E. A. Mulder

University of Amsterdam | UVA · Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences

Shared decision-making (SDM) is crucial to achieve family-tailored care. However, when providing integrated youth care, SDM can be complicated by the context of families with complex problems, and the multiple professionals involved. Commonly used SDM models may not adequately address these specific challenges. Therefore, this qualitative study exp...

Introduction: Families with multiple and enduring problems receive care from various care providers. There is a focus on different areas of life, such as mental health, parenting, financial and social problems. However, due to insufficient coherence and coordination in the care process and fragmentation of services, the support provided often fails...

Background: At present, professionals experience difficulties applying known facilitators and barriers of integrated care in practice [1]. This is particularly intricate when working with youth at-risk and their families. These families have a diversity of problems in different life-areas, that often do not seek or accept care, and with a continuin...

Introduction: Families with severe and enduring problems across different life domains (SEPAD) are often in need of support from different (youth)care organizations. To ensure coherent and tailored support for these families, integrated care is essential. The organization of this care is, however, complicated: the problems these families face tend...

Youth justice settings should provide safe, therapeutic environments, tailored to young people's needs. Current custodial models rarely meet these aims, mainly because a focus on security tends to outweigh an emphasis on care, diminishing rather than encouraging young people's positive development. This article reports on a three-year evaluation of...

Several jurisdictions around the world have recognised that meaningful youth justice reform is more likely to be achieved when moving away from the reliance on large-scale conventional youth justice detention institutions. Small-scale, community-integrated, therapeutic facilities (referred to as “community-integrated facilities”) are more likely to...

Background Given the developmental vulnerability of justice-involved youth, providing a safe environment in secure facilities is a paramount, yet challenging task. Within this complexity, a sound security framework is key. The security framework exists on three dimensions: physical, procedural and relational security. Existing knowledge points at t...

Few studies have addressed the application of violence risk assessment for individuals transitioning from youth to adulthood. For 202 young adults released from Dutch juvenile justice institutions this study investigated the predictive validity and potential disparities in impact of juvenile risk assessment tools (i.e., SAVRY [Structured Assessment...

Background Given the developmental vulnerability of justice-involved youth, providing a safe environment in secure facilities is a paramount, yet challenging task. Therefore, a sound security framework is crucial. Existing knowledge emphasizes the importance of a shift in focus on physical- and procedural security towards relational security. At th...

Structured observation can be valuable to complement self or parent reports used for diagnostic information or risk assessment, although this method is hardly used and understudied in residential forensic settings. To fill this void an observation checklist for residential social workers working in juvenile justice institutions was developed, along...

Background Given the developmental vulnerability of justice-involved youth, providing a safe environment in secure facilities is a paramount, yet challenging task. Within this complexity, a sound security framework is key. Existing knowledge points at the importance of a shift in focus on physical- and procedural security towards relational securit...

Youngsters with intellectual disabilities are overinvolved within the youth justice system. The aim of this study was to explore the suitability of a small-scale community-integrated approach for justice involved youngsters with intellectual disabilities. This study compared the numbers of transfers, the number, type, and rate of change in incident...

While structured observation and self-report (SR) are of great value for risk assessment in forensic youth psychiatry, a number of conclusory variances should be taken into consideration as it pertains to cultural sensitivities. This study therefore researches data collected by self-report using standardized questionnaires, and by an observation ch...

This study examined the development of 74 adolescents (13 to 17 years old, 62% boys) after their placement in the non-residential alternative educational facility School2Care, including the prevention of secure residential placement. Findings Results showed that 70% of the adolescents were not placed in a secure residential facility up until six m...

Seclusion can be harmful for children and adolescents. Hence, all locations for secure residential youth care in the Netherlands are committed to reduce its use by implementing monitoring and feedback as a seclusion reduction intervention. This study examined change over time in the use of seclusion in secure residential youth care in the Netherlan...

Introduction: Integrated care for children and their families is often organized in multidisciplinary teams. In these teams, evaluation and reflection during Multidisciplinary Team Discussions (MTDs) are fundamental to learning, improving interprofessional collaboration, and increasing the quality of care. The effectiveness of MTDs varies widely i...

