Edgardo Etchezahar

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid | UAM · Evolutive and Educational Psychology

In a globalized world, it becomes increasingly relevant to study people's levels of intercultural sensitivity, understood as the ability to know, appreciate and interact effectively with people from different cultures, particularly in cosmopolitan cities like Madrid. The study had three aims: first, to analyze the relationships between the differen...

In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed relationships and lifestyles around the world. This has led to the emergence of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which consists of the need to constantly check social media and the anguish that comes from feeling a lack of rewarding experiences. The impact derived from the use of technologies...

Collective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective effo...

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the “Values Questionnaire” (VQ) in an Argentine sample. The VQ was administered to a total of 1596 participants. Measures of acceptance and action, cognitive fusion, life satisfaction, and sociodemographic variables were also included. The results confirmed t...

Con los avances tecnológicos y el uso generalizado de internet, las redes sociales y los teléfonos móviles, han surgido nuevos comportamientos que se consideran prácticas sexuales actuales. Uno de estos nuevos comportamientos es el "Sexting", definido como el acto de recibir, enviar o reenviar mensajes de texto, imágenes o fotografías con contenido...

"Hiperconectados" by Durao, Etchehazar, Yepes, and Muller (2024) is a work that examines how the digital age and constant connectivity are redefining our identity, relationships, and well-being. The book begins by exploring "Digital Identity," describing the transition from analog to digital and how current generations interact with platforms like...

Perceptions of social justice are recognized as a key element in the formation of attitudes and behaviors towards certain social groups. The social justice dimensions (recognition, redistribution, and representation) interact differentially with demographic and psychosocial characteristics; however, few studies have delved into the differences in t...

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic...

Plain Language Summary The use of technologies in education The purpose of this research was to explorate attitudes toward the use of technology in education among teachers in training and the relationships with other variables derived from the use of technology and teaching style, such as Fear of Missing Out, cybervictimization, and teaching-learn...

Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which...

Resumen: Si bien en Argentina se ha registrado un aumento de la discriminación hacia diferentes grupos sociales a raíz de la pandemia del COVID-19, faltan estudios que analicen la distinción entre los distintos niveles de discriminación. Mientras que la discriminación individual se refiere al comportamiento singular y dañino de los miembros de un g...

Since the Spanish colonization of Latin America at the end of the 15th century, indigenous people have been displaced from their lands in an extremely violent manner. Currently, people who belong to indigenous communities in Argentina are subject to prejudice and discrimination, because they are perceived as a threat to Argentine social identity. T...

The aim of this study was to validate the Intercultural Sensitivity Inventory (ISI) in the Spanish context, testing the five, four, and three-dimensional models of the construct and examining its relationship with other psychological variables. A Spanish sample of 872 participants aged between 18 and 80 years old (M = 52.50; SD = 17.41) was used. T...

Even though prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants is one of the main reasons for discrimination in Argentina, there is no valid measure to assess it. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale. In addition, we tested correlations with right-wing authoritaria...

This study has two aims. First, it tests the psychometric properties of the Social Justice Scale in eight Spanish-speaking Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Uruguay, México, Venezuela and Honduras). Second, this study analyzes the relations and cultural differences between the dimensions of social justice with blatan...

Background Previous studies indicated that depressive symptoms are common among teachers due to job stress and difficulty in managing emotions. The aim of this research was to determine the levels of depressive symptomatology in a sample of secondary school teachers who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the relationships with their...

A pesar de los esfuerzos llevados a cabo desde diferentes organismos a nivel mundial (Convención Belém Do Pará, 1994), las mujeres continúan siendo víctimas de diferentes e importantes formas de violencia y discriminación. La eliminación de todas las formas de violencia contra mujeres es una de las metas internacionales de la Agenda 2030 de la ONU...

In recent years, the increased use of mobile devices has changed social dynamics. One such change is the rise of phubbing, described as the behavior of ignoring someone in order to pay attention to one's cell phone. The purpose of this research was to validate the Perceived Phubbing Scale (PPS) and examine its relationship with other psychological...

In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed relationships and lifestyles around the world. This has led to the emergence of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which consists of the need to constantly check social media and the anguish that comes from feeling a lack of rewarding experiences. The impact derived from the use of technologies...

Love is a worldwide known phenomenon that affects many aspects of human life, including considering a romantic partner with whom to bond. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to test love levels is Sternberg's 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love com...

