Duch Wlodzislaw- PhD, DSc
- Head of Department at Nicolaus Copernicus University
Duch Wlodzislaw
- PhD, DSc
- Head of Department at Nicolaus Copernicus University
About
421
Publications
102,756
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
7,945
Citations
Introduction
Duch Wlodzislaw works at the Department of Informatics, and at the Neurocognitive Laboratory, Nicolaus Copernicus University. See the 'List of Duch Lab projects', or the list of papers by topics here:
http://www.is.umk.pl/~duch/cv/WD-topics.html
Please do not ask me to upload papers to ResearchGate of LinkedIn, you can download them using links above. Papers should always be downloaded from the source where they are published.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
January 2014 - November 2016
Position
- Head of Laboratory; Vice-minister of science (until the end of 2015), Poland
September 2000 - October 2009
October 1980 - present
Publications
Publications (421)
- [...]
A brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a direct communication pathway between the human brain and a computer. It has been widely used in medical diagnosis, rehabilitation, education, entertainment, etc. Most research so far focuses on making BCIs more accurate and reliable, but much less attention has been paid to their privacy. Developing a...
The complexity of cultures in the modern world is now beyond human comprehension. Cognitive sciences cast doubts on the traditional explanations based on mental models. The core subjects in humanities may lose their importance, but new, interdisciplinary branches of humanities emerge. Humanities have to adapt to the digital age. Instant access to i...
Although many sophisticated EEG analysis methods have been developed, they are rarely used in clinical practice. Individual differences in brain bioelectrical activity are quite substantial, therefore simple methods that can provide stable results reflecting the basic characteristics of individual neurodynamics are very important. Here, we explore...
Learning from experience is driven by reward prediction errors - signals that reflect updates to our expectations of reward. Despite numerous studies on neural correlates of reward prediction errors, the question of how broader neuronal networks reconfigure in response to reward prediction error signalling remains open. Here we ask how functional n...
Current cognitive architectures are either working at the abstract, symbolic level, or the low, emergent level related to neural modeling. The best way to understand phenomena is to see, or imagine them, hence the need for a geometric model of mental processes. Geometric models should be based on an intermediate level of modeling that describe ment...
Scientists develop new concepts, methods, and techniques to solve practical and theoretical problems. These ideas are disseminated among scientists representing the same discipline; some are known even among non-scientists (artificial intelligence, machine learning, or fractals). The spreading of new ideas in the scientific community is going with...
Electroencephalography (EEG) allows recording of cortical activity at high temporal resolution. Creating features useful for the analysis of the EEG recording can be challenging. Here we introduce a new method of pre-processing the time-series for the analysis of the resting state and binary task classification using recurrence quantification analy...
We present the Gaze Interaction Markup Language (GIML) and its interpreter, the Gaze-Controlled Application Framework, making the development of personalized gaze-based software available to people with no programming background. This software can be used by caregivers to find new methods of communicating with people who suffer from various physica...
Objective:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most widely used signals in motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Domain adaptation has been frequently used to improve the accuracy of EEG-based BCIs for a new user (target domain), by making use of labeled data from a previous user (source domain). However, this raises priv...
Yarkoni's analysis clearly articulates a number of concerns limiting the generalizability and explanatory power of psychological findings, many of which are compounded in infancy research. ManyBabies addresses these concerns via a radically collaborative, large-scale and open approach to research that is grounded in theory-building, committed to di...
Lack of vivid sensory imagery has recently become an active subject of research, under the name of aphantasia. Extremely vivid imagery, or hyperphantasia, is at the other end of the spectrum of individual differences. While most research has focused on visual imagery in this paper I argue that from a neuropsychological perspective this phenomenon i...
A brain–computer interface (BCI) establishes a direct communication pathway between the human brain and a computer. It has been widely used in medical diagnosis, rehabilitation, education, entertainment, and so on. Most research so far focuses on making BCIs more accurate and reliable, but much less attention has been paid to their privacy. Develop...
CelCelem badań była ocena wpływu deficytów poznawczych obecnych w specyficznym zaburzeniu w uczeniu się matematyki, na operowanie mentalną osią liczbową przy użyciu jednocyfrowych liczb prezentowanych w formacie symbolicznym i niesymbolicznym. MetodaZbadano zdolność szacowania miejsca liczb na osi (ang. Number Line Estimation, NLE) u 20 dzieci z za...
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cognitive deficits, which are present in mathematical learning disabilities (e.g. dyscalculia risk) on the mental number line processing with the use of the one-digit numbers range as well as their symbolic and non-symbolic format of presentation.