In this cross-sectional study, we examined differences between 351 adolescents allocated to secure residential youth care and the non-residential alternative educational facility School2Care (12–18 years old, 63% boys). Data were collected by means of the official school registration system and standardized questionnaires. Findings Results showed...

Using seclusion in youth mental health care is controversial, as it can have physical and psychological consequences for youth and professionals. Notably, there is a wide disparity in how seclusion is defined in literature and practice. This leads to a diffuse image of what seclusion comprises, complicates measuring its prevalence, and hampers init...

De opkomst van kleinschalige voorzieningen laat in het residentiële forensische jeugdveld – JeugdzorgPlus en justitiële jeugdinrichtingen (JJI’s) – een snelle ontwikkeling zien. Het idee achter kleinschalige voorzieningen is dat heterogene en complexe problematiek om maatwerk vraagt en er niet kan worden uitgegaan van een one-size-fits-all-benaderi...

To overcome fragmentation in support for children and their families with multiple and enduring problems across life domains, professionals increasingly try to organize integrated care. However, it is unclear what facilitators and barriers professionals experience when providing this integrated care. Our systematic review, including 55 studies from...

Purpose Adolescents who are admitted to secure residential care have a high risk of delinquency after discharge. However, this risk may differ between subgroups in this heterogeneous population of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems and disruptive problem behaviour. In this study, the predictive validity of four risk profiles was examined...

This study examined a biopsychosocial approach on risk assessment in a clinical sample of youth offenders. In search of enhancing the validity of prediction of recidivism through risk factors alone, the added value of protective and neurobiological factors was measured. In 209 male youth offenders (age 15-24), risk and protective factors were asses...

Purpose: Adolescents who are admitted to secure residential care have a high risk of delinquency after discharge. However, this risk may differ between subgroups in this heterogeneous population of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems and disruptive problem behaviour. In this study, the predictive validity of four risk profiles was examined...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5419.].

Most juvenile risk assessment tools heavily rely on a risk-focused approach. Less attention has been devoted to protective factors. This study examines the predictive validity of protective factors in addition to risk factors, and developmental differences in psychometric properties of juvenile risk assessment. For a national Dutch sample of 354 ju...

Introduction: To provide integrated Youth Care responsive to the needs of families with multiple problems across life domains, it is essential to incorporate parental perspectives into clinical practice. The aim of this study is to advance our understanding of key components of integrated Youth Care from a parental perspective. Methods: Semi-str...

Community-integrated facilities provide security and care for justice-involved youth, minimizing risks, while allowing youth to build on protective factors within their community. Literature on the specific factors that determine appropriate placement in a community-integrated facility, versus a more restrictive high-security setting, is scarce. Cu...

Background: To meet the needs of high-vulnerable families with severe and enduring problems across several life domains, professionals must improve their ability to provide integrated care timely and adequately. The aim of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers professionals encounter when providing integrated care. Methods: Experi...

In the Netherlands in 2018, almost 43,000 children and adolescents aged under 18 were removed from their parental homes (Statistics Netherlands, 2019). Around 18,000 of these young people ended up in residential children’s homes, usually living in relatively large groups of eight to ten children. However, there is increasing societal interest in de...

In Nederland werden in 2018 bijna 43.000 jongeren onder de 18 jaar uit huis geplaatst (CBS, 2019). Hiervan kwamen ongeveer 18.000 jongeren in de residentiële jeugdhulp terecht, doorgaans op grotere leefgroepen van acht tot tien jongeren. Er is echter toenemende maatschappelijke aandacht voor het ontwikkelen van kleinschalige groepen. Kleinschalige...

In this multilevel meta-analysis the outcomes of adolescents with complex problems at risk for school drop-out attending nonresidential alternative educational facilities were examined. Ten studies (87 effect sizes), examining outcomes on social-emotional functioning, academic achievement, academic attitude, externalizing and internalizing problems...

In this retrospective longitudinal study we examined which characteristics of 114 Dutch adolescents, aged 12–18 years, and their environment, predicted (un)successful completion of a non-residential alternative educational program for adolescents with complex problems, who are at risk for school drop-out or residential placement. The adolescents re...

