Dubravka Milanov

Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad" · Laboratory for Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica is a well-known agent of human nocardiosis and is considered an emerging pathogen, however, its identification to the species level is complex for many clinical laboratories. Available data on the clinical significance of N. cyriacigeorgica in veterinary medicine are sparse and mainly concern isolated reports of pyogranulom...

Available data on the clinical significance of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in veterinary medicine are scarce and usually concern individual reports of local or systemic pyogranulomatous lesions in domestic animals. In this study, we report a case of severe bovine mastitis caused by N. cyriacigeorgica, non-responsive to antimicrobial therapy, on a smal...

It has been established that some clones of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli ST131, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) tend to spread worldwide. Therefore, epidemiological surveys have been conducted to identify the source of infection and to break the chain of infection. In this article, it was poin...

Highly mucoid Streptococcus uberis were isolated on blood agar from five milk samples originating from two dairy cow farms. All the isolates were CAMP test and esculin hydrolysis negative. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) following prior extraction with 70% formic acid was used for identifi...

This study was performed to examine the effects of medicinal plant extracts of corn silk (Stigma maydis), parsley leaf (Petroselini folium), and bearberry leaf (Uvae ursi folium) on antioxidant status of the brain of experimental animals (mice) under the physiological conditions. Biological properties of these plants are insufficiently investigated...

Yogurt is one of the most popular fermented dairy products with a worldwide acceptance. There are many types of yogurt differing in flavor, physical and chemical properties. Yogurt is produced by adding bacterial culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus to milk and cream products. During the period from...

In this work, new approaches for the green extraction of polyphenols from sour cherry pomace were explored. Three Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) systems based on choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and malic acid, urea, and fructose (MalA, Ur, and Fru) as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) were used. NADES systems were prepare...

The focus of this study was to evaluate whether six choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) could serve as solvents for the extraction of bioactives from the leaves of Mentha piperita. NADES extracted significantly higher amounts of phenols from peppermint than 70% ethanol and may be useful in the extraction of targeted major...

Foodborne transmission of Salmonella spp. from contaminated duck meat has been recognised as an important hazard for human health in the past few decades and pathogenic strains of Salmonella spp. have long been considered as serious zoonotic hazards. The nutritional quality is the main reason for the fact that duck meat is very attractive for consu...

Water used for watering pigs, originating from five wells located in households in a settlement in Vojvodina, was inspected for its quality by the analysis of bacteriological parameters and pesticide content. Five samples were taken from each well at monthly intervals (n=25). In all water samples from three wells, coliform bacteria, including therm...

Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STDT104) are foodborne pathogens of public health significance. It is less known that Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (with cattle being the most probable natural reservoir) can be isolated from pigs, sheep and wildlife as well. The basic information a...

Th e aim of this study was to investigate the composition and quality of Serbian honeydew honey. For this purpose, the physicochemical characteristics of 14 honeydew samples were analyzed. Th e physicochemical characteristics of all honeydew honeys from Serbia analyzed in this research can be considered to be within the parameters prescribed for ho...

Although Clostridium tertium is supposed to be a foodborne pathogen, the data on its detection in foodstuff s is scarce, and there are no reports on its isolation from feed. In this communication paper, the isolation of C. tertium from a sample of soya semolina is described. C. tertium may be important in diff erential diagnosis, when it is to be d...

In this paper we briefl y described the worldwide distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs and cats. Th e most common sequence type of MRSP strains in dogs is ST71 as it was detected in isolates on four continents (Europe, Asia, North and South America). However, several diff erent MRSP sequence types are...

In this study, 20 Listeria monocytogenes isolates detected in a food processing environment and food products were tested for biofilm-forming ability in two different culture media: Tryptone Soya Broth and Luria Bertani Broth. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed with the MINITAB software package, version 16.0. The two-sample t-t...

Necrotic enteritis (NE) or poultry clostridiosis is a disease which poses enormous health problems and makes tremendous economic losses to intensive poultry production worldwide. Despite having been targeted in extensive research for decades, a number of aspects of its pathogenesis remain unknown. For more than 30 years alfa-toxin has been consider...

