E. Salvioli-Mariani

• Research Associate at University of Parma

This study investigates the Samambaia seismogenic fault at the border of the Potiguar rift Basin, Brazil, to evaluate the relationships among hydrothermal processes, seismicity, and preexisting tectonic fabric. The fault is a 27 km-long structure composed of three left-bend, en echelon segments spaced 1.0–1.5 km apart. The segments strike N31°E – N...

Exposure to natural occurrences of asbestos (NOA) and other potentially hazardous elongated mineral particles (EMPs) may pose a risk to human health and the environment. Weathering forces and anthropic activities may alter the cohesion of NOA-bearing outcrops and disperse EMPs in air, water, and soil. The current paradigm for fibre toxicity indicat...

The study of manufacture technologies and provenance of raw materials in archaeological potteries are two fundamental aspects in providing information about sociocultural aspects on past societies. The most acknowledged technique in this field is represented by minero‐petrographic analysis, allowing to describe the compositional features of the art...

Knowledge about the processes governing subsurface microbial dynamics in and to groundwater represents an important tool for the development of robust, evidence-based policies and strategies to assess the potential impact of contamination sources and for the implementation of appropriate land use and management practices. In this research, we asses...

The investigated mantle bodies from the External Ligurians (Groppo di Gorro and Mt. Rocchetta) show evidences of a complex evolution determined by an early high temperature metasomatism, due to percolating melts of asthenospheric origin, and a later metasomatism at relatively high temperature by hydrothermal fluids, with formation of rodingites. At...

Covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface, the New Caledonia (South West Pacific) is one of the largest world producers of Ni-ore from lateritic deposits. Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole, also as asbestos varieties. In this geological context, in which weathering process...

The Cabezo Negro de Tallante volcano (SE Spain) is well known in literature for the presence of abundant mantle and crustal xenoliths in basaltic lithologies. Here we report field, petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical data of a poorly investigated pyroclastic deposit (breccia) and provide evidence for the presence of a primary magmatic carbo...

The rising awareness about the risk due to asbestos environmental exposure has led to a new interest in the investigation of non-regulated mineral fibers. Evidence of chronic diseases has been described in individuals exposed to naturally occurring asbestiform (NOA) minerals in Turkey (erionite), Italy (fluoro-edenite), and the United States (winch...

Amphiboles are an important family of rock forming minerals, whose identification is crucial in provenance studies as well as in many other fields of geology, archaeology and environmental sciences. This study is aimed to find a quick way to characterize Ca-amphiboles in the tremolite (Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2)–ferro–actinolite (Ca2Fe5Si8O22(OH)2) series....

Clay minerals in structurally complex settings influence fault zone behavior and characteristics such as permeability and frictional properties. This work aims to understand the role of fault zones on clay authigenesis in arkosic, high-porosity sandstones of the Cretaceous Rio do Peixe basin, northeast Brazil. We integrated field, petrographic and...

The examination of past and new chemical–isotopic data (2H/1H–18O/16O, 11B/10B and 87Sr/86Sr ratios) shows the meteoric origin of the Sawa Lake (Muthanna Governorate, Iraq) and its connection with the local aquifers, which feed the lake via the groundwater emerging from its floor through fault systems. The chemical and isotopic evaporation models a...

The New Caledonia is one of the largest world producers of nickel ore which is formed by the alteration of ultramafic rocks. Mining activity, focused on nickel extraction from lateritic ore deposits, must deal with the natural occurrence of asbestos and fibrous minerals. Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and...

The New Caledonia is covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface, and it is one of the largest world producers of nickel ore. Mining activity, focused on extraction from lateritic ore deposits formed by the alteration of ultramafic rocks, must deal with the natural occurrence of asbestos and fibrous minerals. Almost all outcrop...

The New Caledonia is covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface, and it is one of the largest world producers of nickel ore which is formed by the alteration of ultramafic rocks. Mining activity, focused on nickel extraction from lateritic ore deposits, must deal with the natural occurrence of asbestos and fibrous minerals. Al...

The boron stable isotope ratio δ11B of twelve water samples representative of three chemical facies (fresh Na-bicarbonate, brackish Na-chloride, saline and brine Ca-chloride) have been analyzed. Interpretation of the δ11B data, along with the chemical compositions, reveals that Na-carbonate waters from the Northern Apennine are of meteoric origin,...

