Duncan G Campbell

• PhD
• Professor at University of Montana

Introduction: Minimal research on integrated primary care (IPC) or integrated behavioral health (IBH) has examined clinics in rural communities. The relationships between provider burnout, job satisfaction, and IBH/IPC practices remain understudied, particularly in rural settings. Method: We employed an online survey of 147 medical and behavioral h...

Background Ensuring access to healthcare is a complex, multi-dimensional health challenge. Since the inception of the coronavirus pandemic, this challenge is more pressing. Some dimensions of access are difficult to quantify, namely characteristics that influence healthcare services to be both acceptable and appropriate. These link to a patient’s a...

Introduction: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) Primary Care-Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI) initiative targets depression (MDD), anxiety/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol misuse (AM) for care improvement. In primary care, case finding often relies on depression screening. Whereas clinical practice guidelines solely inform...

Introduction: Collaborative care improves depression and anxiety outcomes. In this naturalistic, observational case study, we adapted an evidence-based depression collaborative care protocol for the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sought to demonstrate that the protocol could be implemented in Veterans Affairs (...

In recent years, topics such as depression, suicide, PTSD, and substance use have garnered increasing attention and discussion within the wildland fire community. Yet, little research has examined psychological and behavioral health variables among wildland firefighters. Accurate information about these characteristics is necessary to help frame di...

Insufficient sleep and insomnia promote chronic disease in the general population and may combine with social and economic factors to increase rates of chronic health conditions among AI/AN people. Given that insufficient sleep and insomnia can be addressed via behavioral interventions, it is critical to understand the prevalence and correlates of...

Introduction: Whereas universal depression screening has potential to increase identification of mental health concerns among college students, the prevalence of universal screening in college health centers is unknown. This study provides an estimate of the prevalence of universal depression screening at public, 4-year universities in the United S...

Introduction: Pediatricians are more likely than mental health (MH) specialists to manage children's MH concerns, and multiple factors complicate their abilities to do so adequately. Integrated care initiatives mitigate systems-related shortcomings that hamstring MH management in primary care. These initiatives, which improve outcomes for adults,...

Objective: Depression is the most prevalent mental health condition in primary care (PC). Yet as the Veterans Health Administration increases resources for PC/mental health integration, including integrated care for women, there is little detailed information about depression care needs, preferences, comorbidity, and access patterns among women ve...

Unwillingness to share depression experiences with primary care physicians contributes to the undertreatment of depression. This project examined college students’ reasons for depression nondisclosure to primary care providers (PCPs). Undergraduate participants read a vignette describing someone with depression and completed measures of disclosure...

Background Whereas stigma regarding mental health concerns exists, the evidence for stigma as a depression treatment barrier among patients in Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care (PC) is mixed. Purpose This study tests whether stigma, defined as depression label avoidance, predicted patients’ preferences for depression treatment providers, patients’...

Smoking and chronic pain are significant public health concerns, and patients with chronic pain smoke at higher rates than the general population. Using survey methodology, we examined smoking prevalence, psychological characteristics, readiness to quit, and cessation treatment preferences in patients from two multidisciplinary pain treatment cente...

Pain is a common secondary condition among persons with disabilities (Dudgeon, Gerrard, Jensen, Rhodes, & Tyler, 2002), and pain that is poorly treated can negatively impact quality of life and psychological functioning (Burtow & Sharpe, 2013). Under-treatment of pain has been identified as a worldwide problem, and a study of US primary care physic...

Primary care is often the first point of care for individuals with depression. Depressed patients often have comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding variations in treatment preferences and care satisfaction in this population can improve care planning and outcomes. The design involved a cross-sect...

Purpose/objective: The purpose of this study was to test the comparative effectiveness of three variations of an online-based health promotion program for improving health and employment outcomes in a sample of Vocational Rehabilitation consumers. Research method/design: A total of 222 VR consumers participated in a randomized trial of three hea...

FULL TEXT: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/KzMsImbDPNF774SvUsW5/full Stigma is one reason that some people avoid seeking mental health treatment. This study tested whether a biologically based anti-stigma message affected various stigma-related outcomes in college students. One hundred eighty-two undergraduate participants were randomly assigned...

FULL TEXT: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/mHiGMasBRJgC5SAdIhdU/full Objective: To develop and test a screening measure of mental health symptoms and well-being in college students, the Symptoms and Assets Screening Scale (SASS). Participants: Participants were 758 college students at 2 universities in the Northwest sampled between October 2009...

