Durmuş Özdemir

Yasar University · Economics

This paper clarifies the medical and socio-economic factors affecting the prevalence of COVID-19 by using clinical and survey data in a binary probit model. Socio-economic factors are associated with risk of infection and can increase exposure to and mortality from COVID-19. Inequalities in socio-economic variables affect the prevalence to differen...

Background To examine the role of medical, economic and social inequalities affecting the prevalence of COVID-19 in Turkey. Methods This paper clarifies the medical and socio-economic factors affecting the prevalence of COVID-19 by using clinical and survey data in a binary probit model (BPM). Socio-economic factors affect the prevalence of COVID-1...

Background This study addresses an important field within HIV research, the impact of socioeconomic factors on the healthcare costs of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). We aimed to understand how different socioeconomic factors could create diverse healthcare costs for PLHIV in Turkey. Methods Data were collected between January 2017 and Decemb...

Background: This study addresses an important field within HIV research, the factorsaffecting the determinants of the employability of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) inTurkey. The employability of PLHIV is now even more vital because the use ofantiretroviral therapy improves the quality of life of patients. In spite of this, the relatedliterat...

Background: Viral Hepatitis is one of the major global health problems, affecting millions of people every year. Limited information is available on the impact of social and economic factors on the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Turkey. This study, contrary to other studies in the literature, was undertaken with the aim of examining the...

So far we have discussed the statistical properties of single variables. In this chapter we will discuss bivariate relationships (relationships between two variables). For example inflation and unemployment, quantity and price, consumption and income etc. In the general sense correlation is about two or more sets of things being related. It is quit...

In our introduction we discussed the fact that statistics is a means by which we can describe and derive some conclusions from data. In order to fulfil these aims we first need to collect data. There are many ways of obtaining data. The five main sources are described below.

In the previous chapter we discussed some basic probability concepts. In this chapter we will extend these ideas by looking at probability distributions. Probability distributions represent a pooling of knowledge about ‘common’ situations and they are relative frequency distributions.

In our last chapter we emphasized the importance of inferences about populations based on samples. The issues discussed in this chapter are very similar to estimation, but have some important subtle differences. There are two ways of drawing inferences about the parameters of a population. The first one is to make decisions concerning the value of...

In this chapter we will continue the theme of data description (data presentation, using indices). In our last chapter when we discussed skewness we mentioned the difficulty of using two different measures. A similar difficulty may appear in the case of changes in economic, business and social variables over time. Index numbers can solve this probl...

The last chapter considered several measures in which we can summarize a set of data using just one value. However, as was concluded, these single values do not say very much about the data itself and how it is dispersed (its spread). For instance, it is possible to take two separate sets of data with the same mean, but with great differences in di...

In this chapter we will discuss probability. In the previous chapters we examined the methods of description of data but it is not sufficient to have data or to know where the data can be found and describe it. Statistical inference involves drawing conclusions about a population from a sample of data, which is obtained from a population. If we wan...

In this chapter we will consider two main, widely used distributions; the chi-squared and F distributions. Firstly we will focus on to the two similar distributions; the F and the chi-squared distributions. They share a number of common features. The main common features are that they are

Illustrations are generally not used enough as a tool for analysing data and it is often the case that, on their own, large batches of raw data can appear overwhelming to the observer. If a body of information is presented using a simple diagram or graph then it is, as a rule, more readily understandable. In general diagrams are much easier on the...

In this chapter we will continue to look at indices, i.e. inequality indices. Equality is an important issue. Most of us have some idea of ‘fairness’—large inequalities tend to offend our senses. We will learn a method to describe and measure an inequality, which is a distributional inequality. We will focus on two types of measures; the Lorenz cur...

In this chapter, we will examine multiple regression analysis and discuss regression significance, regression specification, model building, autocorrelation, multicollinearity and some applications of multiple regression analysis.

In Chap. 12 we discussed bivariate relationships, (relationships between two variables) and examined correlation. We have emphasized that correlation is a measure of the strength of any linear association between a pair of random variables. In this chapter we will continue to discuss linear relationships between pairs of variables but in terms of o...

In this chapter, we will examine time series. The main aim of time series analysis is to try to predict the future by projecting the patterns identified in the past. It is assumed that these patterns might be the same in the near future. However, they may not be the same in the distant future. These patterns consist of various elements such as tren...

In our first chapter we stated that statistics is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical data. In statistical inference we draw a sample of observations from a larger population. Estimation is the use of sample data in order to derive conclusions about the population. If we denote the Sample parameters as \( \overli...

In the second chapter we discussed graphical techniques. Their advantage is that they provide a quick overview of data. However, they are limited in that they are not very precise and do not allow for a further analysis. The following chapter introduces some simple numerical techniques that allow us to make a further summary on data by computing an...

This textbook introduces readers to practical statistical issues by presenting them within the context of real-life economics and business situations. It presents the subject in a non-threatening manner, with an emphasis on concise, easily understandable explanations. It has been designed to be accessible and student-friendly and, as an added learn...

This article examines the impacts of the recent high taxation policy on Anatolian wine demand and wine price elasticities. This article uses quarterly data between 1997 and 2013 to estimate key elasticities of the Turkish demand for wine. No prior study has estimated specific elasticities for wine consumption and the results also indicate that the...

A Measuring the risk associated with interest rates is important since it is beneficial in taking measures before negative effects can take place in an economy. We obtain a risk measure for interest rates by fitting the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) to positive extreme day-to-day changes of the interest rate, using data from the Istanbul St...

A Measuring the risk associated with interest rates is important since it is beneficial in taking measures before negative effects can take place in an economy. We obtain a risk measure for interest rates by fitting the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) to positive extreme day-to-day changes of the interest rate, using data from the Istanbul St...

This paper presents an overlapping generations model for a small open economy. The model is calibrated to fit data for Turkey. Simulations suggest that for a fairly open economy such as Turkey, credibility and liquidity constraints matter and the choice of income taxation rate, the mix of government spending and the long-run government debt/GDP rat...

According to the known history, the east of Turkey is considered as the birth place of wine in the world. During the Ottoman era, the main wine producers were the non-Muslim population of the empire. After the collapse of the empire, the hands of wine production replaced by modern Turkish Republic’s state owned and promoted alcohol production. For...

Annual population growth rate in Turkey is as high as 1.1 per cent, while many EU countries have shrinking, and hence ageing, populations. In this paper we consider an age-structured population that consists of female natives and Turkish immigrants into the EU. Immigrants' fertility and mortality schedule may dier from that of EU natives, their chi...

Based on ‘endogenous’ growth theory, the paper examines the effect of trade liberalization on long-run income per capita and economic growth in Turkey. Although the presumption must be that free trade has a beneficial effect on long run growth, counter examples can also be found. This controversy increases the importance of empirical work in this a...

This paper examines the effect of sectoral demand for military expenditure on the peace dividend between Greece and Turkey by employing a multi region dynamic CGE model. A general purpose of the study is to examine the prospect for conflict resolution if Turkey become a member state for the EU. This would expected to create a peace between the two...

This paper presents a small open economy model of endogenous growth and analyse the effect of public investment as an infrastructure and the debt/GDP ratio on long run growth. Part of capital stock is allocated to public investment as a form of Infrastructure. The model is calibrated to fit data for Turkey, a small open economy which is trapped in...