Animal feed is the first link in the cycle “farm to fork” and the first potential place for entry of alimentary pathogens into the food chain. Special attention is given to bacteria from the genus Salmonella due to significant health and economic concerns related to salmonellosis in both human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Animal feed can beco...

The aim of the present study was to determine the bioactive compounds in four essential oils (EO's) from Origanum heracleoticum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum and to assess their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against Salmonella Enteritidis. Strains were previously characterized depending on the expression of the e...

In the present paper the laboratory isolation and identification of Bordatella bronchiseptica, the causative agent of canine tracheobronhitis, is described. A dog which suffered persistent cough, loss of appetite and fever was previously unsucceffully treated with antibiotics, which is why nasal swabs were taken and sent for microbiological assessm...

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis within poultry flocks all around the world. There is a number of virulence mechanisms involved in the disease process in poultry and determination of some of the responsible genes is important for diagnosis of colibacillosis. In this work, research data regarding diagnostics of APEC and...

The results of the research into the microbiological contamination of litter used by broiler chickens are presented. Litter samples were taken prior to the introduction of chicks (day 0) and in 7-day intervals until the end of the fattening period. The total numbers of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, yeasts, moulds and Clostridium perfringens sp...

Food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes has the potential to cause listeriosis which could be a serious illness in vulnerable consumers such as pregnant women, neonates, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised individuals. Serbian legislation, which is in accordance with EU legislation, requires control of L. monocytogenes only in ready-to...

Background: Multiple resistances to antibiotics are an emergent problem worldwide. Scientists intensively search for new substances with the antimicrobial potential or the mode to restore the activity of old-generation antibiotics. Ampicillin is the antibiotic with the expanded range of antimicrobial activity, but its use has decreased due to the p...

The aim of the present study was to determine the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) prevalence in boars in 3 farms in Serbia and their possible relation with alterations of reproductive parameters and blood biochemical parameters [total protein, urea, creatinine and aspartate transaminase levels (AST)]. The prevalence of (PCV2) was evaluated by the...

The knowledge about virulence mechanisms, resistance to antimicrobial agents and the biofilm formation ability of Salmonella spp. in poultry industry has been expanded over the years. However, in spite of the research efforts and significant investments to improve management systems in poultry industry, it has become evident that none of the method...

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Tennessee was the most frequent Salmonella serovar isolated from plant-based animal feed throughout a two-year period (2012-2013) of research conducted in the region of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. In this study, the ability of biofilm formation was investigated on 20 isolates of S. Tennessee...

Abstract: Intensive breeding of cattle includes a series of technological procedures that should enable continuous production and optimal use of production capacities. Under such conditions, new-born calves must be adapted to different environmental factors, which primarily relate to diet and housing conditions. The state of health and well-being o...

Repeated Listeria outbreaks particularly associated with Ready-To-Eat (RTE) delicatessen meat products have been reported annually at global level. The most frequent scenario that led to foodborne outbreaks was the post-thermal treatment cross-contamination of deli meat products during slicing and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The preconditi...

Bacteria belonging to the genus Salmonella are one of the major foodborne pathogens, primarily due to their health and economic impact. The main sources of human infection are poultry products. Salmonella may enter various stages of the poultry production process in many different ways. Biofilm is just one of the recently recognised risk factors, w...

The aim of the study was to characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates collected in Serbia from bovine clinical mastitis cases and diseased pigs, mainly with molecular methods. A total of 48 E. coli isolates was collected during the years 2013-2014, of which 22 were MDR and were included in further analysis. Phylogenetic typin...

Food borne transmission of antibiotic resistant strains of Escherichia coli from contaminated food has been recognised as an important hazard for human health in the past few decades and pathogenic strains of E. coli have long been considered as serious zoonotic hazards. Poultry meat is attractive for consumers worldwide, so the measures to preserv...

Pasteurella (P.) multocida is a heterogeneous species of Gram-negative bacteria which are common commensals of the upper respiratory system of various mammal and bird species, but are also opportunistic contagious zoonotic pathogens which cause a wide spectre of infections in domestic animals and humans. P. multocida is a rare cause of mastitis in...

The study encompassed collecting of honey samples from diverse honey producers from the territory of Vojvodina Province and the analysis thereof for the presence of antibiotic and sulfonamide residues. Having in mind the actual clinical information and epizootical situation, it is most likely that antibiotics are still in use in apiaries. In this r...