Lack of vivid sensory imagery has recently become an active subject of research, under the name of aphantasia. Extremely vivid imagery, or hyperphantasia, is at the other end of the spectrum of individual differences. While most research has focused on visual imagery in this paper I argue that from a neuropsychological perspective this phenomenon i...
![Figure 3: Illustration of the Spectral Fingerprinting algorithm [7]. a)...](publication/355424167/figure/fig3/AS:1080826074804230@1634700425124/llustration-of-the-Spectral-Fingerprinting-algorithm-7-a-Mean-field-electrical_Q320.jpg)
Spectral fingerprints (SFs) are unique power spectra signatures of human brain regions of interest (ROIs, Keitel & Gross, 2016). SFs allow for accurate ROI identification and can serve as biomarkers of differences exhibited by non-neurotypical groups. At present, there are no open-source, versatile tools to calculate spectral fingerprints. We have...
Early sensory deprivation, such as deafness, shapes brain development in multiple ways. Deprived auditory areas become engaged in the processing of stimuli from the remaining modalities and in high-level cognitive tasks. Yet, structural and functional changes were also observed in non-deprived brain areas, which may suggest the whole-brain network...
Scientific research on heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback is burdened by certain methodological issues, such as lack of consistent training quality and fidelity assessment or control conditions that would mimic the intervention. In the present study, a novel sham HRV-biofeedback training was proposed as a credible control condition, indisting...
Yarkoni’s analysis clearly articulates a number of concerns limiting the generalizability and explanatory power of psychological findings, many of which are compounded in infancy research. ManyBabies addresses these concerns via a radically collaborative, large-scale and open approach to research that is grounded in theory-building, committed to di...
Yarkoni’s analysis clearly articulates a number of concerns limiting the generalizability and explanatory power of psychological findings, many of which are compounded in infancy research. ManyBabies addresses these concerns via a radically collaborative, large-scale and open approach to research that is grounded in theory-building, committed to di...
Informatics studies all aspects of the structure of natural and artificial information systems. Theoretical and abstract approaches to information have made great advances, but human information processing is still unmatched in many areas, including information management, representation and understanding. Neurocognitive informatics is a new, emerg...
Brain activity pattern recognition from EEG or MEG signal analysis is one of the most important method in cognitive neuroscience. The supFunSim library is a new Matlab toolbox which generates accurate EEG forward model and implements a collection of spatial filters for EEG source reconstruction, including the linearly constrained minimum-variance (...
Our research Excellence Center „Dynamics, Mathematical Analysis and Artificial Intelligence” at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, has 4 open postdoc positions for young researchers (not more than 5 years after PhD), who during the last 3 years did not stay in Poland for a period longer than 6 months, and whose research profile is...
Phenomics is concerned with detailed description of all aspects of organisms, from their physical foundations at genetic, molecular and cellular level, to behavioural and psychological traits. Neuropsychiatric phenomics, endorsed by NIMH, provides such broad perspective to understand mental disorders. It is clear that learning sciences also need si...
Neural complexity is thought to be associated with efficient information processing but the exact nature of this relation remains unclear. Here, the relationship of fluid intelligence (gf) with the resting‐state EEG (rsEEG) complexity over different timescales and different electrodes was investigated. A 6‐min rsEEG blocks of eyes open were analyze...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Objectives
Disorders of consciousness are very big medical and social problem. Their variability, problems in precise definition and proper diagnosis make difficult assessing their causes and effectiveness of the therapy. In the paper we present our point of view to a problem of consciousness and its most common disorders.
Methods
For this moment...
The functional network of the brain continually adapts to changing environmental demands. The consequence of behavioral automation for task-related functional network architecture remains far from understood. We investigated the neural reflections of behavioral automation as participants mastered a dual n-back task. In four fMRI scans equally spann...
![Scientific domains adopted in the Regulations [1]](profile/Oleksandr-Sokolov/publication/335636106/figure/tbl1/AS:890003244732418@1589204717654/Scientific-domains-adopted-in-the-Regulations-1_Q320.jpg)
In the paper, fuzzy sets technology is used to find out the levels of the scientific contribution of a scientist or a team of scientists into scientific fields or discipline. Namely, fuzzy logic is applied to describe the fuzzy input and output relations between scientific fields, disciplines, journals and researchers, afterward, the compositions o...
Despite great progress in understanding the functions and structures of the central nervous system (CNS) the brain stem remains one of the least understood systems. We know that the brain stem acts as a decision station preparing the organism to act in a specific way, but such functions are rather difficult to model with sufficient precision to rep...