Serpentinites are rocks, often used in buildings, formed in large extent by minerals of the serpentine group: chrysotile, antigorite, lizardite, and polygonal serpentine. The fibrous type (e.g. chrysotile) of serpentine group minerals, along with several amphibole varieties (e.g. actinolite and tremolite), are the major components of asbestos famil...

Albite is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's crust, and its polymorphs can be found in rocks with different cooling histories. The characteristic spectrum of vibration of the albite mineral reflects its structural Si/Al ordering. In this study, we report on the comparison between the Raman spectra measured on a natural and fully ordered...

The Raman spectrum over the extended region 100–3800 cm−1 of the new gemstone pezzottaite [ideal composition Cs(Be2Li)Al2Si6O18] from the type locality in Ambatovita (central Madagascar) is reported and compared with that of Cs-beryl from the Elba Island (San Piero in Campo). The extended Raman spectrum of pezzottaite has never been so far reported...

Ten fragments of pots made by pietra ollare (basic and ultrabasic metamorphic rocks belonging to greenschist facies) found in the archaeological site of Crocetta di Sant'Agata Bolognese (Bologna, Italy) have been studied to characterize them and to define their provenance. The fragments, dated between the 9th and 10th century AD, show traces of bla...

The Canan area (Honduras) is characterized by a gold-bearing ore deposit that is associated with quartz-veined shear zones. Gold mineralization occurs in low-to medium-grade metamorphic host-rocks (graphitic and sericitic schists). Hydrothermal fluids, which are associated with the emplacement of Cretaceous-Tertiary granodioritic intrusions, are re...

The occurrence of crystallized and glassy melt inclusions (MI) in high-grade, partially melted metapelites and metagraywackes has opened up new possibilities to investigate anatectic processes. The present study focuses on three case studies: khondalites from the Kerala Khondalite Belt (India), the Ronda migmatites (Spain), and the Barun Gneiss (Ne...

At Jacupiranga (Brazil) the latest manifestations of C3 carbonatite are veins and impregnations of sövite composition containing carbonates, Fe-oxides, apatite, phlogopite, olivine, clinohumite, pyrochlore, zirconolite. Apatite contains fluid inclusions l.s. of two types: (i) two-phase fluid inclusions of complex composition (H2O±CO2±NaCl±KCl±NaHCO...

The study of ancient pottery by means of Raman spectroscopy has a number of significant advantages, allowing the identification of the main minerals present in the bodies and coatings. Thanks to this information it is possible to infer the firing temperature and atmosphere of the artifacts. Here are presented several cases of study having the Itali...

The growing interest in the conservation of historic buildings encourages the development of waterrepellent materials and methodologies to consolidate and/or protect stones. Recently, particular attention was devoted to composites of inorganic oxides nanoparticles and hybrid siloxane or silicone polymers. Here we present a study on the water repell...

The method based on the deconvolution of the Raman spectra of glasses, proposed for the investigation of glazed ceramics by Colomban, is applied to archeological samples of glass of two different origins in an attempt to characterize the glass composition and the fictive temperature using a contactless, nondestructive spectroscopic technique. The s...

A ceramic factory with at least three kilns, active from the 14th century until the 17th century, was recently found close to the city walls of Parma (Italy). A series of measurements by different techniques was performed on pottery fragments belonging to the first and last production period. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscop...

Both glassy and crystallized melt inclusions (MI) occur in garnet in metapelitic granulites from the Kerala Khondalite Belt. These rocks were metamorphosed and partially melted at UHT conditions during the Pan-African event, and MI represent droplets of the anatectic melt, originated by dehydration melting of biotite and trapped by garnet growth at...

The method based on the deconvolution of the Raman spectra of glasses, proposed for the investigation of glazed ceramics by Colomban, is applied to archeological samples of glass of two different origins in an attempt to characterize the glass composition and the fictive temperature using a contactless, nondestructive spectroscopic technique. The s...