Introduction. Bacteria isolated from skin, gills, and fish intestines from aquaculture ponds, ornamental fish stores/aquariums and live fish markets were investigated. Materials and Methods. Disk diffusion and E-test were used for susceptibility testing to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins with or without ?-lactamase inhibitor, 3rd and 4th generation...

Increased incidence of protothecal mastitis has been recorded in several countries in the past ten years. The main goal of this article is to draw the attention of scientific and professional community to the emerging issue of mammary protothecosis. The article collates currently known facts about infection reservoirs, predisposing factors for the...

Abstract In this paper we have presented the results of research on the health status of pigs of different age and production categories conducted on commercial farms. The concept of modern industrial pig production is based on the implementation of biosecurity measures and solving of problems on protecting and preserving the environment which gre...

The objectives of the present paper are the analysis and comparison of the results from available literature regarding the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry in different countries. Tetracycline is still one of the most commonly used antibiotic in many developing countries both in human and in ve...

The importance of gulls as bioindicators, reservoirs and vectors of Escherichia coli strains resistant to the older generation of antibiotics, broad spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones is reviewed in the following paper. The aim is to highlight the fact that they could be a hot spot for the development of new resistance types. Even though...

Key words: environmental influence, domestic animals, rodents Introduction: In the intensive and extensive type of breeding animals are exposed to various influences of environmental pollutants. Aims: Of the study was monitoring environmental pollutants and biological contamination of health status in domestic animals and rodents. Material and Me...

Physiological ranges of blood biochemistry parameters differs substantially for each animal species. Assessment of biochemical parameters included in metabolic profiling have multiple significance in swine health care and production. Parameters of metabolic profile may be an indicator of shortage of food, and sometimes can point out to a variety of...

Introduction: Novel molecular techniques applied in biotechnology research have provided sound evidence on clonal persistence of distinct serovars of Salmonella in feed factory environments, over long periods of time (months, even years), which can be responsible for repeated in-house contamination of final products. In this study, we examined the...

The relationship between the use of antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic resistant strains of E. coli , as well as antibiotic residues in poultry litter, mainly due to irregular use of antibiotics is reviewed in the present paper. The aim of this review is to examine the existing problem of poultry waste management and how it can impact agric...

An alternative method for detection of Salmonella spp. in animal feed, based on the use of loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) in conjunction with a standard culturing procedure, was compared with the standard ISO 6579 as reference method, using soya meal as the test matrix. Validation was performed based on the principles set out in ISO/FDIS 16140-...

Salmonella causes local and systemic infections of poultry, which may lead to substantial direct and indirect economic losses, presenting also signifi cant risk to human health. Th e aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of certain serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolated on poultry farms in Southern Bačka and Srem regions in the period from...

The resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to fluoroquinolones has become a serious issue on large pig farms worldwide, since these antimicrobial agents are widely used in the control of various diseases such as neonatal diarrhea, post weaning diarrhea, the edema disease as well as others. Being a frequent inhabitant of the digestive tract, E.col...

In this work we briefl y present the mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines. Tetracycline’s were introduced in clinical practice in 1948, and are used for the therapy in human and veterinary medicine or as growth promoters in livestock industry. Th ere are three major mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines. Gram negative bacteria utilize effl...

Background: Lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in milk have an important role in udder resistance to infection in the involution period. Both proteins express antimicrobial activity-lactoferrin by the binding and sequestration of iron ion; and immunoglobulin G by complement activation, bacterial opsonization and agglutination. Many factors affect lac...

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family, present in high concentrations in secretions from the mammary glands during the involution period, and has antimicrobial ability. To determine lactoferrin concentrations in bovine milk with different bacteriological findings, 151 quarter milk samples were collected on a dairy fa...

For decades intensive husbandry has more or less been based on the use of antibiotics in sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) aimed at growth promotion. Continuous exposure of animal intestinal microbiota, including opportunistic zoonotic pathogens, to sub-MIC poses a pressure to selection and spread of bacteria strains with developed me...