Diversas investigaciones han abordado el estudio de las actitudes de los docentes hacia la inclusión educativa observando diferentes factores y variables que las determinan. Sin embargo, aunque el profesorado tiene una actitud positiva hacia la idea de inclusión, estaría relacionada con sus niveles de empatía y el contacto previo con personas con d...

One of the main evaluation instruments of the dark side of personality has been the Short Dark Triad of Personality (SD3), that includes Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy traits. Although other adaptations of this scale have been made in several countries, its psychometric properties have never been tested in Argentina. Different studies...

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflec...

The aim of the study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Social Justice Scale, composed by Representation, Recognition, and Redistribution dimensions. Likewise, the contribution of social dominance and the belief in a just world in each dimension were analyzed. A total of 471 young adults residing in Madrid participated in the online...

En la Argentina, al igual que en muchos países del mundo, los indígenas han sido objeto de prejuicio desde hace siglos. Uno de los procesos históricos centrales en la configuración de la situación actual de los indígenas fue la llamada “Conquista del Desierto”, un conjunto de campañas militares llevadas a cabo por el Estado argentino a finales del...

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from m...

The current article describes the validation of the Attitudes towards Maghrebis in Education (AMES) scale in the Spanish context and examines the relation with other psychosocial variables. A Spanish sample of 807 participants aged between 18 and 80 years old completed the AMES. The analyses were performed using CFA, mainly considering the statisti...

Teacher training programs usually contain specific psychoeducational aspects, but these should also promote citizenship competences based on social justice in order to encourage a more sustainable world. The three dimensions of Social Justice, the Belief in a Just World (BJW) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) are psychosocial variables linked...

Among the studies on prejudice that consider its indirect expressions, we point out the absence of instruments for measuring prejudice towards people affected by poverty. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate a scale of subtle and blatant prejudice towards people living in poverty, as well as to analyse its relationships with variab...

The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) consists in an instrument used to measure cognitive fusion. Cognitive fusion can be described as a core process in the psychopathology model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The purpose of this study was to adapt the CFQ for the Argentinian population, to validate it through a confirmatory factor...

In recent years the percentage of Latin American immigrants in Argentina has grown all over the country. However, due to the economic crisis that the country is going through, the State offers economic support to the entire population, even to Latin American immigrants living in Argentina. Therefore, prejudiced attitudes towards these minority grou...

The current article describes the adaptation and validation of the Self-compassion Scale (SCS) developed by Neff (2003a) in an argentine sample of undergraduate college students and examines the factor structure of the scale to test three distinct models: six-factor correlated, second higher order, and single-bifactor. An argentine sample of underg...

This study aims to understand how willingness to help people in poverty and the agreement with providing government aid are connected to emotions and attributional processes, in a country with a high poverty rate such as Argentina. Differences in poverty attributions and emotions among self-reported social class are also analysed. A total sample of...

En respuesta a las necesidades educativas presentadas a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19, las instituciones de educación superior implementaron la educación a distancia, adoptando el aprendizaje en línea como modalidad de enseñanza. Este cambio repentino trajo consigo un abanico de problemas para el alumnado y el profesorado, tales como afecciones...

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a fundamental skill related to different aspects of human life, such as psychological well-being or mood states. The present study has a triple objective: first, to explore the psychometric properties of the TMMS-24 in three Spanish-speaking countries (Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain); second, to examine the relation of...

Cada año aumenta de forma ostensible la cantidad de población migrante a nivel global que intenta acceder al sistema educativo, encontrándose con múltiples dificultades para su integración, incluyendo la integración en materia de género. Diferentes estudios han analizado el grado de integración de la población migrante en el ámbito educativo, así c...

The aim of this research is to recognize the burnout levels in a group of high school teachers that exercised their profession during the COVID-19 pandemic, looking forward to examining the correlation between burnout levels, trait emotional intelligence and socioemotional competencies (Autonomy, Regulation, Prosocial Behaviour and Empathy). The st...

The use of cell phones has increased exponentially in most countries of the world. From a psychological perspective, different techniques have been developed to assess the level of dependence towards the use of the mobile phone, the TDMB test being one of the most used. Objective. The aim of the research was to adapt and validate the TDMB and its r...

Las instituciones educativas cada vez se plantean, con una mayor frecuencia, incorporar prácticas que persigan la inclusión socioeducativa. Sin embargo, ciertas variables psicosociales pueden dificultar que se produzca este cambio entre el profesorado. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue investigar diferentes creencias de futuros maestro...

