Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson

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• Doctor of Public Health
• Researcher at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Objetivo. Estimar os custos atribuíveis a hipertensão arterial, diabetes e obesidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil em 2018. Métodos. Realizou-se uma estimativa dos custos atribuíveis a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis a partir dos riscos relativos e das prevalências populacionais de hipertensão, diabetes e obesidade, considerando cus...

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the main cause of death among non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, and they have a high economic impact on health systems. Most populations around the world, including Brazilians, consume excessive sodium, which increases blood pressure and the risk of CVDs. Objective To model the estima...

Background Excessive sodium consumption is one of the leading dietary risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), mediated by high blood pressure. Brazil has implemented voluntary sodium reduction targets with food industries since 2011. This study aimed to analyse the potential health and economic impact of...

Abstract Introduction Ultraprocessed foods are becoming dominant in the global food supply. Prospective cohort studies have consistently found an association between high consumption of ultraprocessed foods and increased risk of several noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. The study aimed to (1) estimate the risk of all-cause mortality...

Introduction Childhood obesity is a major global public health issue globally and in Brazil. The impacts of childhood obesity include higher risk of disease during childhood and of obesity and non-communicable diseases in adulthood and represent an important epidemiological and economic burden to countries. This study aims to analyze the trends and...

Study on the estimation of the direct and indirect costs attributable to the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Brazil

Introduction Childhood obesity is a major global public health issue globally and in Brazil. The impacts of childhood obesity include higher risk of disease during childhood and of obesity and non-communicable diseases in adulthood and represent an important epidemiological and economic burden to countries. Methods This study is based on the modeli...

Objectives: The prevalence of overweight increases the risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and, consequently, the costs of health care systems. In this study, we aimed to project the economic burden of NCDs attributable to overweight in Brazil between 2021 and 2030. Methods: A cohort simulation of adults (17e117 years) using multistate...

Excessive sodium intake is a major global public health issue and the identification of dietary sources and temporal trends in its consumption are a key to effective sodium reduction policies. This study aims to update estimates of sodium intake and its dietary sources in Brazil according to the NOVA food classification system. Records of 7-day foo...

Objective This study aims to estimate the epidemiological burden of excessive salt intake reduction and achieve the World Health Organization salt reduction target for 2025 in Paraguay, in 2019. Methods We used the Preventable Risk Integrated Model, a comparative risk assessment macro-simulation model, to estimate the averted deaths, disease incid...

Background High dietary sodium is the main dietary risk factor for non-communicable diseases due to its impact on cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. The Government of Canada has taken measures to reduce average dietary sodium intakes, such as setting voluntary sodium reduction targets for packaged foods and recently appro...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of anthropometric data of children recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) from 2008 to 2017. METHOD Descriptive study on the quality of anthropometric data of children under five years of age admitted in primary care services of the Unified Health System, from the individual databases of S...

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are becoming dominant in the global food and supply. Prospective cohort studies have found an association between UPF dietary pattern and increased risk of several non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. In this study, we (1) estimated the risk of all-cause mortality associated for each 10% increa...

Rationale Intake of sugary beverages has been associated with obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases, thereby increasing the direct health costs related to these diseases. Front-of-package nutrition labeling (FoPNL) aims to help consumers understand food composition, thereby improving food choices and preventing the development of such disea...

Introduction Childhood obesity is a major global public health issue globally and in Brazil. The impacts of childhood obesity include higher risk of disease during childhood and of obesity and non-communicable diseases in adulthood and represent an important epidemiological and economic burden to countries. Methods This study is based on the model...

Background Previous studies have quantified the current burden of diseases attributable to overweight in Chile. However, no study has estimated the attributable burden of overweight in the future. Herein, we estimated the potential impact of different trajectories in the prevalence of overweight on the incidence and mortality from non-communicable...

Background Dietary risk factors have an important impact on premature deaths and disabilities due to non-communicable diseases. In this study, we perform diet optimization to design different dietary scenarios taking into account food prices and preferences and evaluate the number of deaths that would be prevented as well as the economic burden and...

Objective: To describe the time trends and socioeconomic inequalities in infant and young child feeding practices in accordance with the Brazilian deprivation index (BDI). Design: This time-series study analysed the prevalence of multiple breastfeeding and complementary feeding indicators based on data from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surve...

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Mexico, while high blood pressure is suffered by about half of the adult population. Sodium intake is one of the main risk factors for these diseases. The Mexican adult population consumes about 3.1 g/day, an amount that exceeds what is recommended by the World Health Org...

