaires were completed by a nonprobability sample of 33 high school and 211 college never‐married women who ha...

The study objectives were to determine the following: factors which might affect abortion attitudes and intentions; whether women having more permissive attitudes regarding abortion are more or less likely to use contraception; whether women who indicate they would actually intend to have an abortion if pregnant are more or less likely to use contr...

By analyzing reasons given by virgin women for not engaging in premarital coitus, we can attain greater insight into the decision-making process involved in maintaining virginity as well as in the transition to nonvirginity. Among virgin women, there is a subgroup who are likely to have premarital coitus if they should meet the right person. On the...

Using a parallel groups format with university females, different results were obtained with perceived rather than computed change measures. Subjects were classified into three groups according to their sexual and contraceptive experience. With computed change measures, no significant attitudinal changes were found when subjects (N = 91) viewed a b...

The purpose of this paper was to determine factors predictive of contraceptive embarrassment and to determine the relationship of contraceptive embarrassment to contraceptive use among young unmarried females. Contraceptive embarrassment was measured by an 8 item scale. Data were obtained from 265 nonvirgin high school and university females who we...

Most researchers studying premarital sexual behavior have focused on virgins and nonvirgins as distinct entities and have generally ignored important subgroups. Using data obtained from 514 single high school and college women, this study analyzed variables differentiating among adamant virgins, potential nonvirgins and nonvirgins. Adamant virgins...

The relationship between premarital sexual guilt and contraceptive attitudes and behavior, including reasons for non-use of contraception, were obtained for 355 sexually active single women ages 13-20 attending 10 birth control centres in Ontario. Significant relationships were found between premarital sexual guilt and type of contraceptive method...

The objective of this study was to determine how research findings on contraceptive use among young single women are affected by differing operational definitions of contraceptive use. Data were analyzed from a student sample and a clinic sample. In the analysis of the student sample were 244 high school and college women aged 16–22 who had experie...

Predictors of premarital sexual guilt at both first and current sexual intercourse were obtained for 355 13–20 yr old sexually active single women attending 10 birth control centers. Guilt was assessed as an episodic emotion rather than as a personality disposition. Results show that the best model for predicting guilt at first intercourse containe...

Because attitudes toward side effects strongly influence the use of these drugs, the authors investigated the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls about their side effects.

2 groups were selected from a larger study of family planning clients in Ontario in 1976. 1 consisted of 48 women who had not yet had intercourse but had come to a clinic to obtain a precription for oral contraception. The 2nd comprised 183 women who were already sexually experienced and were seeking a prescription. The women were aged between 13 a...

Sexual and contraceptive attitudes and practices were assessed for 486 single females aged 13-20, attending ten birth control centres in Ontario. At last intercourse, 28% were not using any contraception and only 33% reported they had used contraceptives all of the time. Younger adolescents were less likely than older ones to have used effective me...

A semantic differential scale was developed to measure attitudes toward using birth control pills and was administered to 486 adolescent females attending birth control and counselling centers. A factor analysis yielded three dimensions which were labelled Effectiveness, Safety, and Anxiety. These dimensions were found to be reliable and to differe...

The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between sexual experience and sexual and contraceptive attitudinal responses to a birth control film. A questionnaire was administered immediately before and after showing a birth control film to 103 college females. Subjects were classified into three groups according to their sexual a...

Assessed the relationship between self-esteem and sexual permissiveness for 486 single females aged 13--20 who were attending 10 birth control centers in Ontario. Consistent with Stratton and Spitzer's social deviance model, which predicts that the nature of the permissiveness/self-esteem relationship is dependent on cultural norms, in this liberal...

To investigate the claim that vitamin E can affect human sexual functioning, 1000-IU vitamin E capsules (alpha-tocopherol) were administered daily for 28 days in a double-blind placebo study. Thirty-five subjects in this pilot study reported daily responses to questionnaires on sexual arousal and behavior. No differences in sexual arousal or behavi...

