Ebenezer Adekunle Ajayi

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• M.B;B.S.; FWACP; FACP
• Professor (Full) at Ekiti State University

Cardiovascular disease is a major global burden and a leading cause of premature death among patients with severe mental illness. Over time, research and clinical practice have paid increased attention to the impact of psychiatric medications on cardiac repolarization. In a resource-limited setting, it is common for psychotropic medications to be i...

Background: Psychotropic medications are administered for various psychiatric conditions with associated significant high morbidity and mortality. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities had been reported among patients on psychotropic medications; however, baseline or follow-up ECGs are rarely done during routine clinical practice especially in d...

In this review, the ethical issues peculiar to the COVID-19 pandemics and the role of healthcare workers, especially those in resource-limited settings are x-rayed. We contend that there is a pressing ethical issue that needs urgent clarification on the rights and responsibilities of healthcare workers, especially in the current context of COVID-19...

Introduction: metabolic syndrome portends an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. Evidence showed that healthcare workers are at higher risk of cardiovascular events because of their engagement in night-shift work. Therefore, this study determined the association between metabolic syndrome and healthcare work status in Ekiti State, N...

Background: Infectious diseases wrecked havoc in global economies, especially when outbreak or pandemic occurs. The present COVID‑19 pandemic has not only caused disruption to global activities but also of businesses, trades, movements, and academic activities. Southwest Nigeria has the highest burden of COVID‑19 of all the six geopolitical zones i...

Introduction: The pathogenesis of HIV has been linked to the affectation of a number of CD4 positive T cells upon which the severity of the disease is graded. Patients who present with complications such as disorders of lipid metabolism may be missed if appropriate laboratory investigations are not done. Dyslipidemia is a common phenomenon in pati...

Background Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, awareness of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step towards effective reduction of the disease burden. This study determined the knowledge and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Staff of Ekiti State University. Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Metho...

Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a product of triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose, is a novel tool that can identify people with metabolic syndrome (MS). It is unknown if TyG index can identify MS among Nigerians. Methods: Cross-sectional health screening conducted between August and December 2018, among staff and students of Ekit...

Introduction: systemic hypertension is a foremost risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Its actions are manifested on organs like the brain, heart and kidneys. High serum uric acid (SUA) escalates cardiovascular vulnerability in patients with systemic hypertension. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed in 271 (178 fema...

Abstract Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Optimum adherence to medication is still a perplexing matter for hypertensive patients in Nigeria and serum markers use as predictor for medication adherence has not been conclusive. Aim: To define the level of antihypertensive medication adherenc...

Background: Echocardiography is a noninvasive tool to evaluate morphological and hemodynamic features of the heart. Though echocardiography is increasingly being used in Nigeria, it is still mostly concentrated in the urban areas in government-owned tertiary health facilities. Materials and Methods: Echocardiograms of 1132 adult patients referred t...

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological process associated with an increased hemodynamic load and cardiac structural remodeling. Limited echocardiographic information exists on cardiac chambers, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions, and LV mass during trimesters of normal pregnancy among African women. Materials and methods: E...

Background: Aortic dilatation is associated with the presence of aortic diseases. Current guidelines for assessing the aortic root (AoR) depend on linear measurements acquired by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. We considered that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, which correlates better with AoR volume obtained by computed tomog...

Background:The diagnosis of hypertensive in an individual could be regarded as a major challenge and hence constitute a stressor. It is therefore expected that such an individual will develop some strategies of coping with such a challenge. The management outcome will be influenced by the strategies deployed by the patient in coping with the realit...

The management outcome of hypertension could be influenced by the type of strategy employed by the patient in coping with the reality of the chronic disease. This work was designed to determine the type of coping strategies employed by the subjects, the relationship with blood pressure control, and identifiable patient characteristics that may cont...

Introduction Oftentimes the older adults are assumed to be asexual as few studies explore into the sexuality of this age group worldwide and even in Nigeria. It is an important aspect of quality of life which is often neglected by people in this age group, attending physicians and the society as a whole. The study was aimed at determining the perce...

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with an increasing burden in the developing countries where low awareness rate is a major determinant of widespread gaps in its treatment and control. We carried out this opportunistic screening survey at the eye clinic of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Ado Ekiti, in southwest Nig...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Endoscopists make judgements on the presence or absence of gastritis on the basis of endoscopic appearances of the gastric mucosa. Most studies in literature have shown poor concordance between endoscopic and histologic diagnosis of gastritis with concordance rates of between 54-63%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate...

Background: Hypertension is an important component of metabolic syndrome, and a third of hypertensive patients have metabolic syndrome, with the common mechanistic pathway believed to be insulin resistance. It is probable that hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome will have more severe cardiac abnormalities than those without. Similarly, e...

Objective: The objective was to investigate the structural changes in the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) of obese hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 381 hypertensive subjects were divided into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). Clinical information and echocardiographic...