OBJECTIVE: Family involvement and social support are associated with recovery from mental disorders. This project explored how family involvement in health care and social support among depressed veterans in primary care related to medication adherence and depression outcomes. METHODS: During a longitudinal telephone survey, 761 Veterans Affairs (V...

Little is known about the prevalence or predictors of seeking help for depression and PTSD from spiritual counselors and clergy. We describe openness to and actual help-seeking from spiritual counselors among primary care patients with depression. We screened consecutive VA primary care patients for depression; 761 Veterans with probable major depr...

Background: Although depression is common and ranks among the leading causes of disability worldwide, mental illness stigma prevents many depressed people from seeking depression treatment. One popular approach to combating stigma involves reducing blame via biomedically-focused public education campaigns promoting the idea that mental illness is “...

This pilot study examined smoking reduction and cessation among college smokers with elevated depressive symptomatology participating in a group-based behavioral counseling, mood management, and motivational enhancement combined intervention (CBT). Fifty-eight smokers (smoked 6 days in the past 30) were randomized to 6 sessions of CBT (n = 29) or a...

Many patients who should be treated for depression are missed without effective routine screening in primary care (PC) settings. Yearly depression screening by PC staff is mandated in the VA, yet little is known about the expected yield from such screening when administered on a practice-wide basis. We characterized the yield of practice-based scre...

Research-based queries about patients’ experiences often uncover suicidal thoughts. Human subjects review requires suicide risk management (SRM) protocols to protect patients, yet minimal information exists to guide researchers’ protocol development and implementation efforts. The purpose of this study was to examine the development and implementat...

To facilitate informed decisions regarding resource allocation, college-based medical and mental health clinic administrators require current and accurate prevalence estimates of mental health problems and treatment. We administered a treatment history questionnaire and screening measures of depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (BAI), alcohol use (AUDIT), a...

This article reviews existing research pertaining to antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, and their combined efficacy in the treatment of clinical depression in youth. Based on this review, we recommend that youth depression and its treatment can be readily understood from a social-psycho-bio model. We maintain that this model presents an alt...

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Compared to those with depression alone, depressed patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience more severe psychiatric symptomatology and factors that complicate treatment. To estimate PTSD prevalence among depressed military veteran primary care patients and compare demographic/illness characteristics of PTSD screen-positive depr...

This study examined the extent to which 3559 VA primary care patients with depression symptomatology received depression diagnoses and/or antidepressant prescriptions. Symptomatology was classified as mild (13%), moderate (42%) or severe (45%) based on SCL-20 scores. Diagnosis and treatment was related to depression severity and other patient chara...

The present study explored complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in veterans with multiple sclerosis (MS). We administered self-report questionnaires to 451 veterans who received healthcare from Veterans Health Administration facilities. CAM use among veterans with MS was widespread; 37% of respondents reported current or past use. Rough...

The chronic illness model encourages consideration of patients' treatment preferences. Moreover, research suggests that matching treatment to preference might affect outcomes for patients with depression. This investigation explored factors associated with treatment preference matching and the effects of matching on depression treatment outcomes. T...

The present study utilizes a prospective longitudinal approach with a naturalistic stressor (exam feedback) to expand upon previous findings (Kwon, 2000, 2002). This study extended previous work on defensive hopelessness by examining the combination of low hope and defense maturity in the face of stress. As hypothesized, individuals with defensive...

One-hundred and sixty-five undergraduate students completed measures of sociotropy, autonomy, and adjustment. Autonomy was associated with poor social adjustment but was not associated with work role adjustment. Sociotropy failed to evidence a significant relation with work role or social adjustment. In past research, autonomy has primarily been th...

The current project presents a simultaneous analysis of personal style and hope, two constructs that are implicated in dysphoria and mental health. Measures of personal style, domain-specific hope, dysphoria, and anxiety were administered to 232 undergraduate students. It was hypothesized that domain-specific hope (achievement-oriented and interper...

This study used classical test theory to assess the psychometric properties of the Environmental Rating Scale (ERS), a measure specifically designed to assess the treatment programs in residential settings that serve individuals with autism. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis support the presence of a single factor represented by the total...

Psychometric properties of the Autism Survey, an instrument designed to assess respondents' knowledge about autism, were evaluated. Subjects completed the survey at a training conference and again 1 month later. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the survey measures one factor. With respect to reliability, the Autism Survey proved to be st...