The Gaze Interaction Markup Language (GIML) is presented, which is new language for designing the gaze-controlled application and psychological experiments (also by non-programmers).
Behavior may be analyzed at many levels, from genes to psychological constructs characterizing mental events. Neurodynamics is at the middle level. It can be related to biophysical properties of neurons that depend on lower-level molecular properties and genetics and used to characterize high-level processes correlated with behavior and mental stat...
Mind as a shadow of neurodynamics. Physics of Life Reviews 31: 28-31. Special Issue "Physics of mind",
Please read this and other papers using links on my web page:
https://www.is.umk.pl/~duch/cv/WD-topics-exp.html#mindb
The functional network of the human brain continually adapts to changing environmental demands. Such adaptation spans multiple time scales, from seconds during task performance to days and weeks during motor or cognitive training. Yet the precise consequence of behavioral automation for functional network architecture, particularly in the context o...
Recognition and interpretation of brain activity patterns from EEG or MEG signals is one of the most important tasks in cognitive neuroscience, requiring sophisticated methods of signal processing. The supFunSim library is a new Matlab toolbox which generates accurate EEG forward models and implements a collection of spatial filters for EEG source...
Early sensory deprivation such as blindness or deafness shapes brain development in multiple ways. While it is established that deprived brain areas start to be engaged in the processing of stimuli from the remaining modalities and in high-level cognitive tasks, some reports have also suggested the possibility of structural and functional changes i...
Classification may not be reliable for several reasons: noise in the data, insufficient input information, overlapping distributions and sharp definition of classes. Faced with several possibilities neural network may in such cases still be useful if instead of a classification elimination of improbable classes is done. Eliminators may be construct...
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with various kernels have played dominant role in machine learning for many years, finding numerous applications. Although they have many attractive features interpretation of their solutions is quite difficult, the use of a single kernel type may not be appropriate in all areas of the input space, convergence problem...
Assessment of scientific achievements of scientists is difficult because the science is divided into scientific domains and disciplines. The classification is not a partition, so very often disciplines are related to a few scientific domains. The paper presents the method of calculating scientists’ contributions to science, which are based on the n...
Two examples of muli-level explanations of brain activity are provided. First study is aimed at extraction of information from EEG to recognize which brain regions are active using spectral fingerprinting. It is based on forward and inverse modeling of electric potentials measured by sensors placed on the scalp, and computing power spectra from dif...
Physical objects are compounds of matter and form, as stated by Aristotle in his hylomorphism theory. The concept of “form” in this theory refers to physical structures or organizational structures. However, mental processes are not of this kind, they do not change physical arrangement of neurons, but change their states. To cover all natural proce...
The topic of brain stem computational simulation still seems understudied in contemporary scientific literature. Current advances in neuroscience leave the brain stem as one of the least known parts of the human central nervous system. Brain stem lesions are particularly damaging to the most important physiological functions. Advances in brain stem...
Neural networks use their hidden layers to transform input data into linearly separable data clusters, with a linear or a perceptron type output layer making the final projection on the line perpendicular to the discriminating hyperplane. For complex data with multimodal distributions this transformation is difficult to learn. Projection on $k\geq...
There is no free lunch, no single learning algorithm that will outperform other algorithms on all data. In practice different approaches are tried and the best algorithm selected. An alternative solution is to build new algorithms on demand by creating a framework that accommodates many algorithms. The best combination of parameters and procedures...
Several methods of gaze control of video playback were implemented in MovEye application. Two versions of MovEye are almost ready: for watching online movies from the YouTube service and for watching movies from the files stored on local drives. We have two goals: the social one is to help people with physical disabilities to control and enrich the...
Several methods of gaze control of video playback were implemented in MovEye application. Two versions of MovEye are almost ready: for watching online movies from the YouTube service and for watching movies from the files stored on local drives. We have two goals: the social one is to help people with physical disabilities to control and enrich the...
Neural networks are commonly regarded as black boxes performing incomprehensible functions. For classification problems networks provide maps from high dimensional feature space to K-dimensional image space. Images of training vector are projected on polygon vertices, providing visualization of network function. Such visualization may show the dyna...
Understanding mind-brain-environment relations is one of the key topics in psychology. Kurt Lewin, inspired by theoretical physics, tried to establish topological and vector psychology analyzing patterns of interaction between the individual and her/his environment. The time is ripe to reformulate his ambitious goals, searching for ways to interpre...