Using as a case study a granulite from the Kerala Khondalite Belt, India, we show that a former anatectic melt can be preserved as tiny (<25 μm) droplets within refractory minerals, in this case garnet. The melt is either fully crystallized as a Qtz-Ab-Kfs-Bt cryptocrystalline aggregate (“nanogranite”), or completely glassy in inclusions <15 μm. Bo...

Fluid inclusions in the quartz crystals present in gold-rich veins from central Honduras have been studied by means of micro-thermometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy in order to provide information on the physico-chemical conditions and chemical composition of the mineralizing fluids. The use of a confocal micro-Raman apparatus allowed to obtain in...

The geodynamic evolution of the Honduras (Central America) is the result of complex interactions between the North American and South American plates, the Cocos plate and the evolving Caribbean plates including minor crustal fragments as the Chortis block. In this study we are dealing with data on gold mineralizations occurring in the low-grade met...

Three xenoliths erupted as ejecta during recent violent explosion of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands) were investigated in this paper. They consist of high-temperature mineral association (cordierite, hercynite spinels, sillimanite, ±plagioclase, ±mullite, ±corundum) and abundant glass (10–70 vol.%), and may be classified as buchites. The peralu...

The lamproite of Gaussberg is an ultrapotassic rock where leucite, olivine and clinopyroxene microphenocrysts occur in a glass-rich groundmass, containing microliths of leucite, clinopyroxene, apatite, phlogopite and rare K-richterite. Abundant silicate melt inclusions occur in olivine, leucite and, rarely, in clinopyroxene microphenocrysts. Raman...

High-grade hornfels xenoliths in the 60 ka old calcalkaline basaltic andesite lava flows of Stromboli (Omo lavas; Paleostromboli II period) consist of fine- to medium-grained holocrystalline rocks. Feldspar (mainly anorthoclase) and cordierite represent ca. 85 vol% of the modal mineralogy. Aluminiferous spinel (hercynite), sillimanite, ± corundum,...

Coarse-to fine-grained highly deformed gabbroic fragments occur within some pyro-clastic sequences and lava flows of the Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy). They have a low-pressure mineralogy (pl + ol + cpx ± opx ± amph ± bi ± opq), widespread ubiquitous foliations and a tiny amount of interstitial glass. The protoliths (coarse-gr...

Large-sized xenoliths (up to 1.5 m) were sampled nearby the summit active craters of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands). The ejecta, erupted during recent eruptions, are spread within an area of ca. 50m2 and consist of fine-grained whitish to light-grey mottled rocks with heterogeneous vesicularity (3--50 vol.%). SEM-EDS and EMP analyses, XRD, TEM investi...

Fine- to coarse-grained plutonic nodules within the Petrazza pyroclastics (Paleo-Stromboli I period) consist of gabbroic rocks with variable amounts of interstitial material. They are characterised by cumulate textures and low pressure modal mineralogy formed by plagioclase (An96–87)+clinopyroxene (Mg-v 82–94)+olivine (Fo83–74)amphiboleopaque miner...

The studied gabbroic nodules occurring in the Petrazza pyroclastic rocks consist mainly of plagioclase (An95ÿ87), olivine (Fo83-73) and clinopyroxene (Mg# 90ÿ77), with subordinate opaques (Ti-magnetite) and amphibole (Mg-hastingsite), which constitute the cumulate minerals. Interstitial material has a relatively high, but variable, degree of vesicu...

At the top of Mt. Mottarone a thin level of micaschist, covered by soil, rests on granodioritic rocks. Both the rock types underwent weathering with generation of new minerals and variation of the original chemical composition. The weathering produced phyllosilicates and Fe- and Al-hydroxides. Mass balance calculations on the basis of Zr immobility...

The occurrence of gold grains of magmatic origin has been firstly described in the ultrapotassic lamproite of El Tale. Actually very few is known about this rock, which together with the neck of Cabecitos Negros and the dike of Los Derramadores belongs to the Fortuna ultrapotassic rocks (province of Murcia-SE Spain). The dike of El Tale (approximat...

Gli inclusi gabbroidi presenti nelle piroclastiti della Petrazza (K-andesiti; Paleostromboli I; Hornig-Kjarsgaard et al., 1993) sono costituiti da olivin gabbri a grana da fine a grossolana. Le loro tessiture sono generalmente aperte, caratterizzate da numerose cavità intercristalline parzialmente riempite da vetro con vescicole e abbondanti microl...