Background: In Nigeria, there is increasing urbanization and westernization of the population with resultant increase in non‑communicable diseases. Though records of hospital admissions may not indicate the actual prevalence of such diseases in the community, it may provide clues about pattern and assist in disease‑specific health promotion and edu...

Objective: To identify practice and pattern of self-medication use among new patients in ophthalmology clinic in a suburban community. Background: Self medication is a common practice all over the world. When consumers self-medicate without first consulting the eye care giver, issues of safety and inappropriateness of use arise. Methods: A cross...

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients, and its geometric pattern is a useful determinant of severity and prognosis of heart disease. Studies on LV geometric pattern involving large number of Nigerian hypertensive patients are limited. We examined the LV geometric pattern in h...

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites requiring prompt recognition and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and characteristics of SBP among in-patients with cirrhosis and ascites seen at our facility. Thirty one patients with liver cirrhosis and a...

Echocardiography remains a key noninvasive cardiac investigative tool in the management of patients, especially in a developing economy like Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the indications for transthoracic echocardiography and spectrum of cardiac disease found in patients referred to our cardiac unit for echocardiography. A prospective two...

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a marker of cardiac damage in hypertension has important prognostic implications. With high prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria and the untoward effect of LVH, it is essential that the prevalence of LVH be determined. To determine prevalence of LVH and its severity in clinical practice among hypertensive pati...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the commonest gastrointestinal emergencies. Endoscopy done within the first 24 hours of bleeding has been shown to be the most reliable means of establishing the source of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. This study was carried out to determine the aetiology and management outc...

Background and Purpose: Circadian rhythm in blood pressure (BP) has been recognized as a prognostic marker in hypertensive patients. We embarked on this study to establish the pattern of circadian rhythm of BP in our stroke patients and to compare this with results elsewhere. Methods: Of the 61 patients with acute stroke, 34 met the inclusion crite...

Exercise capacity, like some other variables of exercise stress test, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality. Many confounding factors, including gender, have been found to affect exercise capacity. This study evaluated whether exercise capacity differs in age-matched type 2 diabetic Nigerian men and their women counterparts...

Cor triatriatum is among the rarest of all congenital cardiac abnormalities accounting for 0.1-0.4% of all congenital heart disease. Its coexistence with a very prominent Eustachian valve which mimics a Cor triatriatum dextrum is an exceptionally rare finding in an asymptomatic adult. We report the case of a 44 year old male who presented to our de...

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac outcomes in hypertensive patients. This study is designed to assess the cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise among Nigerian hypertensives with echocardiographically proven LVH. Fifty hypertensive patients with LVH (27 males and 23 females) between 30 and...

Introduction. Hypertension is the commonest cause of sudden cardiac death in Nigeria and a notable cause or contributor to valvular heart disease in patients with hypertension. It engenders this catastrophe via several pathophysiological mechanisms. Its prevalence has continued to rise significantly and the damage it does to the valves poses addit...

Objectives: This study evaluated left ventricular function, using echocardiographic methods, in Nigerian DIABETICS with additional aim of assessing the effect of coexisting hypertension. Design: A descriptive cross sectional study Setting: Hospital based study Subjects: Ninety five subjects aged 30-60 years comprising 31 hypertensive DIABETICS, 30...

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent cardiac risk factor in hypertensives and the structural classification of left ventricular (LV) geometry provides additional prognostic information. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring has been shown to be superior to office blood pressure (BP) in relation to hypertension LVH. We investiga...

Ekiti State of Nigeria is known to have the lowest prevalence of HIV in Nigeria. University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Ado Ekiti was recently upgraded to serve as one of the three centres for HIV/AIDS referral, diagnosis and treatment in Ekiti State. We evaluated the baseline immunologic and biochemical parameters of patients presenting at the ART cl...

Background Congenital heart diseases are important causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults. There is a paucity of published data about their prevalence and pattern in adult Nigerians seen at echocardiography. Objectives To determine the prevalence and pattern of adult congenital heart diseases, in Ile-Ife. Materials and Method...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Tight control of diabetes in the outpatients will reduce complications and hospitalizations. This study of Nigerian patients with diabetes examined the adequacy of glycemic and BP control in line with current guidelines. A 4 month retrospective analysis of type...

This study evaluated normotensive diabetic patients' blood pressure response to graded exercise and their echocardiographic pattern of left ventricular geometry. A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out on 30 normotensive type 2 diabetic patients and 34 controls, aged 30 to 60 years. The outcome measures were to determin...

To evaluate the CD4+ cell counts in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections presenting at the medical department of the Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. This study was carried out at the medical department of the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria, in the period July-December 2006. FMC, Ido, was recently u...

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide, with the major increases expected to occur in developing countries. It has been observed that the pattern of hospital admissions can be used to determine the effectiveness of outpatient care of DM. This study was aimed to examine diabetes-related admissions to medical wards of a federal...

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer in the world. Its incidence is increasing worldwide ranging between 3 and 9% annually. The aim of this study was to see the pattern of clinical presentation, identify the possible risk factors and the clinical outcome among HCC patients presenting at our health facility. The case records of a...