There is no controversy in psychology or brain sciences that brains create mind and consciousness. Doubts and opinions to the contrary are quite frequently expressed in non-scientific publications. In particular the idea that conscious mind is received, rather than created by the brain, is quite often used against “materialistic” understanding of c...
The aims of our study were:
(1) to examine changes in the whole-brain functional network under increased cognitive demands of working memory during an n-back task, and their relationship with behavioral outcomes; and (2) to provide a comprehensive description of local changes that may be involved in the formation of the global workspace, using hub...
This paper introduces a model of Emergent Visual Attention in presence of calcium channelopathy (EVAC). By modelling channelopathy, EVAC constitutes an effort towards identifying the possible causes of autism. The network structure embodies the dual pathways model of cortical processing of visual input, with reflex attention as an emergent property...
In the era facilitated by the Internet of Things, ubiquitous communications as well as cloud services, sensing means, and human-computer interfaces are becoming all-pervasive and online. This makes it more possible for us than ever before to study engineering problems, human activities, and social behaviors through machine learning analysis of the...
Conspiracy theories, or in general seriously distorted beliefs, are
widespread. How and why are they formed in the brain is still more a matter of
speculation rather than science. In this paper one plausible mechanisms is
investigated: rapid freezing of high neuroplasticity (RFHN). Emotional arousal
increases neuroplasticity and leads to creation o...
Purpose: Currently there is no direct method available to automatically distinguish between emotions by realtime
computational analysis and stabilize emotional state of the subject using series of standarized pictures or
others stimuli. The aim of this study was to find out whether is true if our new concept of intelligent emotions
stabilization sy...
Sokolov Oleksandr, Dobosz Krzysztof, Dreszer Joanna, Duch Włodzisław, Grzelak Sławomir, Komendziński Tomasz, Mikołajewski Dariusz, Piotrowski Tomasz, Świerkocka Małgorzata, Weber Piotr. Spirometry Data Analysis and Monitoring in Medical and Physiological Tests. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(3):35-46. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/ze...
Background: Human physiological system belongs to the most complex systems which elements has been described in detail using different mathematical models. Due to high complexity of elements, the design of whole physiological system depends on the goal of investigations. We would like to concentrate our efforts on emotions influence to physiologica...
Sokolov Oleksandr, Meszyński Sebastian, Weber Piotr, Mikołajewski Dariusz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Grzelak Sławomir, Duch Włodzisław, Komendziński Tomasz. Multiagent modeling of emotions influence on physiological systems: new concept = Modelowanie wieloagentowe wpływu emocji na układy fizjologiczne: nowa koncepcja. Journal of Education, He...
This paper addresses the problem of designing closed-loop control of emotion based on affective measures and computing. The work is focused on design rule base control system that serves for positive emotion state stabilization. The proposed approach is based on analyzing of breathing signal. The measured signal is analyzed according to features im...
The International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) is the annual flagship conference of the European Neural Network Society (ENNS). Its wide scope in neural networks ranges from machine learning algorithms to models of real nervous systems. ICANN aims at bringing together researchers from different research fields, such as computer...
Semantic networks inspired by semantic information processing by the brain frequently do not improve the results of text classification. This counterintuitive fact is explained here by the multiple inheritance problem, which corrupts real-world knowledge representation attempts. After a review of early work on the use of semantic networks in text c...
Analysis of dynamics of biologically motivated neural networks allows for studying non-linear processes responsible for cognitive functions and thus provides adequate language to understand complex mental processes, including psychiatric syndromes and disorders. Problems with attention shifts that are at the roots of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)...
Human-level intelligence implies creativity, not only on the grand scale, but primarily in the everyday activity, such as understanding intentions, behavior, and invention of new words. Psychological models of creativity have some support in experimental cognitive psychology, but computational models of creative processes are quite rare. This paper...
A diversity of symptoms in autism dictates a broad definition of Autism Spectrum of Disorders (ASD). Each year, the percentage of children diagnosed with ASD is growing. One common diagnostic feature in individuals with ASD is the tendency to exhibit atypical simple cyclic movements. The motor brain activity seems to generate a periodic attractor s...
Recursive Similarity-Based Learning algorithm (RSBL) follows the deep learning idea, exploiting similarity-based methodology to recursively generate new features. Each transformation layer is generated separately, using as inputs information from all previous layers, and as new features similarity to the k nearest neighbors scaled using Gaussian ke...