Reasons for attending a birth-control clinic, factors influencing clinic attendance, and sources of birth-control information were assessed for 486 adolescent females attending birth-control clinics in Ontario. A key factor in the decision to go to the clinic was the desire not to inform parents of their sexual activity. The subjects were three tim...

To determine the status of the teaching of sex education in Ontario, a mailed questionnaire was sent to teachers of home economics, guidance and physical education in the public secondary schools of Ontario. The 65% response rate resulted in the return of 1,049 questionnaires. This paper reports on the difficulties encountered by teachers of sex ed...

The author wished to determine the effect of selected variables on dating adjustment. Questionnaires were administered to 200 males and 130 females in introductory social science classes at a midwestern university. The results of stepwise regression indicated that the variables of frequency, commitment, and age of initial dating were the strongest...

The relationships between locus of control, self-esteem, and attitudes to contraception and contraceptive behaviors were assessed for 486 single women of ages 13 to 20, attending 10 birth control centers in Southern Ontario, Canada. The Ss voluntarily filled out a questionnaire, and the data were measured with the Fatalism scale of Reid and Ware's...

The objective of this study was to obtain information on sexual offenses against females. Data were obtained from 103 females in two university classes. Eighty-four percent reported having been the victim of a sexual offense. The offenses experienced were obscene telephone calls (61%), sexual molestation (44%), exhibitionism (27%), being followed (...

The sexual and contraceptive attitudes and behaviour of 106 high school and 447 university and college females were surveyed. Most accepted the sexual standard of permissiveness with affection. Fifty-five percent of the college females and 33% of the high school females had experienced intercourse. Of these, one-third of the high school sample and...

In order to help improve the effectiveness of birth control education programs, a film "It Couldn't Happen to Me" was produced focusing on the psychological motives involved in the non-use of birth control among teenagers. Preliminary evaluation of the film took place with five sample groups: high school students, university students, nursing stude...

The attitudes of 200 nurses and nursing students in Southwestern Ontario toward the provision of contraceptive services to youth and related issues were surveyed. Although strong support was found for providing contraceptive services, one-half of the respondents indicated they did not feel adequately trained to work in the area of contraception and...

In recent years professional health organizations have increasingly recognized the need to provide contraceptive educational services to youth. A survey of students and faculty in nursing schools in the United States found 75% agreeing that family planning education should be given to anyone who deserves it (Shea et al., 1973). Although there has b...

Sexual references in six mass circulation magazines of 1963 and 1973 were examined in relation to the topics of sexual functioning, sex roles, sexual problems, and premarital extra-marital intercourse. Changes toward both greater explicitness in the discussion of these topics and more liberal views concerning premarital sex were found.

The objective of this study was to examine the content of family life education programs from the perspective of secondary public school students in Wellington County. Data were collected in March, 1972 by means of a questionnaire administered to 90 intermediate (grade 10) and 89 senior (grades 12 and 13) students at two secondary public schools in...

Serum apolipoprotein concentrations were measured by the Laurell quantitative immunoelectrophoresis (rocket) technique. Sera of control rats were compared to sera from rats with sucrose induced hyperlipidemia. In the latter, the concentrations of the apolipoprotein C, A-IV (46,000 mol wt), and 'arginine rich' (35,000 mol wt) increased. However, the...

Four senior female students presented a series of four seminars in human sexuality to freshmen coeds living in a university residence hall. The seminar topics were (1) petting and intercourse, (2) masturbation, (3) venereal disease and problematic sexual behavior, and (4) abortion and sterilization. Improvement in knowledge was determined by pre- a...

organize key findings [on adolescent sexual behaviors] from the literature over the past 2 decades / this will involve making a clear distinction between trends in social perceptions and behaviors and factors associated with adolescent sexual development / begin by outlining the trends in sexual behaviors, values, and research emphases over the pas...