Purpose of Review High-sodium intake is a main risk factor for increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Reducing sodium intake at the population level is one of the most cost-effective strategies to address this. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis are to examine data from rec...

Purpose of review: High-sodium intake is a main risk factor for increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Reducing sodium intake at the population level is one of the most cost-effective strategies to address this. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis are to examine data from re...

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the second leading cause of total deaths in Canada. High blood pressure is the main metabolic risk factor for developing CVDs. It has been well established that excess consumption of sodium adversely affects blood pressure. Canadians’ mean sodium intakes are well above recommended levels. Reducing dieta...

Assegurar à população os direitos constitucionais de alimentação e nutrição é ainda um grande desafio no Brasil, onde coexistem problemas nutricionais relacionados a sobrepeso e obesidade, fome e desnutrição e carências nutricionais específicas – cenário agravado durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A fim de demonstrar o quanto a avaliação favorece o ap...

Excessive salt and sodium intake are strongly associated with high blood pressure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure in turn is the main risk factor for the global burden of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of this disease in the adult population of Costa Rica in 2018 was 37.2%. Costa Rica has limited informati...

Despite the global tendency of maternal anaemia to decline, the persistence of anaemia in Brazil is an important health problem given its vulnerability to deficiencies and the significant increase in nutritional requirements during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in Brazilian pregnant women through a syste...

Atualmente, os padrões alimentares dominados por alimentos ultraprocessados têm gradualmente substituído as dietas tradicionais, levando a impactos negativos sobre a saúde, a segurança alimentar e o meio ambiente. As transformações nesses padrões alimentares podem sofrer maior ou menor resistência na medida em que a cultura alimentar esteja preserv...

Although studies have quantified the current burden of diseases attributable to overweight and obesity in Brazil, none have estimated its burden in the future. The study aimed to estimate the potential impact of different scenarios of changes in the prevalence of overweight on non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the Brazilian adult population until...

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Mexico, while high blood pressure is suffered by about half of the adult population. Sodium intake is one of the main risk factors for these diseases. The Mexican adult population consumes about 3.1 g/day, an amount that exceeds what is recommended by the World Health Org...

Introduction Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to estimate CVD premature deaths, incident cases, and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to the consumption of UPF in Brazilian adults in 2019. Methods A validated a comparative risk assessment mo...

Introduction Ultraprocessed foods have been associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer as well as all-cause mortality. The study aimed to estimate premature deaths attributable to the consumption of ultraprocessed food in Brazil. Methods A comparative risk assessment model wa...

Introduction The consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA) is directly associated with cardiovascular disease risk and is responsible for a significant health burden globally. The policy strategies for reducing TFA include limiting their content in foods and eliminating partially hydrogenated oils (PHO) in the market. This study aims to describe a com...

Background Salt consumption is a major risk factor for high blood pressure and thus cardiovascular diseases (CVD), yet most countries in the world consume excessive salt. In Brazil, salt reduction policies currently include only voluntary sodium targets and communication strategies. This study aims to quantify the potential health and economic impa...

Dia 07 de junho de 2002 foi comemorado o Dia Mundial da Segurança de Alimentos (World Food Safety Day) com o lema “Alimentos seguros, mais saúde” para relacionar a segurança dos alimentos à saúde humana, desenvolvimento econômico, agricultura, acesso a mercados, turismo e desenvolvimento sustentável.34 Neste evento duas estratégias foram afirmadas:...

O reconhecimento das dimensões sustentabilidade, resiliência e da inclusão dos sistemas alimentares globais para tornar a vida humana e a do planeta viáveis orienta a elaboração deste informe. O que tem sido apontado nas recomendações da FAO e do WFP para atingir a meta do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de acabar com a fome no mundo e prom...

Background/Objectives Iodine deficiency in pregnant women is related to impaired foetal growth and development. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnant women from different regions of the world. Subjects/Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis...

Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis correspondem à principal causa de morte no mundo e têm a alimentação inadequada como um de seus principais fatores de risco modificáveis, destacando-se o consumo excessivo de sódio e sua associação com doenças cardiovasculares, mediadas pela pressão arterial. Este estudo avaliou o impacto de diferentes cenários d...

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é sistematizar as ações de alimentação e nutrição desen-volvidas na atenção primária à saúde (APS), de 1999 a 2019, identificando os avanços no período e perspectivas atuais. É uma pesquisa qualitativa rea-lizada baseando-se na análise de documentos publicados entre 1999 e 2020, disponíveis em bases de dados científicos...