Background: Adolescents in residential care are a vulnerable population with many problems in several life areas. For most of these adolescents, these problems persist after discharge and into adulthood. Since an accumulation of risk factors in multiple domains increases the likelihood of future adverse outcomes, it would be valuable to investigat...

Introduction: Since the new Youth Act came into force in January 2015, there has been a decentralization of the Youth Care system in the Netherlands to local municipalities. By decompartmentalization of budgets, municipalities aim to reduce fragmentation of the Youth Care system and facilitate integrated care on a local level. However, despite majo...

Introduction: Youth Care professionals support children and their families who experience a variety of problems on multiple life domains, including psychosocial impairments, problems with alcohol and drugs, parental stress, child abuse and socioeconomic disadvantages (Kolko & Perrin, 2014; Tausendfreund et al., 2016). To overcome fragmentation in,...

Background: Participation of parents during their adolescent’s detention is important for achieving positive treatment outcomes for youths and their families. To improve parental participation, insight in facilitating or hindering factors is necessary. To this end, we studied the perspectives of parents of adolescents detained in two juvenile justi...

Family‐centered care during adolescent detention aims to increase parental participation in an attempt to optimize treatment outcomes. However, little is known about parents’ needs in family‐centered care. To fill this gap, we interviewed 19 purposefully selected parents of detained adolescents using a semi‐structured topic list. Although needs dif...

This study assessed if staff members of two juvenile justice institutions in the Netherlands were able to motivate parents to participate in a programme of Family‐centred Care. For research purposes, parents were considered to participate if they (a) attended the family meeting, (b) visited their son during regular visiting hours, and (c) participa...

Background The population in juvenile justice institutions is heterogeneous, as juveniles display a large variety of individual, psychological and social problems. This variety of risk factors and personal characteristics complicates treatment planning. Insight into subgroups and specific profiles of problems in serious juvenile offenders is helpfu...

Background The development of delinquent behaviour is largely determined by the presence of (multiple) risk factors. It is essential to focus on the patterns of co-occurring risk factors in different subgroups in order to better understand disruptive behaviour. Aims and hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine whether subgroups could be ide...

Background To provide successful treatment to detained adolescents, staff in juvenile justice institutions need to work in family-centered ways. As juvenile justice institutions struggled to involve parents in their child’s treatment, we developed a program for family-centered care. Methods The program was developed in close collaboration with staf...

This study investigates whether primary and secondary variants of psychopathy can be identified in an applied, forensic setting based on self-reports of psychopathy and anxiety. Data were available for two samples of detained boys (Sample A: N = 847, Sample B: N = 749). Using three psychopathy dimensions and anxiety as clustering variables, latent...

Both clinicians and researchers value observation as an important source of diagnostic information, especially in forensic, mental health and school settings. However, it is not well-known how reliable information collected by means of observation is. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the inter-rater reliability (IR...

Sinds twee jaar is de transitie van de zorg voor jeugd naar de gemeenten een feit. Eén van de doelen van de transitie was het terugdringen van dure specialistische zorg door in te zetten op preventie, zorg dichter bij huis en in meer samenhang. Als gevolg hiervan werd de specialistische zorg voor jeugd min of meer gedwongen zichzelf opnieuw uit te...

Prior studies have shown that the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) holds promise as a self-report tool for assessing psychopathic traits in detained adolescents. However, these studies have been conducted in a research context where anonymity and confidentiality are provided. Few studies have examined the usefulness of the YPI in clinical...

Objective To examine the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and mental health problems in juveniles who sexually offended (JSOs) over and above general offending behavior. Methods A sample of 44 JSOs incarcerated in two juvenile detention centers in the Netherlands between May 2008 and March 2014 were examined for childhood abuse hi...

Background: Treatment and rehabilitation interventions in juvenile justice institutions aim to prevent criminal reoffending by adolescents and to enhance their prospects of successful social reintegration. There is evidence that these goals are best achieved when the institution adopts a family-centered approach, involving the parents of the adole...