The pyroclastic sequence of Petrazza (ENE of Stromboli island) contains nodules with different lithology and textures. Many nodules are gabbroic, slightly nepheline-normative and characterized by high content of Al2O3 and CaO (16.5-21.9 wt%, 13.4-17.0 wt% respectively), low content of SiO2 and total alkali (40.6-46.8 wt%, 0.9-1.8 wt% respectively),...

The dacite of El Joyazo contains abundant metapelitic xenoliths. These can be divided into two main types: garnet-biotite-sillimanite and spinel-cordierite xenoliths. In the xenoliths the widespread occurrence of rhyolitic glass as interstitial films, foliation-parallel layers and primary melt inclusions in all mineral phases indicates that these a...

Rocks from Jumilla and Cancarix exhibit extreme compositions among the Spanish lamproites; the rocks of Jumilla have the highest MgO, P2O5, REE, Ba, Th and the lowest SiO2 contents, while the rocks from Cancarix have the highest SiO2 and K2O contents as well as high MgO, Cr, Ni, and Zr. Both groups of rocks are derived from peralkaline magmas. Micr...

The lamproitic rocks of Jumilla (southeastern Spain) consist of magnesian olivine, phlogopite, clinopyroxene, F-apatite, sanidine and analcime in variable amounts, and of Cr-rich spinel (mostly included in olivine and clinopyroxene), K-rich amphibole, Ti-magnetite, ilmenite and late calcite.In a small area, a post-magmatic apatite + hematite + carb...

Among the Mediterranean lamproites, the Jumilla occurrence deserves particular interest since it contains significant amounts of carbonates and an apatite deposit. Jumillites contain olivine, phlogopite, Fe-rich sanidine, spinels, K-rich richterite, clinopyroxene, fluorapatite and analcite. The magmas were mostly peralkaline with high MgO (13-17%),...

Pelitic rocks of Val Lavagna and M. Antola formations (Lavagna and Graveglia Valley, Ligurian Alps) have been studied to investigate the behaviour of clay minerals at different metamorphic conditions using Mssbauer spectroscopy of57Fe.

The alkali basalt of Cabezo Negro de Tallante (Murcia Province) contains peridotite and pyroxenite-hornblendite (Px-Hb) xenoliths as well as kaersutite megacrysts. Some xenoliths are composite and consist of both magmatic and peridotitic domains. Peridotite xenoliths (Group I nodules), by far the most abundant, vary from harzburgites to clinopyroxe...

The pillow lavas in the Upper Cretaceous Arvi unit consist of differentiated basalts with relatively high contents of Fe2O3(total), TiO2, P2O5, Zr and Nb (up to 15%, 2.28%, 0.88%, 529 ppm and 41 ppm, respectively). Separation/accumulation processes involving mainly plagioclase but also olivine, Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene may have produced these ch...

The diagenetic and metamorphic evolution of some formations, located between Pontremoli and Salsomaggiore, N Appenines, central Italy, have been studied using the illite crystallinity method (I.K.). For comparison some low carbonate samples were disaggregated using ultrasound. The I.K. data obtained confirm that, in general, the lower unit clays, b...

A method is discussed for obtaining information concerning the illite crystallinity of clay-bearing sedimentary and low-grade metamorphic rocks. Methods proposed by different authors are critically compared, particularly with regard to grinding and treatment of the samples as well as XRD instrumental conditions and interpretation of the diffractome...

The illite crystallinity method (M.A. 69-2830) has been used to investigate the diagenetic and metamorphic processes of some Apennine formations, Italy. The lower units of the Tuscanidi formation belong to the anchizone (sub-greenschist facies) while the Liguridi units (Canetolo complex and the Helminthoid flysch) underwent only diagenesis. The met...

Coarse- to fine-grained highly deformed gabbroic fragments occur within some pyroclastic sequences and lava flows of the Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy). They have a low-pressure mineralogy (pl + ol + cpx ± opx ± amph ± bi ± opq), widespread ubiquitous foliations and a tiny amount of interstitial glass. The protoliths (coarse-gr...