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated ge...

El uso de teléfonos celulares ha aumentado exponencialmente en la mayoría de los países del mundo. Desde una perspectiva psicológica, se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas para evaluar el nivel de dependencia hacia el uso del teléfono móvil, y el test TDMB es una de las más utilizadas. Objetivo. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue realizar la a...

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the subtle and blatant prejudice scale toward indigenous people in Argentina and its relationship with right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, tolerance for disagreement, ideological-political self-positioning, sex and age. A sample of 304 participants from Bueno...

This study validates the Mood Questionnaire for adults in three Spanish-speaking countries: Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain. It then analyzes the influence of gender and cultural differences on mood, and whether there is a relationship between mood, emotional intelligence, and the Avoidance of Responsibility. A convenience sample of 1048 adults, with...

Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross‐culturally, to test if both individual‐ and country‐level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zer...

In Argentina, as well as in many countries, indigenous people have been the target of prejudice for centuries. This situation mostly dates to the “Conquest of the Desert”, a military campaign waged by the Argentine government against the indigenous population during the late 19th century. Although in the last three decades, indigenous groups’ claim...

Throughout history men and women have maintained intimate relationships based on structural asymmetry or inequality, which they maintain is a set of sexist attitudes such as chivalry, added to a conventional framework and stability according to authoritarianism and gender roles beliefs, based on attributes belong to each gender. The aim of the pres...

El fundamentalismo religioso expresa un conjunto de creencias basadas en una interpretación literal de un manuscrito considerado sagrado, con una exigencia intransigente de sometimiento a una doctrina. Diferentes variables psicosociales como el autoritarismo, la dominancia social, la necesidad de cierre y la ideología del rol de género han sido est...

The notion of citizenship has changed since its origins to the present, moving forward toward societies that are less participatory in socio-political issues but that are more inclusive. Likewise, citizenship conceptions are directly related to the most frequent sociopolitical participation of future teachers. The main aim of the study was to inves...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la relación entre las actitudes y uso del Lenguaje Inclusivo (LI) con las variables demográficas género y edad. El Lenguaje Inclusivo es aquel uso del lenguaje que no reconoce al género masculino como genérico de la humanidad, buscando reducir los estereotipos y discriminación a través de la comunicaci...

The use of cell phones has increased exponentially in most countries of the world, since there are as many people as mobile devices. In Argentina, different studies state that the penetration rate (number of cell phones per inhabitant) has increased, bringing the figure of 39.9 million users to 44.5 million. Now, what is the line that divides the a...

This study describes the social representation of indigenous people and analyzes the existence of differential positioning according to subtle and blatant prejudice levels. Participants (N = 304 residents from Buenos Aires, aged 18-41) answered the word association technique and the subtle and blatant prejudice scale towards indigenous people. The...

Una creciente cantidad de estudios en psicología política se han ocupado de evaluar distintas variables psicosociales asociadas con la justificación de la desigualdad. Sin embargo, a pesar de contar con escalas adaptadas y validadas en Argentina, se registran escasos antecedentes que evalúen las propiedades psicométricas de las mismas fuera de las...

A partir del desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías en el campo de la psicoterapia surge la necesidad de contar con pruebas válidas y confiables que permitan indagar la presencia de sintomatología desde el formato on-line. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar una escala que permita evaluar sintomatología de ansiedad, depresión, relaciones interpersona...

Los temas vinculados a la sexualidad, y más específicamente la orientación sexual, han tomado significativa importancia en los últimos años, sobre todo en la adolescencia tanto en ámbitos educativos como en el campo de la salud. En Argentina no se dispone de estudios que permitan com- prender la naturaleza de la orientación sexual en adolescentes....

Hoy en día, es posible encontrar una gran diversidad de concepciones acerca del término justicia social. En las últimas décadas, en el campo teórico de diversas disciplinas, se han logrado grandes avances para consensuar una concepción común acerca de un concepto tan tremendamente subjetivo como es el de justicia social. En este sentido, es importa...

A lo largo del siglo XX los estudios sociales en torno al género cobraron fuerza a partir de los traba-jos sobre las influencias culturales, los procesos de socialización y otros factores psicosociales clave que han influido en su desarrollo como los estereotipos y el prejuicio (Pilcher & Whelehan, 2016). Es a partir de estos desarrollos que existe...