Adolescents in forensic care display wide varieties of complex psychiatric, psychological, and contextual problems. Based on large amounts of information, clinicians need to consider, integrate, and prioritize these offender characteristics to construct individual treatment trajectories. So far, scientific knowledge on how these treatment decisions...

Background: Over the past 20 years there has been a marked increase in research relating to forensic child and adolescent psychiatry. AIM: To review briefly and reflect on this research. METHOD: First of all, we describe the characteristics of forensic psychiatry and consider the consequences of this type of psychiatry for research in forensic set...

In 'Omzwervingen tussen psychiatrie en recht' worden in wetenschappelijke bijdragen thema’s uit de wereld van het strafrecht en de forensische psychiatrie besproken waar H.J.C. van Marle zich in zijn lange en veelzijdige loopbaan als forensisch psychiater en hoogleraar mee heeft beziggehouden. Hij was als geneesheer-directeur van de Dr. S. van Mesd...

The link between childhood maltreatment and adolescent aggression is well documented; yet, studies examining potential mechanisms that explain this association are limited. In the present study, we tested the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent aggression in boys in juvenile justice facilities (N=767) and examined the contribu...

In the U.S., the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version (MAYSI-2) has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool to identify youth with mental health needs upon entry in detention facilities. The present study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Dutch MAYSI-2 administered as part of r...

Justice-involved youths are more likely to have mental health problems than peers in the community. Therefore, it is important to develop an understanding of the antecedents of mental health problems in this group. The present study examined the association between childhood trauma and mental health problems in juvenile justice-involved adolescent...

Duopresentatie Lisette Janssen-de Ruijter en Sanne Hillege Bij jongeren die wegens hun forensische achtergrond in een gesloten instelling verblijven is veelal sprake van meervoudige problematiek. Naast psychosociale en psychiatrische problemen, is er vaak ook sprake van problemen in het systeem en met leeftijdsgenoten. Behandelaars staan voor een u...

ABSTRACT: Duopresentatie Lisette Janssen-de Ruijter en Sanne Hillege Bij jongeren die wegens hun forensische achtergrond in een gesloten instelling verblijven is veelal sprake van meervoudige problematiek. Naast psychosociale en psychiatrische problemen, is er vaak ook sprake van problemen in het systeem en met leeftijdsgenoten. Behandelaars staan...

ABSTRACT Having an effective triage tool is an important step toward a careful use of the restricted time and qualified personnel to perform comprehensive psychiatric assessment in juvenile justice settings. The aims of this study were to examine the construct validity of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Inventory—second version (MAYSI-2), and its...

Research has shown that the treatment of juvenile offenders is most effective when it takes into account the possible risk factors for re-offending. It may be asked whether juvenile offenders can be treated as one homogeneous group, or, if they are divisible into subgroups, whether different risk factors are predictive of recidivism. AIMS AND HYPOT...

The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of serious juvenile offenders on the basis of their risk profiles, using a data-driven approach. The sample consists of 1,147 of the top 5% most serious juvenile offenders in the Netherlands. A part of the sample, 728 juvenile offenders who had been released from the institution for at least 2 years,...

A large sample of 74% of all serious juvenile offenders in the Netherlands (n = 1,147) was studied with the aim to define which risk factors play a role in the this high-risk group. The Juvenile Forensic Profile with good psychometric qualities was developed to measure seventy risk factors in seven domains: ‘history of criminal behavior,’ ‘family a...

There has been a lot of research on risk factors for recidivism among juvenile offenders, in general, and on individual risk factors, but less focus on subgroups of serious juvenile offenders and prediction of recidivism within these. To find an optimal classification of risk items and to test the predictive value of the resultant factors with resp...

This study was aimed at finding risk factors that predict both overall recidivism and severity of recidivism in serious juvenile offenders. Seventy static and dynamic risk factors associated with family characteristics, peers, psychopathology, substance abuse, psychological factors, and behavior during treatment were assessed with the Juvenile Fore...

In the Netherlands, the top 5% most serious juvenile off enders are placed in juvenile justice institutions under a mandatory treatment order. After two to six years of treatment, the chance of recidivism is supposed to have been reduced considerably. The new off enses that do take place, are supposed to be less severe in nature than the off enses...