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in children and associated risk factors. Design: Analysis of data from a cross-sectional multicenter study performed in the primary care units of the municipalities from January to June 2015. The children's legal guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the children'...

Introdução: O consumo excessivo de sódio no Brasil é majoritariamente decorrente do uso indiscriminado de sal e condimentos ultraprocessados durante o preparo de refeições, sendo que a influência masculina em tais atividades necessita, ainda, de maior exploração. Objetivos: Este trabalho visa investigar a participação paterna na alimentação familia...

Objetivo: Estimar a projeção da morbimortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) atribuível ao excesso de peso no Brasil no período de 2020-2030. Método: Utilizou-se dados de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) coletados por entrevista telefônica pelo Vigitel junto a 730.309 mil adultos (≥18 anos) nas capitais de estado do Brasil e Distr...

Objective In Brazil, national estimates of childhood malnutrition have not been updated since 2006. The use of health information systems is an important complementary data source for analysing time trends on health and nutrition. This study aimed to examine temporal trends and sociodemographic inequalities in the prevalence of malnutrition in chil...

Objetivo: Estimar a projeção da morbimortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) atribuível ao excesso de peso no Brasil no período de 2020-2030. Método: Utilizou-se dados de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) coletados por entrevista telefônica pelo Vigitel junto a 730.309 mil adultos (≥18 anos) nas capitais de estado do Brasil e Distr...

Objective: To analyse the potential health and economic impact of the voluntary sodium reduction targets in Brazil, from 2013 to 2032. Design: Modelling study. A microsimulation approach of a close-to-reality synthetic population (IMPACT NCD BR) was used to evaluate the potential health benefits of setting voluntary upper limits for sodium content...

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os fatores associados ao consumo elevado de sal na população brasileira adulta. Estudo transversal com dados de 8.083 adultos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS, 2014/15). O consumo de sal foi baseado na estimativa de excreção urinária de sódio de 24 horas, calculada pela relação sódio/creatinina em amos...

Resumo: Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis correspondem à principal causa de morte no mundo e tem a alimentação inadequada como um de seus principais fatores de risco modificáveis, destacando-se o consumo excessivo de sódio e sua associação com doenças cardiovasculares, mediadas pela pressão arterial. Este estudo avaliou o impacto de diferentes ce...

Objective: To identify the associated factors to high salt intake in the adult Brazilian population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 8,083 adults participating in the National Health Survey (PNS, 2014/15). Salt consumption was based on the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium calculatedthe sodium/creatinine ratio in urine spot. High salt intake w...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of death in Costa Rica and high blood pressure was associated with a mortality rate of 29% in 2018. The average household sodium intake in the country is also two times higher than the World Health Organization recommendation. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of reducin...

Few studies have investigated the simultaneous effect of individual and contextual factors on the occurrences of anemia. This study aims to evaluate the variability of children’s hemoglobin levels from municipalities in social vulnerability and its association with factors of individual and municipal nature. This is a cross-sectional, multi-center...

AHEAD OF PRINT

Background Excessive salt consumption is the leading dietary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Brazil, 30% of salt in the diet comes from packaged foods; Government and food industries have agreed on voluntary salt reduction targets for 29 food categories since 2011. The objective of this study was to quantify the potential health an...

Macrossimulation modelling of health policy scenarios.

Macrossimulation modelling of health policy scenarios.

Introduction: Inadequate diets are important preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the world. Among critical nutrients associated with NCDs, excessive sodium consumption is the largest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, mediated by hypertension. Different dietary sources contribute to sodium intake; therefore, sodiu...

Salt iodization is the main public health policy to prevent and control iodine deficiency disorders. The National Salt Iodization Impact Assessment Survey (PNAISAL) was conducted to measure iodine concentration among Brazilian schoolchildren. A survey including 6-14-year-old schoolchildren from public and private schools from all 26 Brazilian state...

This paper proposes a costing tool for hypertension and cardiovascular disease by adapting cost-of-illness methodologies to estimate the attributable burden of excessive salt intake on cardiovascular disease. The methodology estimates the changes in blood pressure that result from each gram change in salt intake and links diet to the direct and ind...

Background: Hunger, food insecurity, stunting, anemia, overweight, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) may coexist in the same person, household, and community in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an important cause of disability and premature death, which could be addressed with comprehensive polici...