Las personas viven inmersas en un entorno social estructurado simbólicamente que dan por supuesto. Lo piensan del mismo modo que al mundo natural y solo lo cuestionan ante situaciones específicas. Sin embargo, ese entorno es una construcción colectiva que, así como se transmite, puede reconstruirse. Representaciones sociales, prejuicio y relaciones...

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Personal and General Belief in a Just World (BJW) Scales. Through a confirmatory factor analysis, the internal structure of both scales was examined by testing if they measure the same global construct or if they constitute two different dimensions. The internal consistency of...

Psychological factors that encourage—as well as discourage— participation in social protest are often overlooked in the social sciences. In this article, we draw together recent contributions to the understanding of the social and psychological bases of political action and inaction from the perspective of system justification theory. This perspect...

Sexist prejudice in Argentina is a current problem given that during 2017 more than 16,000 calls for gender violence were made. From a psychological perspective, ambivalent sexism is composed of hostile and benevolent sexism. The first describes the hostility towards women who do not conform to traditional gender roles and the second defines subjec...

It is commonly assumed that political attitudes are driven by self-interest and that poor people heavily favor policies aimed at redistributing wealth. This assumption fails to explain the popularity of economic conservatism and the degree of support for the capitalist system. Such outcomes are typically explained by the suggestion that most poor p...

Con el objetivo de consignar experiencias, resultados y rutas de acción para mejorar nuestra comprensión de la paz, esta obra presenta resultados de investigaciones realizadas por docentes y estudiantes investigadores, tanto de la Universidad Católica de Oriente como de otras instituciones nacionales y extranjeras. El libro aborda distintas perspec...

Emergency lands in Argentina or "villas" (suburbs) are the result of migratory movements, and their inhabitants are a minority group called “villeros” (inhabitants of shantytowns). Sometimes the term is used with a negative connotation being associated to different kinds of criminal behavior. Thereby, prejudice levels towards shantytowns’ inhabitan...

Right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation are two main variables for the analysis of different phenomena in Political Psychology. In this line, it is stated that both independent constructs are targeting different worldviews, but that would be found linked, varying its level of relations, based on certain characteristics of the s...

Resumen Las visiones del mundo son esquemas mentales que se presentan accesibles al individuo a través del proceso de socialización cultural, generando cosmovisiones sociales estables. Dos visiones del mundo, como un lugar peligroso (DW) y como una jungla competitiva (CW), han sido ampliamente estudiadas. Ambas se relacionan con 2 actitudes sociale...

Prejudice defined as an antipathy based on faulty and inflexible generalization, directed towards a group as a whole or to an individual as a member of it, has been considered widespread. In this sense, it has been shown that individuals who typically have high levels of prejudice towards a particular social group, usually also express high levels...

En este capítulo nos proponemos realizar un recorrido por las características fundamentales del prejuicio, entendiéndolo como una de las manifestaciones mas comunes de la existencia de relaciones intergrupales de tipo conflictivas en una sociedad. Para ello, explicaremos los principales enfoques teóricos y definiciones que históricamente se han pro...

Even though prejudice toward male homosexuality is one of the main reasons for discrimination in Argentina, there is no valid measure to assess it. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Attitudes Toward Gay Men Scale (ATG) and to examine the influence of sex, right wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orient...

La centralidad de la religión y las orientaciones religiosas han sido estudiadas en sus relaciones con el autoritarismo debido a que dichas expresiones de la religiosidad ofrecen un marco social convencional estable, el cual incluye una serie de pautas que rigen el comportamiento del sujeto autoritario. Sin embargo, estudios previos que analizaron...

El prejuicio ha sido descrito como un fenómeno generalizado ya que individuos prejuiciosos hacia determinados grupos sociales también suelen serlo hacia otros. Sin embargo, estudios recientes indican que la percepción de peligro expresada por el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y la percepción de competencia intergrupal, expresada por la orientaci...

p>El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue conocer cuáles son los principales estereotipos de la mujer en una muestra de jóvenes adolescentes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, para luego indagar cuál es su valoración de tales estereotipos y analizar si los mismos pueden ser categorizados como hostiles, benevolentes o de otro tipo. Participaron del est...

Prejudice has been described as a generalized phenomenon because individuals who express prejudice towards certain social groups also tend to express prejudice toward other groups. However, recent studies indicate that the perception of danger expressed by right-wing authoritarians and the perception of intergroup competence expressed by individual...