All natural antibiotics available to modern medicine are products of soil-dwelling bacteria and fungi. In addition, all resistance genes which are being detected in human pathogens existed in soil bacteria even before antibiotics were discovered and brought into use. However, the concentrations of natural antibiotics in soil are usually subinhibito...

Resistance to tetracycline was studied in Salmonella Infantis isolated from 28 poultry farms in the Northern part of Serbia (The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina). A total of 18 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) and tetracycline (TET). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to TET, ranged from 1-256 mg/L. Namely, 13 isolates exhib...

Corynebacterium renale is a common inhabitant of the the vulva, vagina and prepuce of apparently normal cattle, but also an opportunistic pathogen and the cause of cystitis and purulent pyelonephritis in cows. In this paper, we show the isolation of C. renale from the urine of cows with clinical cystitis, colonial, microscopic and biochemical chara...

Control of Salmonella in primary production of broiler chickens Pajić Marko, Karabasil Neđeljko, Todorović Dalibor, Milanov Dubravka, Dmitrić Marko, Lakićević Brankica, Đorđević Vesna Salmonellae represent one of the main causes of zoonotic diseases in people, triggered by ingestion of contaminated food, mostly poultry meat and eggs. The presence o...

The intensive rearing of cattle includes a whole range of technological processes that should enable continuous production and optimal use of production capacity. In such circumstances, newborn calves have to adapt to different environmental factors, including diet. The technology of growing calves diet was initially based solely on feeding colostr...

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is an important alimentary pathogen that recently gained special attention due to the ability of a large number of strains to form biofi lms. Qualitative testing of biofi lm forming ability was performed by observing the morphotype of the colonies on Congo Red agar and by conducting the pellicle test, while...

Escherichia coli is an opportunistic pathogen affecting bovine mammary gland causing mainly transient infections; however, some recent reports indicated that some strains are able to adhere to and internalize into the epithelial cells, which can result in the persistence of the pathogen in the tissue and development of recurrent mastitis. The mecha...

Salmonella causes local and systemic infections of poultry, which may lead to substantial direct and indirect economic losses, presenting also significant risk to human health. The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of certain serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolated on poultry farms in Southern Bačka and Srem regions in the period from 2...

This paper briefly describes mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in several worldwide distributed Salmonella clones. The isolates have acquired multiple resistance traits over the years due to extensive antibiotic treatment both in human and veterinary medicine. Except for the Salmonella Typhimuirum DT104 where effl ux pump appears to play...

The outbreaks of enteritic infections in piglets caused by Clostridium perfringens belongs to the disease group with marked age incidence i.e. it normally occurs in suckling piglets aged to 7 days, usually on 2nd or 3rd day. At necropsy, the predominant pathomorphological lesions are most frequently observed in small intestine, especially in jejunu...

A brief case report on bovine subclinical mastitis caused by yeast species Candida lambica is presented in this article. Basic cultural, microscopic and biochemical traits of this rare agent implicated in bovine mammary infection are described. Identifi cation of isolates was performed using an Integral System Yeasts Plus test, a commercial kit for...

Bacteria of the genus Salmonella, some Escherichia coli strains as well as other species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, manifest the ability to express a specific phenotype, which is commonly termed as the 'rdar' (red, dry and rough) morphotype. Both rdar and non-rdar phenotypes are commonly found in the nature; however, rdar is of essential imp...

Animal feed is the first link in the food chain and one of the possible source of Salmonella for food producing animals and consequently, humans consuming products of animal origin. The assessment of the importance and role of Salmonella organisms commonly detected in animal feed in epidemic outbreaks of salmonellosis is highly intricate. This is m...

Intramammary infections change the composition of milk and increase electrical conductivity of milk and decrease milk electrical resistance. Electrical conductivity has been used to detect mastitis during last four decades. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of the milk electrical conductivity measuring in detection of subclini...

Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic bacterium that commonly infects foals and immunocompromised patients. Due to the large economic losses that it can cause in the fi eld of horse breeding, the microorganism has been studied in details, including its immunological aspect. Within the humoral immunity, the most important immunoglobulins are those of...

Intensive cattle breeding involves a whole series of technological processes, which should allow continued production and optimal use of production capacities. In those conditions new born calves must adapt to different environmental factors, including diet and housing conditions. Diseases of digestive and respiratory organs are the most common hea...