Introdução As doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis são responsáveis por mais de 70% das mortes no Brasil e, dentre elas, destacam-se as doenças cardiovasculares, para as quais a alimentação inadequada, incluindo o consumo excessivo de sódio (maior que 2g/dia por pessoa, equivalentes a 5g/dia), é um dos principais fatores de risco. Objetivos Estimar...

Objective: to investigate the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding, early introduction of other foods and association with prevalence of low weight in Brazilian children. Methods: we analyzed records of children under 6 months of age held on the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System for the year 2015; associations were investigated through Pois...

Identificar os fatores associados à introdução de alimentos não recomendados no primeiro ano de vida, entre crianças residentes em municípios de baixo nível socioeconômico. Estudo multicêntrico transversal com 1.567 crianças de 12 a 59 meses de idade residentes em 48 municípios participantes do plano Brasil Sem Miséria da Região Sul do Brasil. Apli...

Non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, are responsible for over 70% of deaths in Brazil. Currently, over 25% of Brazilian adults are diagnosed as hypertensive; overall, current dietary sodium intake in Brazil (4700 mg/person) is over twice the international recommendations, and 70–90% of adolescents and adults consume excessi...

Brazilians consume excessive dietary sodium (4700 mg/d); hence, the reduction of dietary sodium intake has been a Brazilian government priority. A set of strategies has been implemented that includes food and nutrition education initiatives and the reduction in the sodium content of processed foods and foods consumed out of the households. Since 20...

Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and inadequate diet is an important risk factor. Among the NCDs, cardiovascular diseases are very prevalent and sodium reduction in the population is a priority of health sector, because Brazilians consume more than twice the daily World Health Organizat...

OBJECTIVE: to describe self-reported high sodium consumption prevalence in adults and compare results in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District based on data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS) and from the 2013 Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel). METHODS: this was a d...

Reducing dietary salt/sodium is one of the most cost-effective interventions to improve population health. There are five initiatives in the Americas that independently developed targets for reformulating foods to reduce salt/sodium content. Applying selection criteria, recommended by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organiz...

Objective The present communication reports a strategy to calculate the intake of Fe based on data available for folic acid and evaluate the programme of flour fortification in Brazil. Design Cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil during 2008 and 2009. A 2d dietary record of individuals was used. The usual intake of folic acid by sex and age gr...

Reducing dietary salt is one of the most effective interventions to lessen the burden of premature death and disability. In high-income countries and those in nutrition transition, processed foods are a significant if not the main source of dietary salt. Reformulating these products to reduce their salt content is recommended as a best buy to preve...

Objective: To describe the nutritional situation of children under five years old resident in three cities of Brazil's northeastern region. Methods: A transversal epidemiological study was undertaken with the participation of 1,378 children. The anthropometric measurements height/age, weight/age and weight/height were calculated in terms of the Z s...

The development of methods that enable analysis of programs and public policies is a key point for their objectives to be attained. This study presents a Brazilian experience of analysis of two food and nutritional security programs in cities in Brazil's northeast region, namely the National Program for Vitamin A Supplementation, and monitoring hea...

The construction of strategies for reducing the sodium content of processed foods is part of a set of actions to decrease the intake of this nutrient in Brazil-from the current 12 g of salt per person per day to less than 5 g per person per day (2 000 mg sodium) by 2020. In this process, a central action is the pact between the government and the f...

This study aimed to evaluate the National Program for Vitamin A Supplementation in a municipality (county) in Northeast Brazil, with participation by the parents or guardians of children under five years of age. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total of 657 interviews were perf...

A Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição ressalta a importância do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN, que se destina à identificação do diagnóstico descritivo e analítico da situação alimentar e nutricional da população brasileira, contribuindo para que se conheça a natureza e a magnitude dos problemas nutricionais do país...

The National Food and Nutrition Policy emphasizes the importance of the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN), which has the purpose of determining descriptive and analytical diagnoses of the food and nutritional status of the Brazilian population. It thus contributes towards providing knowledge on the nature and magnitude of the countr...

Medidas para o enfrentamento da fome e da desnutrição vêm sendo associadas a ações de prevenção dos efeitos da má nutrição, especialmente a obesidade e outras doenças crônicas, dado o aumento da sua prevalência. Esse quadro epidemiológico complexo exige a concepção de projetos estruturantes de médio e longo prazos ao lado de ações imediatas e criat...

Strategies to face hunger and undernutrition have been directly associated to actions to prevent bad nutrition effects, mainly chronic diseases and obesity. This complex epidemiological scenario requires initiative of medium and long-term projects, with simultaneously immediate and creative measures for emergency situations when no food is availabl...