An approach to the word sense disambiguation (WSD) relaying on the WordNet synsets is proposed. The method uses semantically tagged glosses to perform a process similar to the spreading activation in semantic network, creating ranking of the most probable meanings for word annotation. Preliminary evaluation shows quite promising results. Comparison...
![Fig. 5. Activation of categories related to selected neuron [4:2] from...](profile/Julian-Szymanski/publication/262290200/figure/fig5/AS:669090645561344@1536535049005/Activation-of-categories-related-to-selected-neuron-42-from-map-given-in-Fig-1_Q320.jpg)
Visualization of Wikipedia categories using Self Organizing Maps shows an overview of categories and their relations, helping to narrow down search domains. Selecting particular neurons this approach enables retrieval of conceptually similar categories. Evaluation of neural activations indicates that they form coherent patterns that may be useful f...
Editors: Włodzisław Duch / Ah-Hwee Tan / Stan Franklin
Popular web search engines tend to improve the relevance of their result pages, but the search is still keyword-oriented and far from "understanding" the queries' meaning. In the article we propose an interactive question-based search algorithm that might come up helpful for identifying users' intents. We describe the algorithm implemented in a for...
Complex neural and machine learning algorithms usually lack comprehensibility. Combination of sequential covering with prototypes based on threshold neurons leads to a prototype-threshold based rule system. This kind of knowledge representation can be quite efficient, providing solutions to many classification problems with a single rule.
Prototype selection, as a preprocessing step in machine learning, is effective in decreasing the computational cost of classification task by reducing the number of retained instances. This goal is obtained by shrinking the level of noise and rejecting the irrelevant data. Prototypes may be also used to understand the data through improving compreh...
Informatics studies all aspects of the structure of natural and artificial information systems. Theoretical and abstract approaches to information have made great advances, but human information processing is still unmatched in many areas, including information management, representation and understanding. Neurocognitive informatics is a new, emerg...
Classification methods with linear computational complexity O(nd) in the number of samples n and their dimensionality d often give results that are better or at least statistically not significantly worse that slower algorithms. This is demonstrated here for many benchmark datasets downloaded from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Results provid...
![Figure 2. Brain areas involved in the mirror neuron subsystem [15]](profile/Krzysztof-Dobosz-2/publication/236892902/figure/fig2/AS:299438036799493@1448402999970/Brain-areas-involved-in-the-mirror-neuron-subsystem-15_Q320.jpg)
Every year the prevalence of Autism Spectrum of Disorders (ASD) is rising. Is there a unifying mechanism of various ASD cases at the genetic, molecular, cellular or systems level? The hypothesis advanced in this paper is focused on neural dysfunctions that lead to problems with attention in autistic people. Simulations of attractor neural networks...
Support Vector Machines (SVM's) with various kernels have become very successful in pattern classification and regression. However, single kernels do not lead to optimal data models. Replacing the input space by a kernel-based feature space in which the linear discrimination problem with margin maximization is solved is a general method that allows...
As a step towards neural realization of various similarity based algorithms k-NN method has been extended to weighted nearest neighbor scheme. Experiments show that for some datasets significant improvements are obtained. As an alternative to the minimization procedures a best–first search weighted nearest neighbor scheme has been implemented. A fe...
Understanding information contained in texts and symbols requires extensive background knowledge. This knowledge is stored in semantic memory. Recently manually created ontologies and dictionaries became very popular but still do not contain sufficient information for many applica-tions, such as semantic search or automatic annotation of concepts....
Understanding data is one of most important problems. Popular crisp logic rules are easy to understand and compare, however for some datasets the number of extracted rules is very large, what affect reduction of generalization and makes the system less transparent. Another solution are fuzzy logic rules, which are much more flexible, however they d...
Feature selection is a challenging problem for computational intelligence. Feature selection algorithms that wrap around learning system suffer from high computational complexity. In this paper a fast redundancy removal filter is proposed based on modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, utilizing class label informa-tion while comparing feature pair...
A Context Search algorithm used for lexical knowledge acquisition is presented. Knowledge representation based on psycholinguistic theories of cognitive processes allows for implementation of a computational model of semantic memory in the form of semantic network. Knowledge acquisition using supervised dialog templates have been performed in a wor...
Questions
Question (1)
Do we all think in the same way, or are there great individual differences? In recent years research on imagery, or rather lack of imagery, was labeled "aphantasia", and is now a very popular subject. I have argued since 15 years that all forms of agnosia have their counterpart in imagery agnosia. See my recent paper "Imagery agnosia and its phenomenology", where I write about my own experiences. It is linked to the project page:
Imagery Agnosia (umk.pl)
